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DEVELOPMENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
121. S. Sideman, R. Beyar and A.G. Kleber (eds): Cardiac Electrophysiology, Circulation, and Transport. Proceedings of the 7th Henry Goldberg Workshop (Berne, Switzerland, 1990). 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1145-0.
122. D.M. Bers: Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1186-8.
123. A.-M. Salmasi and A.N. Nicolaides (eds): Occult Atherosclerotic Disease. Diagnosis, Assessment and Management. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1188-4.
124. JA.E. Spaan: Coronary Blood Flow. Mechanics, Distribution, and Control. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1210-4.
125. R.W. Stout (ed): Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1310-0. 126. A.G. Herman (ed): Antithrombotics. Pathophysiological Rationale for Pharmacological
Interventions. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1413-1. 127. N. H.J. Pijls: Maximal Myocardial Perfusion as a Measure of the Functional Significance of
Coronary Arteriogram. From a Pathoanatomic to a Pathophysiologic Interpretation of the Coronary Arteriogram. 1991. ISBN 0-7923-1430-1.
128. JH.C. Reiber and E.E. v.d. Wall (cds): Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine and MRI. Quantitation and Clinical Applications. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1467-0.
129. E. Andries, P. Brugada and R. Stroobrandt (eds): How to Face "the Faces" of Cardiac Pacing. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1528-6.
130. M. Nagano, S. Mochizuki and N.S. Dhalla (eds): Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1554-5.
131. P. W. Serruys, B.H. Strauss and S.B. King III (cds): Restenosis after Intervention with New Mechanical Devices. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1555-3.
132. P.J. Walter (cd): Quality of Life after Open Heart Surgery. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1580-4. 133. E.E. van der Wall, H. Sochor, A. Righetti and M.G. Niemeyer (cds): What is new in
Cardiac Imaging? SPECT, PET and MRI. 1992. ISBN 0-7923-1615-0. 134. P. Hanrath, R. Uebis and W. Krebs (cds); Cardiovascular Imaging by Ultrasound. 1992.
ISBN 0-7923-1755-6. 135. F.H. Messerli (cd): Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, 3rd cd. 1<)<)2. ISBN 0-7923-1859-
5. 136. J. Hess and G.R. Sutherland (eds): Congenital Heart Disease in Adolescents and Adults.
1992. ISBN 0-7923-1862-5. 137. JH.C. Reiber and P. W. Serruys (cds): Advances in Quantitative Coronary Arteriography.
1993. ISBN 0-7923-1863-3. 138. A.-M. Salmasi and AS Iskandrian (cds): Cardiac Output and Regional Flow in Health and
Disease. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-1911-7. 139. JH. Kingma, N.M van Hemel and K.l. Lie (eds): Atrial Fibrillation, a Treatable Disease'
1992. ISBN 0-7923-2008-5. 140. B. Ostadal, N.S. Dhalla (cds): Heart Function in Health and Disease. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-
2052-2. 141. D. Noble and Y.E. Earm (eds): IOllic Challlle/s and Effect ~r Taurine on the Heart. Proceedings
of an International Symposium (Seoul, Korea, 1992). 1993. ISBN 0-7923-2199-5. 142. H.M. Piper and C.J. Preusse (eds): Ischemia-reperfusion in Cardiac Surgery. 1993. ISBN 0-
7923-2241-X. 143. J Roelandt, E.J. Gussenhoven and N. Born (cds): Intravascular Ultrasound. 1993. IBN 0-
7923-2301-7. 144. M.E. Safar and M.F. O'Rourke (cds): The Arterial System in Hypertensioll. 1993. ISBN 0-
7923-2343-2. 145. P.W. Serruys, D.P. Foley and P.J. de Feyter (cds): Qualltitative Corolwry AllgioJ?raphy ill
Clillical Practice. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-2368-8. 146. J Can dell-Riera and D. Ortega-Alcalde (eds): Nuclear Cardiology ill Everyday Practice. 1993.
