Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Footprinting

Greenhouse Gases &Carbon Footprinting

AIB Sustainability EssentialsDecember 1, 2009

Jerry HancockVice President of Environmental and Regulatory Affairs, Flowers Foods

What is a greenhouse gas?

What is carbon footprinting?

How are they calculated?

What are the standards?

What is a greenhouse gas (GHG)?

A gas that traps heat in the atmosphere

What greenhouse gases do humans generate?

Carbon dioxide CO2

Methane CH4

Nitrous oxide N2O

Hydrofluorocarbons HFC

Perfluorocarbons PFC

Sulfur hexafluoride SF6

Nitrogen trifluoride NF3

Hydrofluorinated ethers HFE

A carbon footprint is measured in units of carbon dioxide equivalents

What is carbon footprinting?

The amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere annually by a person, household, building, organization, or company. (Source: EPA)

Types of greenhouse gas emissions

SCOPE 1 Direct emissions

SCOPE 2 Indirect emissions

SCOPE 3 Indirect upstream/downstream emissions

SCOPE 1—Direct emissions

Stationary combustionBoilers, furnaces, burners, turbines, heaters, incinerators, engines, flares

Fugitive emissionsEquipment leaks from joints, seals, packing, gaskets, coal piles, wastewater treatment, pits, cooling towers, gas processing facilities

Mobile combustionCars, trucks, buses, trains, planes, boats, ships, barges

Process emissionsCO2 from calcination step in cement manufacturing and catalytic cracking in petrochemical processing; PFC emissions from aluminum smelting

SCOPE 2—Indirect emissionsSourced from the consumption of purchased electricity, heat, steam

SCOPE 3—Indirect upstream/downstream emissionsOptional step

Other indirect emissions from company activities and outsourced/ contract manufacturing, leases, franchises

Expands inventory boundary to identify all relevant GHG emissions

How are they calculated?

1. Define methodology

2. Specify boundaries, scope

3. Collect emissions data, calculate footprint

1. Define methodology

Consistent approach

--Develop own methodology

--Use recognized standard

2. Specify boundaries, scopes

Organizational boundaries

--Wholly, partially owned subsidiaries

Operational boundaries

--Direct GHG emissions—Scope 1

--Electricity indirect GHG emissions—Scope 2

--Other indirect GHG emissions—Scope 3

3. Collect emission data and calculate footprint

--Identify GHG emission sources

--Select calculation approach

--Collect data; choose emission factors

--Apply calculation tools

--Roll up data to corporate level

Carbon Footprint

Kansas Baking Co., Inc. 1 bakery 4 distribution centers

Carbon Footprint

Kansas Baking Co., Inc.

Define methodology

Consistent approach

Use recognized standard—GHG Protocol

Carbon Footprint

Specify boundaries, scopes

Organizational boundaries

--Kansas Baking Co.

--1 bakery

--4 distribution centers

Carbon Footprint

Specify boundaries, scopes

Operational boundaries

--Direct GHG emissions—Scope 1

--Electricity indirect GHG emissions—Scope 2

Carbon Footprint

Identify GHG emission sources

Bakery

--Combustion of fuels (natural gas, propane, fuel oil)

--Fleet and employee travel

--Refrigerant emissions

--Purchase of electricity

Distribution Centers

--Combustion of fuels (space heat)

--Delivery fleet and company vehicles

--Purchase of electricity

Carbon Footprint

Select calculation approach

--Documented emission factors

--Mass balance for refrigerants

Carbon Footprint

Collect data; choose emission factors

--Utility bills for electricity and natural gas

--Invoices for propane/fuel oil for plant combustion

--Refrigerant released records

--Fleet fuel purchased, miles driven

Carbon Footprint

Utility bills for electricity used and natural gas purchased

--Bakery: 12,562,156 kWh, 465,890 therms natural gas

--Distribution centers: 56,251 kWh, 34,870 therms natural gas

Invoices for propane and fuel oil for plant combustion

--Bakery: 3,500 gal propane

Refrigerant released records

--Bakery: 153 lbs R-404A

Carbon Footprint

Fleet fuel purchased or miles driven

--Distribution fleet 1,500,000 miles, 215,000 gallons diesel

--Route fleet 3,500,000 miles, 500,000 gallons diesel

--Company cars 250,000 miles, 12,500 gallons

Carbon Footprint

Emission factors

--GHG Protocol worksheets

Purchased electricity

Stationary combustion of fossil fuels

Mobile sources

--CO2 equivalent factor for refrigerants

Carbon Footprint

Apply calculation tools

Carbon Footprint

Refrigerants

--Releases of 153 lbs R 404a

--Global warming potential of 404a is 3,922 lbs CO2e

--CO2e = (153 lb 404a) x (3,922 lbs CO2e/lb 404a)

= 600,006 lb CO2e

= 272.757 tonnes CO2e

Carbon Footprint

Roll-up data to corporate level

Scope 1

Fuel Combustion 2,988.409 tonnes CO2e

Fleet Operations 7,371.931 tonnes CO2e

Refrigerant Releases 272.757 tonnes CO2e

Scope 2

Purchased Electricity 11,281.815 tonnes CO2e

Carbon Footprint

21,914.912 tonnes CO2e

What are the standards?

GHG Protocol www.ghgprotocol.org

Climate Savers www.epa.gov/climatesavers

Regional GHG Initiative www.rggi.org

ISO 14064 www.iso.org

Questions

Greenhouse Gases & Carbon Footprinting

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