GTECH 361

Lecture 09

Features in the Geodatabase

Today’s Contents

Creating simple features

Editing coincident features

Creating annotation features

Creating Simple Features

Features class geometry Multi-part features

Splitting features Splitting lines Splitting polygons

Combining features Merge Union Intersect

Auto-complete polygons

Feature Class Geometry

Multi-part Features

Splitting Lines

Splitting Polygons

Merge

Union

Intersect

Auto-complete Polygons

Editing Coincident Features

Creating map topology Preventing editing errors

Editing nodes and edges Moving an edge or node Reshaping an edge Modifying an edge

Example: implementing a geodatabase

Editing Errors

Creating topology to prevent editing errors

Adjacency = Common Border

The primary purpose of a topology is to define spatial relationships between features

Preserving Coincidence

Preserving Connectivity

Common Topology Elements

Both edge and node are treated as single elements Multiple copies of them stored in the

geodatabase are moved as if they were one

Storage of Shared Feature Parts in the

Geodatabase

Editing Nodes and Edges

Moving an edge or node

The edge is rubber-banded

Modifying an edge

Reshaping an edge

Creating Annotation Features

What are annotation feature classes

What are annotation classes Types of geodatabase annotations

Standard Feature-linked*

Dimensioning*

Geodatabase Annotation

Functionality

Arc ViewCreate and edit standard annotation. View feature-linked and dimension annotation

ArcEditorArcInfo

Create and edit standard, feature-linked, and dimension annotation. Ability to create multiple annotation classes for an annotation feature class

Annotation Feature Classes

Are like other geodatabase feature classes; they have Attributes that define how text is

displayed Spatial reference Can be added as a layer to ArcMap

Can be created from labels, or are Created in ArcCatalog from scratch

Annotation Feature Classes

Annotation Classes

All annotation feature classes have at least one annotation class Text symbology Alignment

With ArcEditor or ArcInfo Multiple annotation classes within one

annotation feature class to Specify different annotation display

properties for different types of features

Annotation Types

Standard annotation

Feature-linked annotation

Dimension annotation

Standard Annotation

Like labels with georeference

Feature-linked

Dimensioning

Summary of Today A geodatabase feature class can store point, multipoint, line, or

polygon features. Multipart features and features with true curves are also supported

You can create new features by digitizing or by using ArcMap editing tools such as Merge and Union. Features can also be created as the output from geoprocessing operations, such as clip

When editing features, you can maintain their spatial relationships by creating a map topology. Once you've created a map topology, you can use ArcMap's topology editing tools to maintain coincidence between parts of features within a single feature class or among multiple feature classes

There are three types of geodatabase annotation: standard, feature-linked, and dimension annotation. All annotation feature classes contain at least one annotation class

The GIS ProcessDecision Rules

Non-spatial Data

SpatialObjects

GIS

Geographic Theory

GeographicAnalysis &Quantitative

Modeling

Predictionand

Projection

Spatial DataHandling andManipulation

Data CollectionAnd Organization

Transformation of Spatial Data - Enhancement of Information Content - Change in Amount of Spatial Data - Value Added

Pro-ducts

for

Deci-sionMak-

ing

The GIS Process

1. Defining the problem/question and information products

2. Estimating costs and benefits (establishing initial justification)

3. Inferring GIS functionality requirements and processes

4. Establishing quality control parameters and procedures

5. Establishing resource allocations and timetable

6. Carrying out GIS procedures

7. Evaluation

8. Report details regarding the management of project, data sources, processes involved, outputs, outcomes, etc.

9. Archive digital information representing data and analysis

Typical GIS capabilities

Raster GISLocal operationsRecodingOverlaying layersOperations on local

neighborhoodsOperations on extended

neighborhoodsOperations on zones

Vector GISReclassify, dissolve,

merge

Topological analysis

Buffering

Measurements

Operations on surfaces

Network analysis

Data model-dependent classificationafter Goodchild

points:techniques used to analyze an undifferentiated set of points, e.g. point pattern analysis;spatial objects with attributes:techniques that analyze an attribute matrix, and reduce space to a square matrix of spatial relationships between pairs of objects, e.g. measures of adjacency or proximity;networks of links and nodes:a range of techniques for analyzing networks in transportation and hydrology, based on attributes of network links and nodes;spatial interaction models:models of the interaction between pairs of objects, based on an analysis of the characteristics of origin objects, destination objects, and the spatial separation between them;raster techniques:methods of analysis based on the representation of continuous layers as rasters of cells, and supported by the so-called raster GISs.

OGIS Reference Model

Solicited Categorizationof GIS Operations

Visualize / Show Encode

Find Monitor

Create

Combine

Allocate

Determine

Aggregate/Summarize

Compare (partial) Select

Substitute

Derive

Correct

Evaluate

Goals or "meta tasks" as they are used by expert GIS

users INVENTORYLocates, counts, or records items w/o having any implications concerning desirabilityRESOURCEDesirable, useful, or limited phenomenon to be conserved or protectedRESTRICTIONConstraint that limits the availability, desirability, or location of a target or resourceREFERENCEProvides spatial control or anchor for locating features in other rolesPREDICTIONAttribute values correlated with the presence of target phenomenaTHREATPhenomena that may injure, destroy, or have other negative effectsTARGETDesired or valued phenomenon to be found or locatedSOLUTIONComposite result of analysis, embodies the application of analysis criteria

Confirmed Image Schemata

Spatial Relations:

coincide, overlaps, near/far, adjacent, separates/connects, subdivided, contain, above/below (concerning the model rather than real world phenomena)

Logical Relations:

part-of/consists-of, is-a, has-a, same/different

Procedural Relations:

causes/caused-by, stands-for, abstracted-to

Operations to be hidden from the user

A first compilation of user-oriented GIS operations