ISBN 0-7923-2374-2. 147. P. Cummins (ed): Growth Factors alld the Cardiovascular System. 1993. ISBN 7923-2401-3. 148. K. Przyklenk, R.A. Kloner and D.M. Yellon (cds): Ischemic Precollditioning: The CO/lCept oj
Endogenous Cardioprotectioll. 1993. ISBN 0-7923-2410-2.
HEART HYPERTROPHY AND FAILURE
Edited by NARANJAN S. DHALLA Distinguished Professor
GRANT N. PIERCE Professor
VINCENZO PANAGIA Professor
ROBERT E. BEAMISH Professor Emeritus
MRC Group in Experimental Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Sciences SI. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Cmzada
~.
" KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
BOSTON IDORDRECHT ILONDON
Distributors for North America: Kluwer Academic Puhlishers 101 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 USA
Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Puhlishers Group Distribution Centre Post Office Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CI.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8526-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1237-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-1237-6
Copyright © 1995 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, Massachusetts 02061
Printed on acid-free paper.
Henry G. Friesen, M.D., Ottawa, Canada
This book is dedicated to Dr. Henry G. Friesen, President, Medical Research
Council of Canada, for his untiring efforts in the promotion of health
research In general and cardiovascular research in particular throughout
Canada. The Division of Cardiovascular Sciences at the St. Boniface General
Hospital Research Centre is indebted to Dr. Friesen for his enthusiastic
support, advice, and leadership, which he provided during his tenure at the
University of Manitoba.
CONTENTS
List of contributors Xl
Preface xxxv
Acknowledgments XXXVll
A. GENETIC AND MOLECULAR EVENTS
1. Molecular analysis of genotype/phenotype correlations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 3 ROBERT ROBERTS, LINDA BACHINSKI, QUN-TAO YU, MIGUEL QUINONES,
ROBERT YOUNG, and ALI J. MARIAN
2. Molecular genetics: New mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 21 CALUM A. MACRAE, LUDWIG H. THEIRFELDER, HUGH C. WATKINS, RYUCHIRO ANAN,
J.G. SEIDMAN, and CHRISTINE E. SEIDMAN
3. Genetically determined cardiomyopathies in neuromuscular disease 27
KLAUS WROGEMANN
4. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and heart failure 39 TAKA YUKI OZAWA, KAZUMI KATSUMATA, MIKA HAYAKAWA, MAKOTO YONEDA,
MASASHI TANAKA, and SATORU SUGIYAMA
5. Mutations of myocardial mitochondrial DNA in diabetic patients 59 NOBUAKIRA TAKEDA, AKIRA TANAMURA, TAKAAKI IWAI, YUUSAKU HAYASHI, and SATOKO NOMURA
viii Contents
6. Differential screening and mega sequencing of human heart eDNA library: A search for genes associated with heart failure 67
CHOONG-CHIN LIEW, RUOXIANG WANG, EVA CUKERMAN, and BAOSHENG CHEN
7. Intracellular signaling and genetic reprogramming during development of hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes 79 HAN A.A. VAN HEUGTEN, HENRIETTE W. DE JONGE, MIRIAM A. GOEDBLOED,
KAREL BEZSTAROSTI, HARI S. SHARMA, PIETER D. VERDOUW, and JOS M.J. LAMERS
8. Phenotypic changes in experimental cardiac hypertrophy and failure in rclation to changes in heart rate variability 93 BERNARD SWYNGHEDAUW, FRANt;OIS CARRE, PASCALE MANSIER, BRIGITTE CHEVALIER,
CHRISTOPHE HEYMES, NATHALIE CHARLOTTE, JEAN-MARIEC MOALIC, and DANIELE CHARLEMAGNE
9. Relationship between myocardial function and expression of calcium cycling proteins in nonfailing and failing human myocardium 103
GERD HASENFUSS, HANS REINECKE, ROLAND STUDER, BURKERT PIESKE, MARKUS MEYER,
JURGEN HOLTZ, CHRISTIAN HOLUBARSCH, HELMUT DREXLER, and HANJORG JUST
10. Cardiac remodeling by alterations in phospholamban protein levels 117
WUSHENG LUO, EVA KISS, KIMBERLY L. KOSS, INGRID I.. GRUPP, JUDY M. HARRER,
W. KEITH JONES, ISTVAN EDES, and EVANGELIA G. KRANIAS
11. Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 139
DEBRA BAKER, MASASHI ARAI, HIRO MATSUI, DREW SUKOVICH, JUNAID SHABBEER,
VRUSHANK DAVE, RICHARD A. WALSH, and MUTHU PERIASAMY
12. Hormonal regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase expression 155 ANGEL ZARAIN-HERZBERG
B. CELLULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS
13. Growth of the neonatal pig heart 171 CA THY J. BEINLICH and HOWARD E. MORGAN
14. Regulation of cardiac myocyte differentiation, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy during normal and stressed fetal and neonatal growth 183
SANFORD P. BISHOP
