Post on 15-Jan-2016
introduction
syllabus
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behavior analysis
NEUROBIOLOGY – BIOL 475
6 PhDsRobertsAndres $ 750 K
PhD (1990) Toronto
Postdoc (1994) Uni. WürzburgResearch Scientist (1997) MPI Tübingen
LEARNING
SPACED TRAINING~ study every night
MASSED TRAINING~ cramming M
EMO
RY
TIME
STUDY HABITS
nervous system and control of behavior
INTRODUCTION
nervous system and control of behavior
what is behavior ?
what organisms do it ?
what is needed for behavior to occur ?
why bother studying behavior at all ?
“all of neurobiology is only interesting in the context of behavior” a famous guy whose name i forget
INTRODUCTION
nervous system and control of behavior
integrated multidisciplinary science
ethology
psychology
anatomy
genetics
biochemistry molecular biology
cellular physiology
developmental biology
INTRODUCTION
nervous system and control of behavior
integrated multidisciplinary science
building blocks of behavior
INTRODUCTION
GENESMESSAGESPEPTIDESPROTEINS
PROTEIN COMPLEXESORGANELLES
NEURONSASSEMBLIESSTRUCTURES
CIRCUITSNERVOUS SYSTEM
WHOLE ANIMALBEHAVIOR
EXPERIENCE
ENVIRONMENT
PLASTICITY
verticalintegration
INFORMATION FLOW
GENESMESSAGESPEPTIDESPROTEINS
PROTEIN COMPLEXESORGANELLES
NEURONSASSEMBLIESSTRUCTURES
CIRCUITSNERVOUS SYSTEM
WHOLE ANIMALBEHAVIOR
EXPERIENCE
ENVIRONMENT
PLASTICITY
verticalintegration
INFORMATION FLOW
multiple approaches always best, if possible
natural setting: evolution “ultimate” questions why does behavior happen ?
laboratory setting: mechanism (phenotypes ?) “proximate” questions how does behavior happen ?
MEASURING BEHAVIOR
setting determined by question
“good” experiments possible in both
natural setting: observe in ecologically relevant context difficult to control, especially experience
laboratory setting: difficulties in relating to natural behavior relatively more easily controlled
MEASURING BEHAVIOR
chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior
measuring behavior
in a natural setting
in a laboratory setting
chapter 1: neurons as the building blocks of behavior
measuring behavior
in a natural setting
in a laboratory setting
#01: BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
a bit of history... Aristotle: “honeybee dance” Darwin: behavior character of animals Lorenz, Tinbergen & von Frisch: Nobel
ethology (Greek) ethos = “manner” meticulous & thorough observation clever experimental rigor
NATURAL SETTING
Lorenz & Tinbergen
NATURAL SETTING
Lorenz & Tinbergen grey-lag goose egg rolling behavior stereotypic / “robot-like” behavior removed egg, behavior persisted fixed-action-pattern (FAP):
innate stereotypic behavior sequence completion without feedback
triggered by “egg-like” sign stimulus (SS) response filtered by innate releasing mechanism (IRM) “egg-ness” of SS activating IRM called releasers
NATURAL SETTING
FAP: fiddler crab courtship behavior beckoning behavior attractss species-specific waving strong natural selection on behavior ? sexually dimorphic distinguishes & interlocking releasers:
behavior SS for response SS for further behavior often typical of courtship in nature
NATURAL SETTING
use of landmarks for navigation pine cone markers manipulated went to sham nest
Tinbergen - digger wasp navigation feed immobilized bees to larvae
NATURAL SETTING
Tinbergen - digger wasp navigation feed immobilized bees to larvae use of landmarks for navigation experimented with dummy stimuli
components of attack on bees olfactory or visual wasp tracked dead bee (odor) bee-like object (visual) releasing value of stimulus wasp stung only bees with both
NATURAL SETTING
Tinbergen, herring gulls adults regurgitate to feed young triggered by young pecking at beak stimulus releasing value ability of stimulus to elicit species-typical behavior
p.8 fig.1.3
dummy stimuli releasers ? spot color spot prominence bill color moving pencil
NATURAL SETTING
what elicits aggression in 2nd ? shape ? red stripe ? position of stripe ?
ventral attack dorsal capitulation
p.8 fig.1.3
Tinbergen, sticklebacks territorial has red stripe on belly stimulus releasing value ability of stimulus to elicit species-typical FAPs
NATURAL SETTING
Tinbergen, escape response of chicks stimulus releasing value ability of stimulus to elicit species-typical FAPs dummy stimuli releasers ?
p.8 fig.1.3
moved overhead shadow stimuli in 2 directions goose shape no response hawk shape escape response same stimulus, direction only
NATURAL SETTING
ETHOGRAM
MOVE AWAY: Any movement by the wasp away from the host after the host has been contacted. Consists of walking or running, moving away as a defensive behavior, being pushed away or thrown off by host.
SEARCH: Movement of wasp in response to its environment apart from direct interaction with host. Consists of walking, running, antennae-waving or touching surroundings. Usually leads to host location by random processes or directed ones.
BITE: Wasp grabs host with its mandibles and successfully pierces the host integument preparatory to stinging.
ETHOGRAM: BEHAVIORAL “UNITS”
SEARCH: Movement of wasp in response to its environment apart from direct interaction with host. Consists of walking, running, antennae-waving or touching surroundings. Usually leads to host location by random processes or directed ones. MOVE AWAY: Any movement by the wasp away from the host after the host has been contacted. Consists of walking or running, moving away as a defensive behavior, being pushed away or thrown off by host. BITE: Wasp grabs host with its mandibles and successfully pierces the host integument preparatory to stinging. ANTENNAL TIP: Touching host with the antennae, one time or several times in a row, uninterrupted by another behavior. ANTENNAL SIDE: Same as antennal tip except the sides of the antennae are used for touching. HEAD/MOUTH: Moving head or mouth close to host and touching without biting. CLIMB ON: Climbing up on host larva in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation. STING: Curling of abdomen around host and inserting sting into host. TURN: Change in body direction of wasp by at least 90 degrees in response to host movement. PAUSE: A momentary cessation of all obvious behavior except for antennal waving. ATTEMPTED BITE: Wasp attempts to grab larvae with its mandibles, but fails to do so. ATTEMPTED STING: An attempt at stinging but it does not penetrate host integument, or host fails to become paralyzed. GROOM: Self-grooming by the wasp. CATATONIC: The state after the wasp has attempted to or has stung the host. The wasp continues to hold on with its mandibles, but ceases all other movement. This state continues until the host's movements have slowed to almost complete cessation, or until after several seconds of no change in the host's movement, when the wasp begins to move again. CHEW: Mandibles embedded in a paralyzed host, wasp appears to be extracting fluids from the host. There is little movement except for rhythmic movement of the head and mandibles, with an occasional pumping motion of the abdomen. PULL: When a wasp grabs the host larvae with its mandibles and pulls (or pushes) it on the substrate. RUB: Wasp rubs host larva with the tip of her abdomen. REST: Wasp tilts head down against substratum and ceases all movement. This lasts for at least 30 seconds.
ETHOGRAM: BEHAVIORAL “UNITS”
ETHOGRAM: TRANSITION PROBABILITY
ETHOGRAM
ETHOGRAM
ETHOGRAM