Post on 30-Jun-2015
Age of Discovery
Historical Placement
• Heels of Inquisition
• Peak of Renaissance (1350-1550)
(Black Death 1347-50 first outbreak)
• 1492
• Religion and Trade in the Old world– 1000 of geographic containment
• Contact with Outside world– Introduces West to Eastern goods
• Limited Nature of Contact
Why Exploration?
• Cartography improved over time – Medieval Maps of little use to Sailors– Improvements in techniques and skills– Detailed Maps by end of 15th century
• Navigational Aides– Compass– Astrolabe– Knowledge of known world– Sailing techniques
Portuguese Maritime Empire
• Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)– Mixed motives– Founded school for
navigators– Exploration begins
shortly after 1419
• Probing Africa• Gold• Slaves-1441• Slavery becomes
“common”• 1471 Gold Coast• Ties with African
learers
• Rounding the Horn– Bartolomew Diaz
• 1487
– Vasco da Gama• Brings first cargo from India early 1590s
– Alfonso d’Albuqorque makes Portugal’s Empire
Voyages to the New World
• Columbus– She’s a’ Round-She’s
a Flat– Reaches Hispaniola in
October 1492– Explores Extensively– Dies ignorant of the
“New World”
• State Sponsored Explorers
– John Cabot
– Amerigo Vespucci
– Ferdinand Magellan
Spanish Empire
• New World! Or is it?
• Different
• Vulnerable
• Spanish Conquistadors
• European Superiority
• Hernando Cortez– 600 men– Conquers Aztec Empire in Three Years– Co-opt
• Francisco Pizarro – Conquers Incas
• 30 Years entire western Latin America subdued
• Administration of Spanish New World Empire– Nature of empire– Greed-Social and economic– Ecomienda
• Protection racquet allowed settlers to abuse natives
• Renders a Paternalistic system of government
• Bartolome las Casas– Champion of Indian Rights
– Legend of the Black Death
– 1524 writing influence Isabella and Ferdinand
– Tremendous impact on Africa
Columbian Exchange
• Disease-Most Significant– Hispaniola population of 500,000 to 1 Million– Reduced to 2000 to 500 in fifty years
• Other Diseases– Small pox, measles, influenza– Natives lacked immunities– American Revenge-Syphilis
• Plants and Animals– Cattle and Horses– Vegetable Crops
• Coffee, Corn, Beans, Squash, Potatoes• Massive effect on nutrition in Europe and America• Population of World doubled in three hundred
years
– Tobacco
• Silver and Gold– 35 million pounds of silver– 407,000 pounds of gold– Impact Cannot Be Overestimated!
• Psychological Impact-Immeasurable