15. Rat heterotopic cardiac isograft model: What atrophy teaches us about hypertrophy 197
PETER M. BUTTRICK, DAVID I.. GEENEN, ASHWANI MALHOTRA, and JAMES SCHEUER
16. Myocardial cell abnormalities in heart failure: Experience from studies on single myocytes 205 CRISPIN H. DAVIES, LESLEY A. BROWN, FEDERICA DEL MONTE,
PHILIP A. POOLE-WILSON, and SIAN E. HARDING
17. Depression of sarcolemmal phospholipase C activity in congestive heart failure 221 VINCENZO PANAGIA, JOHANNA T.A. MEIJ, NASRIN MESAELI, ROHIT K. SINGAL,
and NARANJAN s. DHALLA
Contents ix
18. Docs decreased energy supply contribute to heart failure? The role of the creatine kinase system 231
JOANNE S. INGWALL, JAN FRIEDRICH, and LUIGINO NASCIMBEN
19. Molecular basis for depressed contractile performance in human heart failure 241
NORMAN R. ALPERT, LOUIS A. MULIERI, and GERD HASENFUSS
20. Cellular adaptations in hypertrophy and heart failure 257 K.G. NAIR
21. Progressive ventricular dilatation in heart failure: The role of myocardial collagenase 261 JOSEPH S. JANICKI, SURESH C. TYAGI, SCOTT E. CAMPBELL,
HANUMANTH K. REDDY, and JEFFREY R. HENEGAR
22. Interaction between cardiac myocytes and the extracellular matrix in failing human myocardium 275
JUTTA SCHAPER, HANKE MOLLNAU, STEFAN HEIN, and BRIGITTE MUNKEL
23. Role of transforming growth factor betal in the remodeling of collagen matrix in the heart 287 MAHBOUBEH EGHBALI-WEBB and ANDREAS SIGEL
24. Cytokines modulate the expression of specific proteins of the contractile apparatus in rat myocytes 299
STIG HAUNS0, STEPHEN J. FEY, GITTE STAWSKI, ULLA ANDRUP JENSEN,
J0RN CARLSEN, PETER RIIS HANSEN, and PETER MOSE LARSEN
C. SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ABNORMALITIES
25. Rethinking ras: p21 ras proteins and cardiac signal transduction 311 MAHA ABDELLATIF and MICHAEL D. SCHNEIDER
26. Regulation of uMHC gene expression by cAMP 333 MAHESH P. GUPTA, MADHU GUPTA, and RADOVAN ZAK
27. Cardiac hypertrophy and the renin-angiotensin system 347 YOSHIO YAZAKI, ISSEI KOMURO, TSUTOMU YAMAZAKI, ICHIRO SHIOJIMA, and RYOZO NAGAI
28. Stimulation of p-adrenoceptor subtypes causes different effects in cardiac cells 359 RUI-PING XIAO and EDWARD G. LAKATTA
29. Significance of adrenergic stimuli for cardiac remodeling under chronic overload: Relative importance of myocardial factors versus ventricular geometry in cardiac failure 381 MARIAN BRANDLE, BERNHARD DIERBERGER, GERHARD MALL, and RUTHARDJACOB
30. Sympathetic neuroeffector mechanisms in the failing and hypertrophied myocardium 403 MICHAEL BOHM
x Contents
31. Status of post adrenergic receptor mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure 419
RAJAT SETHI, KEN S. DHALLA, VINCENZO PANAGIA, and NARANJAN s. DHALLA
32. Role of protein kinase C in the development of non -insulin-dependent diabetic cardiomyopathy 447
STEPHEN SCHAFFER, CHERRY BALLARD, and ARIN BHATTACHARJEE
33. The alteration of signal transduction system in heart failure: reninangiotensin system in diseased human heart 463 HIDEAKI KAWAGUCHI and AKIRA KITABATAKE
34. Neuroendocrine mechanisms in the pathogenesis of heart failure 475
KURT KOCHSIEK
35. Neurohormonal responses in congestive heart failure: effect of ACE inhibitors in randomized controlled clinical trials 487 INDER S. ANAND and Y. CHANDRASHEKHAR
Subject index 503
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Maha Abdellatif Molecular Cardiology Unit One Baylor Plaza, Room 506C Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX 77030 USA
Norman R. Alpert Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT 05405 USA
R yuchiro Anan Departments of Genetics and Cardiology Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
xii List of contributors
Inder S. Anand University of Minnesota Medical School V A Medical Center 1I1C One Veterans Drive Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA
Masashi Arai Gunma University School of Medicine Second Department of Internal Medicine Showa-Machi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
Linda Bachinski Division of Cardiology Baylor College of Medicine 6550 Fannin, MS SM677 Houston, TX 77030 USA
Debra Baker Molecular Cardiology Laboratory Division of Cardiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 231 Bethesda Avenue, P.O. Box 670542 Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
Cherry Ballard University of South Alabama School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology MSB 3130 Mobile, AL 36688-0002 USA
Cathy J. Beinlich Weis Center for Research Geisinger Clinic Danville, P A 17822-2619 USA
Karel Bezstarosti Department of Biochemistry Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
