Post on 26-Jul-2020
Egypt: The Old Kingdom
Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared
EGYPT
-stability, predictability
-peace: natural barriers
-unified nation, followed by periods of chaos
-became a major cradle of Western traditions and beliefs
MESOPOTAMIA-violent instability: floods
-wars: nomads vs. farmers
-trade brought new ideas
-outsiders arrived with military and economic power to establish themselves
-became a major cradle of Western traditions and beliefs
Early Dynastic Period c.a. 3100-2700 B.C.
The Old Kingdom c.a. 2700-2200 B.C.
First Intermediate Period c.a. 2200-2050 B.C.
The Middle Kingdom c.a. 2050-1652 B.C.
Second Intermediate Period c.a. 1652-1567 B.C.
The New Kingdom c.a. 1567-1085 B.C.
Post-empire c.a. 1985-30 B.C.
The Nile floodplain
Farming in the Nile floodplain
Felucca boats
Menes conquering Lower Egypt (c.a. 3100 B.C.)
Djoser
Imhotep
Early Pyramids
Dsojer’s stepped pyramid
Tomb for Khufu
The Great Pyramid
Pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu
Queen Pyramids in front
Giza Pyramid Complex
The Pyramid of Meydum The Bent Pyramid
The Great Pyramids of GizaThe Great Pyramids of Giza
Canoptic Jars
Nomes
Nomarch
Decline of Old Decline of Old KingdomKingdom
• Cult of Sun God Ra– Temple building
– Priestly class
• Provincial Nobles– King’s authority declines
First Intermediate PeriodFirst Intermediate Period(2150(2150--2040 BC)2040 BC)
• Drought, raids?– Southern expansion to
Nubia
• Power Struggle for “Two Egypts”?
Signs of FamineSigns of FamineThe End of the Old Kingdom
Title: Musicians and Dancers, fragment of a wall painting from the Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: The British Museum, London. Courtesy of the Trustees
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Map 3.1 Ancient Egypt
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Palette of King Narmer (both sides), from Hierakonpolis.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 3150-3125 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: slate
Size: height 25" (63.5 cm)
Title: Palette of King Narmer (both sides), from Hierakonpolis.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 3150-3125 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: slate
Size: height 25" (63.5 cm)
Title: Group of mastabas (after A. Badawy). 4th Dynasty
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Step Pyramid and Funerary Complex of King Djoser, Saqqara. 3rd Dynasty
Artist: Imhotep
Date: ca. 2681-2662 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Plan of the funerary district of King Djoser, Saqqara (Claire Thorne, after Lloyd and Muller)
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Transverse section of the Step Pyramid of King Djoser, Saqqara
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Papyrus-shaped half-columns, North Palace, Funerary Complex of King Djoser, Saqqara
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: The Pyramids of Menkaure, Khafra, and Khufu, Giza
Artist: n/a
Date: Menkaure, ca. 2533-2515 BCE; Khafre, ca. 2570-2544 BCE; Khufu, ca. 2601-2528 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: North-south section of Pyramid of Khufu (after L. Borchadt)
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Model of the Great Pyramids at Giza: (1) Menkaure, (2) Khafra, (3) Khufu
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: The Great Sphinx, Giza
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2570-2544 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: sandstone
Size: height 65' (19.8 m)
Title: Sculpture of Khafra, from Giza.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2500 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: diorite
Size: height 66" (167.7 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Menkaure and His Wife, Queen Khamerernebty II, from Giza.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2515 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Harvard–Museum of Fine Arts Expedition
Medium: slate
Size: height 54 1/2" (138.4 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Prince Rahotep and his wife, Nofret
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2580 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: painted limestone
Size: height 47 1/4" (120 cm)
Title: Relief Panel of Hesy-ra, from Saqqara.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2660 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: wood
Size: height 45" (114.3 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Seated Scribe, from Saqqara.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2400 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Musée du Louvre, Paris
Medium: limestone
Size: height 21" (53.3 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Ka-Aper, from Saqqara.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2450-2350 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: wood
Size: height approx. 3' 7" (109 cm)
Title: Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt, Tomb of Ti, Saqqara
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 2510-2460 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: painted limestone relief
Size: height approx. 45" (114.3 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Senwosret III (fragment)
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1850 BCE.
