Post on 04-Jan-2016
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Greek Revival
The Greek Revival dominated American architecture during the period 1818-1850. It was the first truly national style in the United States, found in all regions of the country. The popularity of the style was due to strong associations with classical tradition and democracy. The Greek Revival was very adaptable, and permeated all levels of building, from high to low.
Custom House (later sub-treasury building)
New York City, 1832-44Ithiel Town & A.J. Davis & James Frazee, architects
Postcard from 1837Present DayDetails of Greek Revival
PUBLICBUILDINGS(GOVERMENT)
Quincy Market Boston 1825-6
Alexander Parris Architect
Post CardsFrom1830
Present Day
COMMERCIALBUILDINGS
(MARKETS)
Sears House, Boston, MA. 1818 Alexander Parris, architect
Russell House (now part of Wesleyan University),
Middletown, CT. 1828-30
Ithiel Town & A.J. Davis, architects
Gannett HouseHarvard University,
Cambridge, MA. 1838.
Residential Homes
ITALIANATESTYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
ITALIANATE STYLE
Italianate is a term used to denote an American architectural style from the mid-nineteenth century which came about as part of a larger Romantic movement in the arts. These buildings are commonly recognized by their tall, narrow windows and their low-pitched roofs with overhanging eaves. Italianate buildings in America were not built by or for Italian families. Actually, there were few Italian people in the U.S. at this time, but the idea of rural Italy was romanticized by Americans and by America's early European-educated architects.
ITALIANATE ERA IN THE U.S.
The Italianate style began in England as part of the Picturesque movement.The first Italianate houses in the United States were built in the late 1830s. The Italianate style dominated American houses constructed between 1850 and 1880. It was particularly common in the expanding towns and cities of the Midwest as well as in many older but still growing cities of the northeastern seaboard.
IDENTIFYING FEATURES
Two or three stories (rarely one story)
Low-pitched roof
Widely overhanging eaves having decorative brackets beneath, singly or in pairs
Single-story entry porches with supporting square post
Front doors single or paired
Doors rectangular, arched, or segmentally-arched
Elaborate enframements above doors similar to those over windows
IDENTIFYING FEATURES CONT.
Paired and triple windows
Tall, narrow windows
Windows with traditional rectangular top
Windows arched (segmentally-arched) or curved above in U shape
Window sashes most commonly with one- or two-pane glazing
Window enframements often with brackets or pediment crowns
Square cupola or tower (usually villa style)
Italianate Architecture - Examples
Cupola, decorative eaves
Commercial building with narrow windows and decorative eaves
Brackets, columns on porch, shallow slope, tall narrow windows
PICTURES OF FEATURES
Modern Architectural
Style
CEA Craig Rodgers
What is modernism? Modern architecture (1950 - present) often combines earlier styles with new trends, as the colors and columns of the Thomson Electronics building demonstrates in the picture below.
The roots of Modernism may be found in the work of Berthold Luberkin (1901-1990), a Russian architect who settled in London and founded a group called Tecton. The Tecton architects believed in applying scientific, analytical methods to design.
Modern ArchitectureMajor Influences
Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the pioneers of the Modern Movement. He believed that the function of a building should dictate its form, and also laid great stress on the integrity of the materials used.
Frank Lloyd Wright I. M. Pei
I.M. Pei tends to use large, abstract forms and sharp, geometric designs. His glass clad structures seem to spring from the high tech modernist movement. However, Pei is more concerned with function than theory.
Walter Gropius was a German architect and art educator who founded the Bauhaus, which became a dominant force in architecture and the applied arts in the 20th century. His main theory was that all design should be functional as well as aesthetically-pleasing.
Walter Gropius Mies van der Rohe
Mies van der Rohe was not the first architect to practice simplicity in design, but he carried the ideals of rationalism and minimalism to new levels. He believed that architects must completely understand their materials before they can design.
