Post on 18-Jan-2016
History of the Earth Jeopardy
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Before the Earth Major Events Timelines Pictures Earth’s Future
Final Jeopardy
How long ago did the “Big Bang” occur?
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13.7 Billion Years Ago
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What is the name our galaxy and the name of the closest galaxy to our
own?
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Ours - The Milky WayClosest - The Andromeda
Galaxy
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What is theorized to be at the center of every galaxy?
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Super-massive Black Holes
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How did the moon form?
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A 5th inner planet named Theia smashed into Earth 4.6 bya and
blew debris into orbit. Eventually, the debris formed an accretion
disk and soon thereafter coalesced into the moon
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What are the “seeds” of stars,
planets, and entire solar systems, how do these
“seeds” arise, and what are these “seeds” made of?
11Solar Systems (etc) are formed from nebulas
Nebulas come from exploded supernovas
Nebulas are comprised of the 92 naturally occurring elements
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What was the Cambrian
Explosion and what was the end
result of the event?
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Explosion of life at the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon
Result – All present animal Phyla developed during the Cambrian Explosion over the course of 20 million years or so
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Compare and contrast the P-T and K-T Extinctions on the basis of cause, the time
in which they occurred, and the end result of the
extinctions
15P-T – Caused by the formation of Pangaea and
the super-volcano eruption that occurred in present-day Siberia about 251 mya - Resulted in the death of 83% of all animal genera
K-T – Caused by an asteroid impact near the Yucatan Peninsula 65 mya- Resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs
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What caused the Snowball Earth event and how did this event come to an end?
17Cause – Proliferation of photosynthetic organisms began to draw too much CO2 out of the atmosphere causing it to cool down rapidly
End – The frozen landscape allowed very little photosynthesis to occur. Additionally volcanism was releasing high amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Eventually the CO2 rose to a point to melt the Snowball Earth
What was the defining event that led to the ability of single-
celled organisms to begin to form multicellular organisms?
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Atmospheric oxygen rose to a point high enough for massive
amounts of collagen to be produced
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Why was the “Late Heavy Bombardment” so important in the
development of life on Earth?
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It brought most of the water to the Earth as well as the amino acids
essential for life to exist
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The first 3 Eons of Earth’s history are collectively
known as what?
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The Precambrian
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In which Eon did Snowball Earth occur?
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Proterozoic
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In which Period did dinosaurs reach their peak
diversity?
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The Cretaceous Period
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Describe the following 3 Eras of the Phanerozoic
PaleozoicMesozoicCenozoic
29Paleozoic – Formation of all present animal
phyla, formation of Pangaea, colonization of land by plants & animals
Mesozoic – The Age of Dinosaurs (Earth was hotter & wetter with lots of jungles &
swamps)Cenozoic – The Age of Mammals (Earth got much cooler & drier and the jungles/ swamps gave way to grasslands)
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What is the balanced formula for photosynthesis?
Label the following time periods as either an Eon, Era, Period, or Epoch.
Pleistocene HadeanPaleozoic TriassicCambrian Phanerozoic
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Pleistocene - EpochHadean - Eon
Paleozoic - EraTriassic - Period
Cambrian - PeriodPhanerozoic - Eon
32What is the name of the landmass pictured below and what was the
climate like throughout much of the interior of the landmass?
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Pangaea – Most of the inner landmass was
scorching desert
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What is the name for these mounds of photosynthetic bacteria that are
responsible for the majority of the atmospheric oxygen on earth?
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Stromatolites
36What is the name of this
fractal organism that may be found in 560 million year old
rock all over the world?
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Charnia
38What does the following figure show
about the development of Homo sapiens over the last 1 million years?
39Other species of the Homo genus competed with Homo
sapiens for resources. Eventually Homo sapiens
were the only species left by 30,000 years ago
40What is tidal braking?
41The moon pulls on the tidal bulge in the opposite direction of the spin of the Earth. Resulting friction between the ocean water and the ocean floor constantly slows the spin of the Earth.
(The moon is speeding up at the same time)
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In how many years from now is the Earth
expected to enter a new ice age?
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Approximately 25,000 years
44What theory predicts that the Atlantic ocean will reach a
maximum size, collapse, and that the continents will then
come back together in a formation similar to
Pangaea?
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Introversion Theory
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What will happen once the moon leaves earth’s orbit and flies off
into space?
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The moon will cease to stabilize Earth on its 23.5° axial tilt and it will begin to tumble around its
axis causing the climate to destabilize forever
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Which would have a more devastating impact on life on Earth? Explain.
Formation of a New Super-continent
Or
Solidification of Earth’s inner core
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Super-continent – May cause extinctions and change weather patterns
Solid Core – Magnetic field around the Earth would break down and solar radiation would destroy all DNA it touched (Much worse fate)
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Compare and contrast “The Big Crunch” and “The Big Freeze”
51The Big FreezeProposes that our universe is open & will continue to expand and lose heat until it is completely dark and everything in the universe is at absolute zero
The Big CrunchProposes that the mass of the universe will eventually overpower its expansion & it will contract back to a singularity similar to the one that brought about the Big Bang. Predicts a closed, oscillatory universe that cycles in/out of existence
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