History of transplants

Transplanting organs, replace old worn-out organs with healthier ones, has long been a dream in medicine.

An organ transplant is a surgical operation in which a failing or damaged organ in the human body is removed and replacing with a functioning one. The donated organ may be from a deceased donor, a living donor or an animal. In some cases an artificial organ is used.

Several attempts were made in 1901 in Vienna, where investigators tried to transplant kidneys in dogs, pigs, goats, and calves. The exercise turned out to be purely technical due to the lack of understanding of vascular surgical techniques, organ preservation, and immunosuppression.

In 1902, Dr. Alexis Carrel developed the technique of vascular suturing that in principle is still in practice today.

In 1933, the first real attempt at transplanting a human kidney to a human patient was done by Dr. YuYu Voronoy in Russia No immunosuppression was given. The kidney never functioned.

The first recorded event in which a transplanted kidney functioned was in 1951 by Dr. Küss .

In 1954 at Brigham Hospital in Boston, Dr. Joseph Murray performed the first successful human kidney transplant.

Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. E. Donnall Thomas received the Nobel Prize for the development of clinical transplantation in 1990.

Once surgeons had streamlined the process of transplanting essential organs -- heart, kidneys, liver and lungs -- they turned their focus to "nonessential" parts of the body.

In the late 1990s, surgeons in Lyon, France, and New Zealand performed the first successful hand transplants. The next step was to attempt a face transplant.

• In 2010 spanish doctors conducted the world’s first full face transplant on a man injured in a shooting accident.• Washkansky, a South African grocer

dying from chronic heart disease, received the transplant . Surgeon Christiaan Barnard, who trained at the University of Cape Town and in the United States, performed the revolutionary medical operation.

• Dr. James Hardy performed the first human lung transplant in 1963 in Jackson Mississippi. • The first human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by a surgical team led by Dr. Thomas Starzl of Denver, Colorado, United States.

Questions•What kind of animals had been used to experiment on first transplants?•Who was the first doctor that made a successful transplant?

Bibliographyhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200638/

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