Resources
http://architecture.about.com/cs/20thcentury/index.htm
http://www.google.com
http://www.architecture.com/go/Architecture/Home.html
Neo-Eclectic Architectureby Ethan Laubach
A style sometimes called postmodernMost commonly used during 1980s, 1990s and currently
It’s soda shop mentality applied to home design. Start with plain vanilla then flavour it with any of a half-dozen or so different “looks.”
-Jim Lane
Distinctive Features
Combines a variety of historic styles High pitched roofs, sometimes with fake dormersOpen floor plansVaulted and high ceilingsMulti-storiesHardly designed for individual clients anymore
Other thoughts about Neo-Eclectic Style
Appears to have been initiated by builders of modest homes sensing the public’s desire for traditional designs. Some critics view this style as being very loosely based on traditional architectural shapes and detailing.During the late 1960s, a rebellion against modernism and a longing for more traditional styles influenced the design of modest tract housing in North America.Critics use the term McMansion to describe a neo-eclectic home that is oversized and pretentious. The name McMansion implies that these homes are hastily assembled using cheaply-made materials and a menu of mix-and-match decorative details.
Resourceswww.uwec.edu/geography/Ivogeler/w367/styles/http:/www.humanitiesweb.org/cgi-bin/human.cgi?s=g&p=m&a=d&ID=35s31.htmhttp://architecture.about.com/library/bl-neoeclectic.htmhttp://www.arkansaspreservation.org/history/Architectural_Style_Guide.pdfwww.greatbuildings.com
M. Leslie Snyder Eaves
French Normandy
History
Style founded in medieval Normandy FranceBarnes or Castles
Revival StyleAmerican style revived in the 1900’s-1930’s
Various Aspects of the Style
Central Turret•Originally used for grain•Now houses a central Staircase
Usually 2 or more stories
Exterior Finish•Reddish brick•Cutstone•stucco
Massive Chimneys
Steep Complicated Roofs
Southern Colonial
Lasting from approximately 1600-1700 Southern Colonial house plans are typically two to three story home designs with symmetrical facades and gable roofs. Colonial architecture started when colonists from Spain, France, England, Holland, and other places flocked into America during the 16TH and 17TH centuries. The colonists first made simple structures to live in. These structures were versions of the colonists’ architectural traditions from their homelands adapted to fit the American environment and even more elegant structures.
Additional InfoSouthern Colonial
brick or timber-framed structure simple "saltbox form" with steeply pitched gable roof narrow plan, often only one room deep patterned brick masonry massive chimneys at each end of house No: W4141DB Living Area: 3235 sq. ft.
Typical Southern Colonial Floor Plan
Plan W7409RD:
Style and Luxury
Sources
http://www.architecturaldesigns.com/colonial-house-plans.asp
http://www.loggia.com/designarts/architecture/styles/american/earlycolonial.html
http://www.houseplanguys.com/southern-colonial-house-plans.php
http://www.youthsource.ab.ca/teacher_resources/built_styles.html
By: Nick Desantis
Diana WiantCEA – 7/22/04
Spanish Architecture
Plateresque (Baroque and “plata” – silver, rich)
Mudejar (Roman and Goth)
Caliphal (Christians in Muslim lands)
Modernism
The curved levels were intended to reflect the dunes of the desert. At the time many people believed it was too futurist – today it is considered a landmark in modern architecture.
Casa Mila (1906-1910)
Photos are and information from http://www.red2000.com/spain/primer/arch.html
http://www.1st-4-spanish-property.com/architecture/gothic.html
http://www.towersoft.com.au/staff/rory/spain.htm
Victorian ArchitectureA Victorian home was a statement about the families taste, wealth, and education.People of the Victorian era were very status conscious.The Victorian home was the focal point for status and fashion.
The Victorian era dates from about 1840 to 1900. “Victorian” is not really an architectural style, but more a period in historyVictorian Architecture includes a variety of styles, each with its own unique features.
