TEACHINGTHEC3FRAMEWORK

Grades6-8KoreanWarInquiry

How Does War Affect Children?

Imagecredit:KoreanKidsatGarbageDump,1953,KoreanWarLegacyProject

UsedwithpermissionfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject

SupportingQuestions

1. WhatweretheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringtheKoreanWar?2. WhatweretheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringtheKoreanWarfromthe

perspectiveofUSsoldiers?3. Whatarethehumancostsofdisplacementandwar?

TEACHINGTHEC3FRAMEWORK

T H I S W O R K I S L I C E N S E D U N D E R A C R E A T I V E C OMMON S A T T R I B U T I O N - N O N C OMM E R C I A L - S H A R E A L I K E 4 . 0 I N T E R N A T I O N A L L I C E N S E . 2

Grades6-8KoreanWarInquiry

HowDoesWarAffectChildren?C3FrameworkIndicator D2.Civ.14.6-8.Comparehistoricalandcontemporarymeansofchangingsocietiesandpromoting

thecommongood.

StagingtheCompellingQuestion

DiscusstheaffectsofwaronchildrenbyviewingtheclipfromtheKoreanWarLegacyFoundationwhereVeteranGeorgeDrakedescribestheevacuationof950KoreanOrphanspriortotheChineseoccupationofSeoul.

SupportingQuestion1 SupportingQuestion2 SupportingQuestion3

WhatweretheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringtheKoreanWar?

WhatweretheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringtheKoreanWarfromtheperspectiveofUSsoldiers?

Whatarethehumancostsofdisplacementandwar?

FormativePerformanceTask FormativePerformanceTask FormativePerformanceTask

ConstructthestoryofachilddepictedinthephotographsduringtheKoreanWar.

WriteaparagraphabouttheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringthewarfromtheperspectiveofAmericansoldiers.

CreatefourhistoricalquestionsaboutthehumancostsofdisplacementandwartoprepareforaguidedSocraticSeminar.

FeaturedSource FeaturedSources FeaturedSources

SourceA:PhotographsofchildrenduringtheKoreanWar

SourceA:Videoclip,interviewwithCharlesBuckley

SourceB:Videoclip,interviewwithEverettKelley

SourceC:Videoclip,interviewwithAndrewLanza

SourceA:Videoclip,Syrianchildrendescribingexperienceswithwarandconflict

SourceB:Videoclip,effectsofwaronchildreninSouthSudan

SourceC:InformationfromtheUNRefugeeAgencyontheeffectsofwarandglobaldisplacementduetowarandconflict

SummativePerformanceTask

ARGUMENTHowdoeswaraffectchildren?Constructanargument(e.g.,detailedoutline,poster,oressay)thatdiscussesthecompellingquestionusingspecificclaimsandrelevantevidencefromthesourcesprovidedandoneothersource,whileacknowledgingcompetingviews.

EXTENSIONDiscussacurrentrefugee/orphancrisisinthecontextofthesummativeargument.

TakingInformedAction

UNDERSTANDExaminetheplightofcontemporaryrefugeesandorphansofwar,andtheeffectsoftheirdisplacement.ASSESSConsiderwhattheUnitedNations,individuals,andnon-governmentalorganizationscandotopromotethecommongoodofcontemporaryrefugeesandorphansofwar.ACTWorkingwithapartner,createashortstoryorpicturebookportrayinghowwaraffectschildren.Studentswillsharetheirbookswithrefugeesororphansofwarintheirschoolsandcommunity.

