ЗДРАВСТВУЙТЕHISTORY OF

EMERGENCE OF KHARKOV

LITTLE ABOUT KHARKOVKharkov is a large

center of science and education in Ukraine.

Kharkov is located in the north-eastern part of Ukraine at the junction of small rivers Kharkov and Lopan, 40 km to the south of the border with Russia.

BEGINNING….Archaeologists testify that different peoples lived here: ScythianSarmatian Chernyakhovsky

tribesCumin people.

FOUNDERS…Since the 2nd millennium BC. Bronze Age

 settlements, Scythian kurhans (6th–3rd centuries BC), and Sarmatian relics (2nd–1st centuries BC) have been excavated there.

Relics of the Cherniakhiv culture (2nd–5th centuries AD) have been unearthed in the city, followed by settlements of the Siverianians (8th century); their fortified settlement of Donets (dated from the 10th century) has been excavated nearby.

FOUNDERS…The founders of the city were the Ukrainian Kazaks

and peasants who ran away from the national, religious and social pressure of the Pole landlords of the Dnieper and Western Ukraine.

The land was called “THE WILD FIELD” as it was devastated after the Mongol and Tatar raids.

FOUNDERS…From the 13th to the 17th century the large

territory around present-day Kharkov became wild steppe dominated by the Cumans and then by the Tatars.

From the early 17th century the territory belonged formally to Muscovy.

Networks of fortifications against the Crimean Tatars and the Nogay Tatars—the Belgorod line, the Izium line, and the Ukrainian line—were built and settled, mostly by Ukrainian Cossacks, and non-serf villages

FOUNDERS…The Russian settlers appeared here in the

same time as the Ukrainians.In the result of interaction of two migration

streams: a big one from the West, which was Ukrainian, and the smaller one from the North, which was Russian, the Slobozjanian subculture was formed.

In the XVII-XVIII centuries Slobozjanshchina turned into a special historical and cultural region of Ukraine with a distinctive hue of material and spiritual culture.

FINAL SETTLEMENTThe generally accepted date of Kharkov's founding is

1654/5 when I. Karkach built a fortified settlement on the plateau surrounded by the Kharkov River and the Lopan River.

The fortress had 10 towers and the length more than a kilometer.

For the remaining of the 17th and most of the 18th century Kharkov remained a defensive outpost; the Russian garrison and artisans and merchants lived within the fortress, but most of the Cossack population lived in nearby expanding slobody and engaged in farming, fishing, beekeeping, and barter trade.

The craft people started to settled around the fortress from the very first years of its existence.

The first slobodas (suburbs) such as Goncharovka, Zjuravlevka etc. appeared. 

This fact testified that Kharkov turned from an important border outpost to a CENTER OF CRAFTS AND TRADE.

To the beginning of the XIX century PODOL – the district between the fortress and the river Kharkov – was settled.

When the threat of Crimea and Nogay Tatars raids passed away, the settling stepped over the rivers Lopan and Kharkov.

There were changes in the social life of the city. In 1765 the regiment administrative order was

liquidated. The Slobodsko-Ukrainian governorate was

created instead of sloboda regiments.For a very long time Kharkov belonged to

BIELGOROD EPARCHY. In 1799 the Slobodsko-Ukrainian eparchy

with its center in Kharkov was created.

The Bielgorod Monastery of the Holy

Trinity

Uspensky church is among the first churches which were built in the city.

The erection of it started in 1658. The modern sanctuary was built in the 70-es of the XVIII century.

In 1726, Pokrovsky abbey was founded on the territory of Kharkov fortress.

The Abbey sanctuary is the oldest in Kharkov.

In the XVIII century Kharkov became an educational center.

The Kharkov Collegium became the second in importance in Ukraine after Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.

The opening of one of the oldest in the country and the first in Ukraine Kharkov university on the 17th(29th) of January of 1805 had a huge meaning.

V. N. Karazin became the founder of the university.

The university is a cultural and scientific center. It is famous by its scientists, graduates and

teachers: N. N. Beketov, V. Y. Danilevskiy, H. F. Sumtsov, D. I. Bagaley, and many other coryphées.

For the first time in the Russian Empire the grade of Doctor of History was given to a woman Yefimenko A.Y.

H. F. Sumtsov

N. N. Beketov

V. Y.

Danile

vskiy

The cultural life of the city was full of events.A lot of the streets of the city are named by the

defenders and deliverers of Kharkov: platoon of lieutenant P.N.Shyronin, O.Yarosh and others.

In 1975 the first line of Kharkov metropolitan was opened and there are three of them working now.

Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in 1991 became the culmination of democratic society processes.

It allowed the new state to create the future by itself.During the last years there were held the festivals

“UKRAINIAN TOLOKA”, festivals devoted to the memory of K.I.Shulzjenko, pianist V.Kraynev and others.

The history of the city of Kharkov consists of three and a half centuries of beautiful and tragic events.

The city was accepted to the LEAGUE OF HISTORICAL CITIES. Its development was and is and will be one of the main moments in the life of the whole state of independent Ukraine.

KHARKIV19TH CENTURY

Kharkiv At Night

A Church Of Kharkiv

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