Gothic Revival Architecture Victorian Gothic and High Gothic buildings feature arches, pointed windows and other details borrowed from medieval cathedrals.
Victorian Italianate Architecture Rebelling against formal, classical architecture, Italianate became the one of the most popular styles in the United States. With low roofs, wide eaves, and ornamental brackets, Italianate is sometimes called the bracketed style
Second Empire or Mansard Style Characterized by their boxy mansard roofs, these buildings were inspired by the architecture in Paris during the reign of Napoleon III.
Victorian Stick & Eastlake Architecture Trusses and stick work suggest medieval building techniques on these relatively plain Victorian buildings.
Folk Victorian Just plain folk could afford these no-fuss homes, using trim work made possible by mass production.
Shingle Style Architecture Often built in costal areas, these shingle-sided homes are rambling and austere. But, the simplicity of the style is deceptive. The Shingle Style was adopted by the wealthy for grand estates.
Victorian Romanesque Architecture Designer Henry Hobson Richardson is often credited with popularizing these romantic buildings. Constructed of stone, they resemble small castles. Romanesque was used more often for large public buildings, but some private homes were also build in the imposing Romanesque style.
Victorian Queen Anne Architecture Queen Anne is the most elaborate of the Victorian styles. Buildings are ornamented with towers, turrets, wrap around porches, and other fanciful details.
http://architecture.about.com/cs/timeline/a/victorianstyles.htmFrom Jackie Craven,Your Guide to Architecture
Gothic Revival Architecture Victorian Italianate Architecture Second Empire or Mansard Style
Victorian Stick & Eastlake Architecture Folk Victorian Shingle Style Architecture
Victorian Romanesque Architecture Victorian Queen Anne Architecture Images from “Victorian Houses” http://users.rcn.com/scndempr/dave/school.html
Architectural Styles
Arts and CraftsBrian AlversonCEA
Arts and Crafts - Elements
The Arts and Crafts Style is characterized by:
Large often ornate chimney structures
Earthy building materials Exposed roof beams and
rafters Complex roof lines, often
including dormers Stone exterior chimneys
Arts and Crafts - History
The Arts and Crafts style originated in Britain in the mid-1800’s. It combines the detail and style of “art” with the rustic homeliness of “crafts.” It was popular in Britain from 1861 – 1914 and was primarily for the middle-class. Soon after, the style became popular in America.
Decades
1880s
1890s 1900s
1910s
1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
High Styles
Greek Revival Revival styles: Arts &
Cape Cod
Early Ranch
Ranch Shed
Neo-Eclectic styles
Queen Anne French Provincial Craft Split-Level New
Italianate Normandy Englan
d
SpanishBunga
low
Colonia
l
Tudor
Arts and Crafts - Examples
Bibliography
http://www.uwec.edu/geography/Ivogeler/w367/styles/styles.htmhttp://www.cupola.com/html/bldgstru/artscrft/slide/sherm01e.htmwww.GreatBuildings.com
Contemporary Style
A description of an architectural theme.Don Luebbecke
Art Resource, NY/Gian Berto
Vanni
Contemporary Style
Contemporary is not a an established style.Contemporary is more of a vehicle for the interpretation of various movements within the continuum of Modern architectural styles.
Brick Leaf House Hampstead
London Princeton University October 2003
“Contemporary styles” are generally based upon architectural designs which embrace a broader artistic theme within the modern movement.The most identifiable examples of contemporary architecture are the works of the students and staff of the Bauhaus beginning in the 1920’s.The Bauhaus brought together artists, architects, designers and performing artists. The designs and products resulting from this experience were influenced by the efforts of contemporaries in the allied arts. .
A common interpretation of Contemporary architecture are the California contemporary residential designs. These designs are not a formal style but are a distinctive theme of simple, clean adaptations of traditional utilitarian structures using modern materials.
Topsider Holmes Inc.