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Overview

InquiryDescription

Thisinquiryleadsstudentsthroughaninvestigationoftheconsequencesfacedbychildrenofwar,includinghunger,displacement,trauma,andthelossoffamilyandstability.Byinvestigatingthecompellingquestion“Howdoeswaraffectchildren?”studentsattempttocontextualizetheconsequencesofwaronchildren.TheformativeperformancetaskshelpstudentsbuildknowledgeandskillsthroughthecourseoftheinquiryastheyexaminetheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringthewar,therolemembersofthearmedforcesplayedinhelpingthesechildren,andthehumancostsofdisplacementandwar.Studentscreateanevidence-basedargumentaboutKoreanchildren’swar-timeexperiencesandmembersofthearmedforces’roleinhelpingthechildrenandthenwritehistoricalquestionsaboutthehumancostsofdisplacementandwartoprepareforaguidedSocraticSeminar.

Thisinquiryrequiresprerequisiteknowledgeofhistoricaleventsandideas.Thus,studentsshouldbesomewhatfamiliarwithongoingcontemporaryrefugeecrises,butthesourcesprovidedshouldsufficeasadecentintroductiontothesecrises,ifnecessary.

NOTE:Thisinquiryisexpectedtotakefour40-minuteclassperiods.Theinquirytimeframecouldexpandifteachersthinktheirstudentsneedadditionalinstructionalexperiences(i.e.,supportingquestions,formativeperformancetasks,andfeaturedsources).Teachersareencouragedtoadapttheinquiriesinordertomeettherequirementsandinterestsoftheirparticularstudents.Resourcescanalsobemodifiedasnecessarytomeetindividualizededucationprograms(IEPs)orSection504plansforstudentswithdisabilities.

StructureoftheInquiry

Inaddressingthecompellingquestion“Howdoeswaraffectchildren?”studentsworkthroughaseriesofsupportingquestions,formativeperformancetasks,andfeaturedsourcesinordertoconstructanargumentsupportedbyevidencewhileacknowledgingcompetingperspectives.

StagingtheCompellingQuestion

Instagingthecompellingquestion,“Howdoeswaraffectchildren?”teachersmaypromptstudentswiththevideoclipfromtheKoreanWarLegacyFoundationinwhichKoreanWarveteranGeorgeDrakedescribestheevacuationof950KoreanorphanspriortotheChineseoccupationofSeoul.

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SupportingQuestion1

Thefirstsupportingquestion—“WhatweretheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringtheKoreanWar?—encouragesstudentstoexaminetheconsequencesofwaronKoreanchildrenusingphotographsfromtheperiod.TheformativeperformancetaskasksstudentstoconstructthestoryofachilddepictedinthephotographsduringtheKoreanWar.

ThefeaturedsourceforthisquestionisacollectionofphotographsdepictingchildrenduringtheKoreanWar.

SupportingQuestion2

Thesecondsupportingquestion—“WhatweretheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringtheKoreanWarfromtheperspectiveofUSsoldiers?”—hasstudentsexpandontheirexaminationoftheconsequencesofwaronKoreanchildren.TheformativeperformancetaskasksstudentstodiscusswithapartnerandwriteaparagraphabouttheexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringthewarfromtheperspectiveofAmericansoldiersservingintheKoreanWar.

Inadditiontotheresourcesfromtheprevioussupportingquestion,thefeaturedsourcesprovidestudentswithadditionalmaterialsthatallowthemtogainanunderstandingofhowAmericansoldiersviewedexperiencesofKoreanchildrenduringthewar.AllthreefeaturedsourcesforthisquestionarevideoclipswithveteransoftheKoreanWarfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject.FeaturedSourceAisaclipfromaninterviewwithCharlesBuckleyinwhichhetalksaboutthesufferingofKoreanchildrenduringthewaraswellasthewayssoldierstriedtohelpKoreanchildren.FeaturedSourceBisaclipfromaninterviewinwhichEverettKelleydescribeshowhetriedtohelpKoreanchildrenduringthewar.FeaturedSourceCisaclipfromaninterviewinwhichAndrewLanzadiscussestheeffectsofwaronKoreanchildren.

SupportingQuestion3

Forthethirdsupportingquestion—“Whatarethehumancostsofdisplacementandwar?”—studentswritefourhistoricalquestionsaboutthehumancostsofdisplacementandwartoprepareforaguidedSocraticSeminar.Thequestionsshouldreflectarangeofthinkingabout,andengagementwith,thetopic.