Arin Bhattacharjee University of South Alabama School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology MSB 3130 Mobile, AL 36688-0002 USA
Sanford P. Bishop Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham 1670 University Boulevard Birmingham, AL 35294-0019 USA
Michael Bahm Klinik III fUr Innere Medizin Universitat zu Kaln Joseph-Stelzmann Str. 9 50924 Kaln Germany
Marian Brandle Physiologisches Institut II Universitat Tiibingen Gmclinstraf3e 5 72076 Tiibingen Germany
Lesley A. Brown Department of Cardiac Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute Dovehouse Street London SW3 6L 7 United Kingdom
List of contributors xiii
xiv List of contributors
Peter M. Buttrick Division of Cardiology Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Scott E. Campbell Department of Internal Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri One Hospital Drive Columbia, MO 65212 USA
J 0rn Carlsen Department of Medicine B, 2142 Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen 9 Blegdamsvej DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 Denmark
Fran~ois Carre Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Rennes 2 avenue du Prof. Leon Bernard 35043 Rennes France
Y. Chandrashekar University of Minnesota Medical School V A Medical Center mc One Veterans Drive Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA
Daniele Charlemagne U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisiere 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Nathalie Charlotte U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisiere 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Baosheng Chen Institute of Basic Medical Sciences The Chinese Academy of Medical Science Beijing P.R. China
Brigitte Chevalier U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisicre 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Eva Cukerman Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Toronto 100 College Street Toronto, ON M5G lL5 Canada
Vrushank Dave Molecular Cardiology Laboratory Division of Cardiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 231 Bethesda Avenue, P.O. Box 670542 Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
Crispin H. Davies Department of Cardiac Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute Dovehouse Street London SW3 6L7 United Kingdom
List of contributors xv
xvi List of contributors
Henriette W. de J onge Department of Biochemistry Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
Federica del Monte Department of Cardiac Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute Dovehouse Street London SW3 6L7 United Kingdom
Ken S. Dhalla Division of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6 Canada
Naranjan S. DhaJla Division of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6 Canada
Bernhard Dierberger Physiologisches Institut II Universitat Tiibingen Gmelinstra!3e 5 72076 Tiibingen Germany
Helmut Drexler Universitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Istvan Edes Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Mahboubeh Eghbali-Webb Department of Anesthesiology Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street P.O. Box 3333 New Haven, CT 06510 USA
Stephen J. Fey Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology The Bartholin Building University of Aarhus DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
J an Friedrich NMR Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry Department of Medicine Brigham & Women's Hospital 221 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
David L. Geenen Division of Cardiology Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Miriam A. Goedbloed Thoraxcentre Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
List of contributors xvii
xviii List of contributors
Ingrid L. Grupp Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Madhu Gupta Department of Medicine, MC 5105 University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Mahesh P. Gupta Department of Medicine, MC 5105 University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Peter Riis Hansen Department of Medicine B, 2142 Rigshospitalct University of Copenhagen 9 Blegdamsvej DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 Denmark
Sian E. Harding Department of Cardiac Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute Dovehouse Street London SW3 6L Y United Kingdom
