Post on 29-Jul-2018
High Power Pulsed Electron
Accelerators
Development for Industrial
Applications
Dr. Archana Sharma
Email : arsharma@apsara.barc.ernet.in
Government of India
BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE
Beam Technology Development Group
Accelerator & Pulse Power Division
Mumbai-400085- INDIA
Expertise of BARC in Pulsed Accelerators
PRESENT STATUS OF KALI-5000 SYSTEM(0.8-1 MV, 80 kA, 60 ns)
1.5 MV, 25kJ MARX GENERATOR 1MV, 5kJ, 100ns CASTOR OIL BLUMLEIN 1 MV SF6 SPARKGAP SWITCH
GENERATION OF INTENSE RELATIVISTICELECTRON BEAMS (REB)
UTILIZATION OF REB for Flash X-Rays, HPM & Neutrons.
Topics Covered
BARC’s EXPERTISE
Since 1970s,Pulse Power Systems have beenIndigenously Developed by APPD, BARC
*KALI-75, 375kV, 2kA, 180ns;*KALI-85, 780kV, 4kA, 60ns; *KALI-200, 300kV, 15kA, 60ns; *KALI-1000, 300kV, 20kA, 100ns, *KALI-5000, tested up to 600kV, 40 GW, 100ns,
LIA-200, 200kV, 5kA, 100ns, 10-100Hz under commissioning
To make the system compact and repetitive, Consistent efforts are being made.
1
10
100
1000
10000
1970- 1980- 1990- 2000-
KALI-75
KALI-200
KALI-1k
KALI-5k
* KALI: Kilo- Ampere Linear Injector
Schematic of KALI-5000
Pulsed Accelerator
1MeV electron beam pulse
Photograph of the
KALI-5000 PULSED Accelerator
(0.8-1MV, 80kA, 100ns, 5kJ)
KALI-5000 SYSTEM (0.8-1MV, 40kA, 100ns, 40GW)
MARX
GENERATOR
Vacuum
System
Diode end
Blumlein
HVDC
Supply
SF6gas
Roots
Pump
Principle of Marx Generator
R
(b ) EQ U IVA LEN T C IR C U IT
NC o
LR
CH
AR
GIN
G
PO
WE
R
SU
PP
LY
L S
S
TR IG
B
R B 1
1
1SC 1
C
(c) O U TPU T PU LSE SH A PE
t
R L
Vo
B 3
S
B
B 2
2
R
S2
S
C 2
SC
B 3
C
3
3
C S
N
B NR
NSC
SC
RCV R A 1 A 1 A 3A 2 A 2 R A 3 A NR
(a) SC H EM A TIC C IR C U IT O F M A R X G EN ER A TO R
Operation of ± Marx Generator
SSSS
CCC
CCC
RRR
RRR
RRR
S
CC
G
A
G15
B
15
B15
28 30
29
A15
27
G14
MODULE-5
G13
25
A13 A14A
GR
5C
G3
14
26
B14
13
B13
6
B
3
R
4
B3
2
B2
G2
R
R
3C
G1
RA2
R
a
1C
RR
+50kV
HVDC
CHARGING
POWER
SUPPLY
CH+
A) WHILE CHARGING :
2
TRIG.S1
B1R
TRIG.
R-50kV CH-
GND
A3
R
MODULE-1
Operation of ± Marx Generator
S
B) WHILE DISCHARGING :
V-PROBE
10Ω
LR
1 2 S 3
S 4 S 5 S 6
12C11C10C9C8C7C
6C5C4C3C2C1C
S
C 25 C 26 C 27 C 28 C 29 C 30
15S14S13S
FIRST MODULE
SECOND MODULE
FIFTH MODULE
Assembly of Marx Modules
SPARK GAP
PERSPEX SHEET
PLASTIC
CAPACITO RS0.7m F, 50kV
PERSPEX
CLAM P
SUPPO RT TROLLEY
FO R M O DULES
CHARG ING
RESISTORS
M ARX GENERATOR FOR KALI-5000
NYLON RO D
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE FIRST MARX MODULE
(END VIEW)
Photograph of the
Assembled Marx Modules
1.5MV, 25kJ
PULSE FORMING LINE
(PFL)
Inner electrode
cV cR
Outer electrodeZo
LOAD
S
V 1
2o=
Dielectric Medium
Vc
THREE ELECTRODE CO-AXIAL BLUMLEIN
LENGTH-L
23R2
E Z
FAST
SPARKGAP
OUTER
CYLINDER
εrεr
E Z 12
INTERMEDIATE
CYLINDER
INNER
CYLINDER
-1MV
100ns
02312
0L
MATCHED LOAD
Z = 2 ZWHERE Z = Z =Z
CHARGING
INDUCTOR
V
500ns0
-1MV
From High
Voltage Pulse
Generator
R1
DESIGN EQUATIONS OF PFN MODULE
Characteristics Impedance, ZOM = (L /C )1/2
Pulse,TOM = 2n (LC )1/2
Rise Time, tr = 0.3 (LC)1/2
Energy, EM = ½ nC (VC)2
Output Voltage, VOM = ½ VC
2-electrode PFN
End View of The Blumlein
Sparkgap and
Prepulse Inductor
PULSE Generator
(Marx/Tesla Transformer)
Results of KALI-5000
Scale: 20kA/div.,
20ns/division
Scale: 200kV/div,
500ns/division
High VoltagePulse Forming Line
Water/oil filled
H.V.Switch
(spark gaps-
N2/SF6 filled)
REB diode/
e-GUN
Marx Output
Peak Voltage =
600kV.