Inadditiontotheresourcesfromtheprevioussupportingquestions,thefeaturedsourceshereprovidestudentswithmaterialsthatallowthemtolearnmoreaboutotherconflictsthathavehadanimpactonchildren.FeaturedSourceAisavideoclipofSyrianchildrendescribingtheirexperienceswithwarandconflict.FeaturedSourceBisavideoclipontheeffectsofwaronchildreninSouthSudan.FeaturedSourceCincludesinformationfromtheUNRefugeeAgencyontheeffectsofwarandglobaldisplacementduetowarandconflict.

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SummativePerformanceTask

Atthispointintheinquiry,studentshavecontextualizedtheexperiencesofwaronchildren,andhaveexaminedthehumancostsofwaranddisplacement.

Studentsshouldbeabletodemonstratethebreadthoftheirunderstandingandtheirabilitytouseevidencefrommultiplesourcestosupporttheirclaims.Inthistask,studentsconstructanevidence-basedargumentusingmultiplesourcestoanswerthecompellingquestion,“Howdoeswaraffectchildren?”Students’argumentswilltakeavarietyofforms,includingadetailedoutline,poster,oressay.

Students’argumentswillvary,butcouldincludeanyofthefollowing:

• Waraffectschildrenbymakingthemhomeless.• Waraffectschildrenbecausetheywon’thavefoodorcleanwater.• Waraffectschildrenbymakingthemafraid.

Tohelpstudentsextendtheirarguments,teachersmayhavestudentsreadaloudwithapartnerachildren’sstoryorpicturebookexploringthecontemporaryrefugee/orphancrisis,andthoughtfullyanalyzethebookinawhole-groupdiscussion.

StudentshavetheopportunitytoTakeInformedActionbyanalyzingtheeffectsofwaronchildren.Tounderstand,studentscandrawontheirunderstandingsoftheplightofcontemporaryrefugees,orphansofwar,andtheeffectsoftheirdisplacement.Toassesstheissue,studentsshouldconsiderwhattheUnitedNations,individuals,and/ornon-governmentalorganizationscandotopromotethecommongoodofcontemporaryrefugeesandorphansofwar.Toact,studentsmightcreateashortstoryorpicturebookportrayinghowwaraffectschildren,andsharethesewithrefugeesororphansofwarintheirschoolsorcommunities.

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StagingtheCompellingQuestionFeaturedSource KoreanWarveteranGeorgeDrake,clipfromvideotapedinterviewdescribingtheevacuationof

950KoreanOrphanspriortotheChineseoccupationofSeoul,SouthKorea,accessibleathttps://koreanwarlegacy.org/interviews/george-drake/

UsedwithpermissionfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject

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SupportingQuestion1FeaturedSource SourceA:Imagebank,childrenoftheKoreanWar,theKoreanWarLegacyFoundation,images

accessibleatindividuallinksbelow

http://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=5099Apictureofachild(“Boy-san”-DennisSmith)carryinghisyoungerbrother(“Baby-san”-DennisSmith)onhisback.http://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=3937AlCooperholdsahomelessKoreanboyheandhiscompanyhadunofficiallyadoptedhttp://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=4058Koreankidsinfromtofwireentanglement,somelaundryhaningonwireentanglementhttp://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=87MartinRothenbergandKoreangirlhttp://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=477AKoreanchildhttp://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=1241Koreanchildrenhttp://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=1248StevenMontalbanofeedinganorphanhttp://www.kwvdm.org/detail_artifact.php?no=2237

UsedwithpermissionfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject

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SupportingQuestion2FeaturedSource SourceA:CharlesBuckley(KoreanWarveteran),videoclipfrominterviewdiscussingthe

sufferingofKoreanchildrenduringthewarandthewaysBuckleyandothersoldierstriedtohelpthem,KoreanWarLegacyFoundation,accessibleathttps://koreanwarlegacy.org/interviews/charles-buckley/