Judy M. Harrer Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Gerd Hasenfuss Universitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Stig Hauns0 Department of Medicine B, 2142 Rigshos pita let University of Copenhagen 9 Blegdamsvej DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 Denmark
Mika Hayakawa Department of Biomedical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Nagoya 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan
Yuusaku Hayashi Department of Internal Medicine Aoto Hospital Jikei University School of Medicine Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125 Japan
Stefan Hein Max-Planck-Institute Department of Experimental Cardiology Benekestrasse 2 D-61231 Bad Nauheim Germany
Jeffrey R. Henegar Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849-5519 USA
List of contributors xix
xx List of contributors
Christophe Heymes U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisiere 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Jiirgen Holtz Institut fiir Pathophysiologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Magdeburgerstrasse 6 06112 Halle/Saale Germany
Christian Holubarsch U niversitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Joanne S. Ingwall NMR Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry Department of Medicine Brigham & Women's Hospital 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA 02115 USA
Takaaki Iwai Department of Internal Medicine Aoto Hospital Jikei University School of Medicine Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125 Japan
Ruthard Jacob Physiologisches Institut II Universitat Tiibingen Gmelinstra~e 5 72076 Tiibingen Germany
Joseph S. Janicki Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 106 Greene Hall Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849-5519 USA
Ulla Andrup Jensen Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology The Bartholin Building Univesity of Aarhus DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
W. Keith Jones Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Hanjorg Just U niversitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Kazumi Katsumata Department of Biomedical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Nagoya 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan
Hideaki Kawaguchi Department of Laboratory Medicine Hokkaido University School of Medicine Sapporo 060 Japan
List of contributors xxi
xxii List of contributors
Eva Kiss Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Akira Kitabatake Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pathology Hokkaido University School of Medicine Sapporo 060 Japan
Kurt Kochsiek Department of Internal Medicine University of Wurzburg Josef-Schneider-Str. 2 D-97080 Wurzburg Germany
Issei Komuro Internal Medicine III University of Tokyo Tokyo 113 Japan
Kimberly L. Koss Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Univesity of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
Evangelia G. Kranias Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Edward G. Lakatta Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science Gerontology Research Center 4940 Eastern A venue Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
Jos M.J. Lamers Department of Biochemistry Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
Peter Mose Larsen Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology The Bartholin Building University of Aarhus DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
Choong-Chin Liew Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Toronto 100 College Street Toronto, ON M5G 1L5 Canada
Wusheng Luo Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine P.O. Box 670575 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575 USA
Calum A. MacRae Departments of Genetics and Cardiology Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
Ashwani Malhotra Division of Cardiology Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467 USA
List of contributors xxiii
xxiv List of contributors
Gerhard Mall Pathologisches Institut Stadtischc Krankenanstalten Grafenstra~e 9 64283 Darmstadt Germany
Pascale Mansier U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisiere 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Ali J. Marian Division of Cardiology Baylor College of Medicine 6550 Fannin, MS SM677 Houston, TX 77030 USA
Hiro Matsui Department of Bioclimatology Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University 4546 Tsuru Mibaru Beppu, Oita 874 Japan
Johanna T.A. Meij Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, TX 75235-9041 USA
Nasrin Mesaeli Department of Biochemistry University of Alberta 417 Heritage Medical Research Centre Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2 Canada
