GROUP D PRESENTS

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Cell Stiffness: Next Gen Biomarker for

Disease?

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CellsDiscovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.

Basic structural, functional and biological unit of living organism.

Smallest unit of life that can replicate.

Building blocks of life.

Types of Cell

Cell Organelles

Neurons

Bone cells

Epithelial cells

Muscle cells

Cell is the basic unit of life.Cells Tissues Organs Human Body

Human Body: Multiscale Biomaterial

System

Functions Intracellular Transport

Cellular Division

Cytoskeleton of Cell

MicrofilamentActs as tracks of myosin that helps in muscle movement.

Intermediate FilamentMaintains cell shape by bearing tensionAnchors cell organelles

MicrotubulesIntracellular transport, mitotic spindle

Components Of Cytoskeleton

Normal Cell Reproduction

controlledCommunicate with

other cells through chemical signals

Shows cell adhesion

Ability of self destruction

Cancer Cell Reproduction

uncontrolledLoss in ability to

communicate

No ability of cell adhesion

Loss in ability of programmed death

Normal Cell vs Cancer Cell

Abnormal conditions

Pathological conditions

What is Disease?

Clinical diagnosis

Laboratory diagnosis

Radiology diagnosis

Principle diagnosis

Prenatal diagnosis

Biopsy

Methods of disease diagnosis

Response….

Response….

Capability of an object to resist deformation in response to applied force.

Caused by inhomogeneous distribution of cytoskeletal structure.

Fibroblast – 1 micronVascular smooth muscle cells >> 2 micron

What is Cell Stiffness??

Red blood cell membrane stiffness is observed in malaria.

Invasive tumour cells mechanically soften.

Measurement of cancer cell stiffness have shown strong correlation between cell deformability and cell malignancy.

Examples….

Young’s Modulus – A parameter for

cell stiffness measurement

How to Measure Cell Stiffness??

Atomic Force Microscopy

The AFM in a Nutshell

Atomic Force Microscopy probe indentation: simplest, easiest, most popular method.

Summary…

The mechanical properties of cells may potentially be used in clinical diagnostics and even therapy of certain types of diseases.

Research is on…………………..

http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sci-

tech/Spotting-disease-by-gauging-cell-stiffness/

articleshow/24283334.cms

A.B.Verkhovsky,T.M.Svitkina, and G.G. Borisy J.

Cell Sci., 110: 1693-1704, 1997

Creditshttp://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/upload/thumb/9/9c/350px-Atomic_force_microscope_block_diagram.JPG

S. Suresh, J. Spatz, J.P. Mills, A. Micoulet, M. Dao, C.T. Lim, M. Beil, T. Seufferlein Acta Biomaterialia 1, 15–30, 2001

G. Bao, S. Sureseh, Nature Materials, 2, 715, 2003

Thank You!