Source/ Museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Purchase, Edward S. Harkness Gift, 1926 (26.7.1394)
Medium: quartzite
Size: height 6 1/2" (16.5 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Lady Sennuwy
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1920 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Harvard–Museum of Fine Arts Expedition. Photograph © 2006, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 14.720
Medium: granite
Size: height 67 3/4" (172 cm), depth 45 7/8" (116.5 cm)
Title: Rock-cut Tombs at Beni Hasan, B-H 3-5, 12th Dynasty.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1950-1900 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Interior Hall of Rock-cut Tomb, B-H 2, Beni Hasan. 12 Dynasty.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1950-1900 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Feeding the Oryxes. Detail of a wall painting. Tomb of Khnum-hotep, Beni Hasan
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1928-1895 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Female Figurine, from Thebes.
Artist: n/a
Date: 12th-13th Dynasties.
Source/ Museum: The British Museum, London. Courtesy of the Trustess
Medium: faience
Size: height 3 1/3" (8.5 cm)
Title: Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1478–1458 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Reconstruction of Temples, Deir el-Bahri, with temples of Mentuhotep II, Thutmose III, and Hatshepsut (after a drawing by Andrea Mazzei, Archivio White Star, Vercelli, Italy)
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Kneeling Figure of Queen Hatshepsut, from Deir el-Bahri.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1473-1458 BCE.
Source/ Museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rogers Fund, 1929 (29.3.1)
Medium: red granite
Size: height approx. 8'6" (2.59 m)
Title: Plan of Temple of Amun-Ra, Karnak, Thebes. (after Sir Bannister Fletcher)
Artist: n/a
Date: 15th century BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Hypostyle Hall of Temple of Amun-Ra, Karnak, Thebes.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1290-1224 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Seti I's Campaigns, Temple of Amun at Karnak, Thebes (exterior wall, north side of hypostyle).
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1280 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: sandstone, sunken relief
Size: n/a
Title: Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel. 19th Dynasty.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1279-1213 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Interior Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel. 19th Dynasty.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1279-1213 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Sculpture of Senenmut with Nefrua, from Thebes.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1470-1460 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Aegyptisches Museum, Berlin
Medium: granite
Size: height approx. 3'1/2" (107 cm)
Title: Dancers, fragment from a wall painting from the Tomb of Nebamun,Thebes.
Artist: n/a
Date: 1350 BCE.
Source/ Museum: The British Museum, London. Courtesy of the Trustees
Medium: n/a
Size: height 24" (61 cm)
Title: Mai and His Wife, Urel. Detail of a limestone relief. Tomb of Ramose, Thebes
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1375 BCE.
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a
Title: Sculpture of Akhenaten, from Karnak, Thebes.
Artist: n/a
Date: 1353-1335 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: sandstone
Size: height approx. 13' (3.96 m)
Title: Akhenaten and His Family
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1355 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum
Medium: limestone
Size: 12 3/4 x 15 1/4" (31.1 x 38.7 cm)
Title: Sculpture of Queen Tiy, from Kom Medinet-el-Ghurab.
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1352 BCE.
Source/ Museum: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum
Medium: yew, ebony, glass, silver, gold, lapis lazuli, cloth, clay, and wax
Size: height 3 3/4" (9.4 cm)
Title: Cover of the coffin of Tutankhamen. 18th Dynasty.
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: Egyptian Museum, Cairo
Medium: gold
Size: height 72" (182.9 cm)
Title: The Weighing of the Heart and Judgment of Osiris, from The Book of the Dead Hunefer
Artist: n/a
Date: ca. 1285 BCE.
Source/ Museum: The British Museum, London
Medium: painted papyrus
Size: height 15 5/8" (39.5 cm)
Title: Building Pyramids: Buttressing Technique and Layering Technique
Artist: n/a
Date: n/a
Source/ Museum: n/a
Medium: n/a
Size: n/a