Markus Meyer Universitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Jean-Marie Moalic U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisiere 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Hanke Mollnau Max-Planck-Institute Department of Experimental Cardiology Benekestrasse 2 0-61231 Bad Nauheim Germany
Howard E. Morgan W cis Center for Research Geisinger Clinic Danville, P A 17822-2600 USA
Louis A. Mulieri Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT 05405 USA
Brigitte Miinkcl Max-Planck-Institute Department of Experimental Cardiology Benekestrasse 2 0-61231 Bad Nauheim Germany
Ryozo Nagai Internal Medicine III University of Tokyo Tokyo 113 Japan
List of contributors xxv
xxvi List of contributors
K.G. Nair 206 Doctors House Opp. Jaslok Hospital Pedder Road Bombay 400 026 India
Luigino Nascimben NMR Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry Department of Medicine Brigham & Women's Hospital 221 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA 02115 USA
Satoko Nomura Department of Internal Medicine Aoto Hospital Jikei University School of Medicine Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125 Japan
Takayuki Ozawa Department of Biomedical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Nagoya 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan
Vincenzo Panagia Division of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6 Canada
Muthu Periasamy Molecular Cardiology Laboratory Division of Cardiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 231 Bethesa Avenue, P.O. Box 670542 Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
Burkert Pieske Universitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Philip A. Poole-Wilson Department of Cardiac Medicine National Heart and Lung Institute Dovehouse Street London SW3 6L Y United Kingdom
Miguel Quinones Division of Cardiology Baylor College of Medicine 6550 Fannin, MS SM677 Houston, TX 77030 USA
Hanumanth K. Reddy
List of contributors xxvii
Department of Internal Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri One Hospital Drive Columbia, MO 65212 USA
Hans Reinecke U niversitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Robert Roberts Division of Cardiology Baylor College of Medicine 6550 Fannin, MS SM677 Houston, TX 77030 USA
xxviii List of contributors
Stephen Schaffer University of South Alabama School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology MSB 3130 Mobile, AL 36688-0002 USA
Jutta Schaper Max-Planck-Institute Department of Experimental Cardiology Benekestrasse 2 0-61231 Bad Nauheim Germany
James Scheuer Division of Cardiology Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467 USA
Michael D. Schneider Molecular Cardiology Unit One Baylor Plaza, Room 506C Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX 77030 USA
Christine E. Seidman Departments of Genetics and Cardiology Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
J. G. Seidman Departments of Genetics and Cardiology Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
Rajat Sethi National Research Council (NRC) Institute for Biodiagnostics 435 Ellice A venue Winnipeg, MB R3B 1Y6 Canada
Junaid Shabbeer Molecular Cardiology Laboratory Division of Cardiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 231 Bethesda Avenue, P.O. Bo 670542 Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
Hari S. Sharma Department of Pharmacology Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
Ichiro Shiojima Internal Medicine III University of Tokyo Tokyo 113 Japan
Andreas Sigel Department of Anesthesiology Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street P.O. Box 3333 New Haven, CT 06510 USA
Rohit K. Sin gal Division of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6 Canada
List of contributors xxix
xxx List of contributors
Gitte Stawski Department of Medicine B, 2142 Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen 9 Blegdamsvej DK-2100 Copenhagen 0 Denmark
Roland Studer Universitat Freiburg Medizinische Klinik III Hugstetter Strasse 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Satoru Sugiyama Department of Biomedical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Nagoya 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan
Drew Sukovich Dupont Merck Pharmaceutical P.O. Box 80400 Wilmington, DE 19880-0400 USA
Bernard Swynghedauw U 127-INSERM Hopital Lariboisiere 41 Bd de la Chapelle 75010 Paris France
Nobuakira Takeda Department of Internal Medicine Aoto Hospital Jikei University School of Medicine Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125 Japan
