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HandTools&MeasuringDevices
Chapter11
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Hammer
Carpenter’s hammer has a crowned head and should not be used with metals
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Hammer
Soft faced hammers (rubber, plastic, wood, brass & aluminum) should be used to work metals
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Screwdriver
The tip of a slot screwdriver should be ground so its sides are parallel, and it should fill approximately 75% of the width of the slot in the screw.
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Combination/Slip-JointPliers
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ChannelLockPliers
RED TAPE!
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Vise-GripPliers
RED TAPE!
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Needle-NosePliers
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DuckbillPliers
Used for twisting safety wire
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AutomaticCenterPunch
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AdjustableOpenEndWrench
Place the wrench on the fastener so the pull is away from the fixed jaw.
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RatchetingOpenEndWrench
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CombinationWrench
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FlareNutWrench
Used for B-nuts on fluid lines
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HandlesforSocketWrenches
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Hand-ImpactDriver
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DeflectionBeamTorqueWrench
Deflection beam torque wrench is the least accurate
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WrenchPoints
8 - Point
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Hacksaw• Usearidgeorfixedframe• Teethalwaysfaceforward
v Cutsontheforwardstroke
• Releasebladetensionwhendone• Startcutwithrearwardstrokesonly• Liftsawonrearwardstokes• Selectthecorrecttoothcountformaterial
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Files
Smoothest Finish
Removes material the fastest
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Files• Alwaysuseahandleonthetang• Liftorremovepressureonthereturnstroke• Cleanwithafilecard
v Keepsteelandaluminumfromcrosscontaminating
• Keepdry• Don’tstack• Siliconspraycanhelpkeepthingsfromsticking
v Notoil
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DrillBits
Tip angle for metal is usually 118° Clear plastics require a special tip design Sizes available in fraction of an inch, metric and numbered Soft metals – high speed and light pressure Hard metals – low speed and higher pressure The flute forms the cutting edges of the point
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DrillBits
FAA says use 90° for soft metal
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HoleSaw
Figure14-64.Holesawsareusedtocutlarge-diameterholesinthinsheetmetalorwood.
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FlyCutter
Figure14-65.Aflycutterisanadjustableholecutter.
RED TAPE! Video
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Reamer
Remember to turn only one way
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TapandDie
Tap
Die
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TapandDie• Threads
v UNF–finev UNC–coursev NationalTaperPipe(NTP)
• Taperedtosealfluidsv Rolledandcut
• Rolledisstronger
• Usematchingdrillsize• Usecuttingoiland/orgrease(catchshavings)• 1/2turnforwardandthenbackup• Straightandslow
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UseaMachinistScaletoSetDivider
Divider or Compass
Machinist Scale or Rule
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TelescopingGauge
Show a rocker arm bearing and shaft
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Micrometer• Verniermicrometermeasuresin1/10,000”or0.0001”Page9-24–Fig9-390.2947shouldbe0.2957
• Agaugeblockisusedtocalibrateamicrometer• Remembertoaddtheframesizetothemeasurementfromthesleeve/thimble
• Useratchetstoptotightencaliper• Keepataconsistenttemperature• Introvideo• Readingamicrometer• Demonstratepoppetvalvestemandpistonpinoutofroundmeasurements
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VernierMicrometerScale
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DepthGaugeMicrometer
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DialIndicator
Used to check that a shaft or disk is straight
Video
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FeelerorThicknessGageMeasures: 1. Piston ring gap 2. Ring and lands 3. Connecting rod twist 4. Flat Surface
Video
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Examples• Measuringcrankpinandmainbearingjournalsforout-of-roundwear
• Rockerarmbushingdimension• Poppet-typevalvestretch• Pistonpinout-of-round• Clearancebetweenpistonringsandringlands• Connectingrodtwist