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NAME ID
MOHD AMIRRUL CE089378
MOHD HAZIQ CE089412
AHMAD NAJMUDDIN CE090834
NUR FARAHIDA CE089364
SITI FAIZAH CE089382
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INTRODUCTION It is one or more layers of material paced immediately
above sub-grade or capping
Together with capping, the unbound pavement coursecomprises the road foundation ensuring that thecourses above are adequately supported so that theirfull potential is achieved.
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THE UNBOUND PAVEMENT
BASE
COURSE
SUB-BASE
COURSE
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BASE COURSE Help to distribute the load
Depth is the main factor considered in design
Must not be a cause of failure Strong enough to carry the load without shear failure
and resultant rutting
Must allow water drainages
Must be durable
The material such as crushed stone, crushed oruncrushed slag, crush or uncrushed gravel & sand.
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The material shall are as
requirement: The plasticity index shall be not more than 6
The aggregated crushing value shall be not more than 30
The flakiness index shall be not more than 30
Not less than 80% of particles on the B.S 4.75mm sieveshall have at least one fractured face.
The weighted average loss of weight in the sodium suphatesoundness test(5 cycles)shall not more than 12%
The material shall have a CBR value of not less than 80 when compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density
The gradation shall comply with the envelope shown intable 2.1 for type specified.
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THE TESTING CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR)
PLASTICITY INDEX (PI)
AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE (AIV) FLAKINESS INDEX (FI)
SOUNDNESS
SIEVE
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SUB-BASE COURSE Must drain readily
Subjected to the much smaller loads
Requirements for sub-base materials are usually givensin terms of the gradation, plastic characteristic andstrength
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The function of sub-base are: To sustain road base layer and distribute load from the
vehicle
Act as a drainage layer Can be used as a temporary road during construction
To protect the sub-grade from the failure due to theclimate effect
As a barrier layer to avoid the mixing of sub-grade androad base materials.
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Testing The liquid limit shall be not more than 25% The plasticity index shall be not more than 6% The aggregate crushing value shall be not more than 35%
The material shall have a CBR value of 30 or more whencompacted to 95% of the maximum dry density The gradation shall conform to one of the envelopes shown in
table 2.2 with the fraction passing the B.S 75 um sieve not greaterthan 2/3 of the fraction passing the B.S 425 um sieve.
Laterite sand- which have CBR value › 20% Crushed aggregates-with the size ranging from 75mm to dust
and the CBR value 10› 30% Sub-base material should fullfill the test of CBR, liquid limits,
plastic limits, aggregate impact value (AIV), Los angeles abrasion(LAA) and sieving.
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Granular material picture
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