Masashi Tanaka Department of Biomedical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Nagoya 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan
Akira Tanamura Department of Internal Medicine Aoto Hospital Jikei University School of Medicine Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125 Japan
Ludwig H. Theirfelder Departments of Genetics and Cardiology Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
Suresh C. Tyagi
List of contributors xxxi
Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
University of Missouri One Hospital Drive Columbia, MO 65212 USA
Han A.A. van Heugten Department of Biochemistry Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
xxxii List of contributors
Pieter D. Verdouw Thoraxcentre Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam P.O. Box 1738 3000 DR Rotterdam The Netherlands
Richard A. Walsh Molecular Cardiology Laboratory Division of Cardiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 231 Bethesda Avenue, P.O. Box 670542 Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
Ruoxiang Wang Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Toronto 100 College Street Toronto, ON M5G lL5 Canada
Hugh C. Watkins Departments of Genetics and Cardiology Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood A venue Boston, MA 02115 USA
Klaus Wrogemann Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Manitoba 302 Basic Medical Sciences Building 730 William Avenue Winnipeg, MB R3E OW3 Canada
Rui-Ping Xiao Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science Gerontology Research Center 4940 Eastern A venue Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
Tsutomu Yamazaki Internal Medicine III University of Tokyo Tokyo 113 Japan
Y oshio Yazaki Internal Medicine III University of Tokyo Tokyo 113 Japan
Makoto Y oneda Department of Biomedical Chemistry Faculty of Medicine University of Nagoya 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466 Japan
Robert Young Grace General Hospital 241 LeMarchant Road St. John's, NF AlE 1 pg Canada
Qun-Tao Yu Division of Cardiology Baylor College of Medicine 6550 Fannin, MS SM677 Houston, TX 77030 USA
Radovan Zak Department of Medicine, MC 5105 University of Chicago 5841 S. Maryland Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Angel Zarain-Herzberg Division of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Avenue Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6 Canada
List of contributors xxxiii
PREFACE
In recent years the reciprocal relationship between cardiac hypertrophy and the development of heart failure has become increasingly clear. But it was not always so. Many of the signs and symptoms of heart failure were described in ancient Egyptian records but were not attributed to the heart until after Harvey discovered the circulation in 1628. The significance of cardiac hypertrophy was slowly appreciated only after Richard Bright described it in renal disease near the mid-17th century. The reason for this delayed recognition was that the effects of heart failure so often manifested in congested lungs and liver, and swollen abdomen and legs, organs remote from the heart, which was not readily identified as the culprit. Today all this has changed, and it is everywhere accepted that when the heart is challenged with an increased workload over a sufficiently long period, it responds by increasing its muscle mass, a phenomenon known as cardiac hypertrophy.
All life adapts to changes in its environment and the heart is no exception. It responds to pressure overload (hypertension), volume overload (valvular disease), loss of muscle (cardiac infarction), muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), and various hormone and metabolic influences by the compensatory process of hypertrophy. At first this is beneficial, and it enables the heart to satisfy an increased demand. However, when the demand is excessive or continues too long, compensatory mechanisms weaken and deteriorate, eventually ending as heart failure. In addition, there is an activation of the sympathetic nervous system as well as of the renin-angiotensin system, and it is generally held that
xxxvi Preface
these mechanisms are beneficial at initial stages but may playa deleterious role in the genesis of cardiac dysfunction if left unattended. Not only do cardiomyocyte abnormalities become apparent in the failing heart, but a loss of responses to adrenergic stimuli involving postreceptor events (signal transduction) is also a major problem.