Charging time =
500ns.
E- Beam current
Imax = 71kA at
600kV.
FWHM = 100ns.
Relativistic Electron Beam
REB Generation
VA CUU M
PULSE
POW ER
SYSTEM
CATHOD ESOLINOID
C OILS
FO IL
AN ODE
INSU LATO R ELECTRO N
BEAM
BEAM TRAN SPORT
R EGIO N
FO
ILA
NO
DE
CA
TH
OD
E
EL
EC
TR
ON
B
EA
M EX
PA
ND
ING
AN
OD
E P
LA
SM
A
DIODE GAP
EX
PA
ND
ING
C
AT
HO
DE
PL
AS
MA
Virtual Cathode Oscillator
(VIRCATOR)
VIRTUAL CATHODE
CATHODE
PULSE
POW ER
SYSTEM
VACUUM
W INDOW
HPM
ANODE
VACUUM
HPM weapons offer military commanders the option of:
(i) Speed-of-light, all-weather attack of enemy electronic systems(ii) Area coverage of multiple targets with minimal prior information
on threat characteristics(iii) Surgical strike (damage, disrupt, degrade) at selected levels of combat(iv) Minimum collateral damage in politically sensitive environments(v) Simplified pointing and tracking(vi) Low operating costs
~ 1GW
Backward Wave Oscillator
BWO-HPM device
V A C U U M
A N O D E
H P M
V A C U U M
W IN D O W
P U LSE P O W ER
S Y STEM
C A T H O D E
M A G N E T IC FIE L D
C O IL S
M A G N E T IC F IE L D
C O IL S
SL O W W A V E ST R U C T U R E
SL O W W A V E ST R U C T U R E
5 MWEfficiency: 20%
TARGET
Beam Plasma Device
For HPM generation
TARGET
ANODE
PLASMACATHODE
PULSE
POWER
SYSTEM
VACUUM
WINDOW
HPM
VACUUM
Wide BW~100GHz, Low Efficiency
Flash X-Rays
For a successful dynamic radiography,
(i) If higher the velocity of the moving object, smaller duration of the X-ray flash will be needed.
(ii) Blurr produced on the stop motion radiography = VxTfor an object moving with velocity ‘V’ & X-ray pulse duration ‘T’
8R/pulse
FLASH X-Ray Generation
INSULATOR BODY
CATHODEVACUUM
ANODE
X-RAY FLASH PROFILE
PULSE
POWER
SYSTEM
INSULATOR BODY
INPUT PULSECATHODE
X
Y
SECTION AT X -Y
ANODE
APPLICATIONs of FXR:(i) Radiography of radioactive sources:
8Ci Ir-192 source radiographed (KALI-200)(ii) Imaging the impact of projectile in or on a target,(iii) Imaging an explosively driven object during acceleration(iv) Observing the mechanics of detonation
Flash X-Ray Generation
Flash X-ray from KALI-75 Normal X- ray Photograph of water drops
VACUUM
ANODE
PULSE
POWER
SYSTEM
CATHODE
VIRTUAL
CATHODE
IONS
e_
IONS
CROSS MAGNETIC
FIELDION SOURSE
Collective Ion Collective Ion AcceleraionAcceleraion
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
AN ELECTRON BEAM OF 600kV, 70kA, 100ns has been produced.
HPM ~1GW POWER, for shielding applications.
FLASH X-RAYs for deeper & faster radiographyION IMPLANTATION
for various Industrial Applications
THANKTHANK YOUYOU