The mechanisms of transition from compensatory cardiac hypertrophy to
heart failure are many and complex and, as yet, imperfectly understood. At the organ level there is increased muscle mass and an effort to preserve its energy level and contractile strength, but the indispensable underlying changes are at the molecular level. These changes consist of remodeling of subcellular organelles, including extracellular matrix, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and myofibrils. However, the exact signals at the molecular level that result in restructuring of subcellular organelles during the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure remain to be discovered. Further progress in understanding the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and failure, with consequent improvement in the prevention and treatment of heart failure, requires increased knowledge of the nature and behavior of these fundamental processes.
In an effort to meet the challenge of increasing incidence of heart failure, the International Conference on Heart Failure was held in Winnipeg, Canada on May 20-23, 1994. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together leading basic scientists and clinicians to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiology and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This resulted in a synthesis of state-of-the-art information of molecular biology, cellular physiology, and structure-function relationships in the cardiovascular system in health and disease. We present here some selected papers that describe fundamental mechanisms underlying changes in the cellular machinery during the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. These chapters have been organized in three sections, (A) Genetic and Molecular Events, (B) Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms, and (C) Signal Transduction Abnormalities. We hope that both students and scientists, as well as clinical and experimental cardiologists, will find this book helpful in understanding and managing the perplexing problems of hypertrophy and failure.
Naranjan S. Dhalla Grant N. Pierce
Vincenzo Panagia Robert E. Beamish
Winnipeg, Canada
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our cordial thanks go to Professor Makoto Nagano for his successful promotion of collaboration of the Japanese Working Group on Cardiac Structure and Metabolism with the International Conference on Heart Failure. The efforts of Dr. Nobuakira Takeda in securing financial support from Japan are gratefully acknowledged. The help of Susan Zettler in the preparation of this book is highly appreciated. Special thanks are due to Mr. Jeffrey Smith and Ms. Melissa Welch and their editorial staff at Kluwer Academic Publishers for their patience, interest, and hard work in assembling this volume. We are grateful to the following institutions and corporations for their generous donations in support of the International Conference on Heart Failure, Winnipeg, Canada (May 2()-23, 1994) as well as publication of this book:
A. Institutions
St. Boniface General Hospital Research Foundation Heart & Stroke Foundation of Manitoba Thomas Sill Foundation Health Sciences Centre Research Foundation Medical Research Council of Canada Department of Cardiology, St. Boniface General Hospital Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba The Paul H. T. ThorIakson Foundation
xxxviii Acknowledgments
International Society and Federation of Cardiology - Council on Cellular and Molecular Cardiology
Manitoba Health Research Council
B. Pharmaceutical and Other Companies
Principal Donor: Merck Frosst Canada Inc. Major Donor: Searle Canada Inc. Donors: Bristol Myers Squibb Company
Bristol Myers Squibb Canada Burroughs Well come Inc. Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd.
Supporters:
Contributors:
Pfizer Canada Inc. Zeneca Pharma Inc.
Medtronic of Canada Ltd. Parke-Davis Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Canada Inc. Sandoz Canada Inc. Servier Canada Inc. Warner Lambert Canada Inc.
Beckman Instruments (Canada) Ltd. Eli Lily Canada Inc. Marion Merrd Dow Canada Miles Canada Inc. Fujisawa Canada Inc. Boots Pharmaceutical
C. Contributors from Japan
Japan Heart Foundation Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Bayer Yakuhin Ltd. Calo International Ltd. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Ciba-Geigy Oapan) Ltd. Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kaken Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Kowa Shinyaku Co. Ltd. Kuramoto Memorial Hospital K yowa Hakkou Kogyo Co. Ltd. Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd.
Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Inc. Sankyo Co. Ltd. Shionogi Co. Ltd. Sumitomo Co. Ltd. Takeda Chemical Industries Co. Ltd. Tanabe Seiyaku Co. Ltd. Toray Medical Co. Ltd. Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Zeria Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
Acknowledgments xxxix