Source:KoreanWarLegacyFoundation

UsedwithpermissionfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject

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SupportingQuestion2FeaturedSource SourceB:EverettKelley(KoreanWarveteran),videoclipfrominterviewdiscussinghowKelley

andothershelpedKoreanchildrenduringthewar,KoreanWarLegacyFoundation,accessibleathttps://koreanwarlegacy.org/interviews/everett-kelley/#clip-life-impact

Source:KoreanWarLegacyFoundationUsedwithpermissionfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject

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SupportingQuestion2FeaturedSource SourceC:AndrewLanza(KoreanWarveteran),videoclipfrominterviewdiscussingtheeffectsof

waronKoreanchildrenduringthewar,KoreanWarLegacyFoundation,accessibleathttps://koreanwarlegacy.org/interviews/andrew-lanza/

Source:KoreanWarLegacyFoundation

UsedwithpermissionfromtheKoreanWarLegacyProject

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SupportingQuestion3FeaturedSource SourceA:VideoclipofSyrianchildrendescribingtheirexperienceswithwarandconflict,BBC

News,accessibleathttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iz2tNiRpeY

Source:BBCNews

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SupportingQuestion3FeaturedSource SourceB:VideocliponeffectsofwaronchildreninSouthSudan,AljazeeraNews,accessibleat

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/south-sudan-war-deprives-children-education-180202120925076.html

SouthSudanhastheworld'shighestproportionofyoungchildrennotreceivinganeducation.Thecivilwarhasseenthousandsof

peoplekilledandmillionsdisplaced.It’salsohadamajorimpactoneducation,with1.8million,or70percentofschool-agechildren

notgettinganyeducation.TheUnitedNationssaysyearsofwarmakesitdifficultforkidstogettoschool,eveninareasnotdirectly

affectedbyfighting.

Source:AljazeeraNews

Excerptedfrom:https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/south-sudan-war-deprives-children-education-180202120925076.html

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SupportingQuestion3FeaturedSource SourceC:UnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugees(theUNRefugeeAgency),“Forced

Displacementabove68min2017,NewGlobalDealonRefugeesCritical,”articleontheeffectsofwarandglobaldisplacementduetowarandconflict,June19,2018,accessibleathttp://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/press/2018/6/5b27c2434/forced-displacement-above-68m-2017-new-global-deal-refugees-critical.html

ForcedDisplacementabove68min2017,NewGlobalDealonRefugeesCritical

Wars,otherviolenceandpersecutiondroveworldwideforceddisplacementtoanewhighin2017forthefifthyearinarow,ledbythecrisisinDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,SouthSudan’swar,andtheflightintoBangladeshfromMyanmarofhundredsofthousandsofRohingyarefugees.Overwhelminglyitisdevelopingcountriesthataremostaffected.

InitsannualGlobalTrendsreport,releasedtoday,UNHCR,theUNRefugeeAgencysaid68.5millionpeopleweredisplacedasoftheendof2017.Amongthemwere16.2millionpeoplewhobecamedisplacedduring2017itself,eitherforthefirsttimeorrepeatedly–indicatingahugenumberofpeopleonthemoveandequivalentto44,500peoplebeingdisplacedeachday,orapersonbecomingdisplacedeverytwoseconds.

Refugeeswhohavefledtheircountriestoescapeconflictandpersecutionaccountedfor25.4millionofthe68.5million.Thisis2.9millionmorethanin2016,alsothebiggestincreaseUNHCRhasseeninasingleyear.Asylum-seekers,whowerestillawaitingtheoutcomeoftheirclaimstorefugeestatusasof31December2017,meanwhilerosebyaround300,000to3.1million.Peopledisplacedinsidetheirowncountryaccountedfor40millionofthetotal,slightlyfewerthanthe40.3millionin2016.

Inshort,theworldhadalmostasmanyforciblydisplacedpeoplein2017asthepopulationofThailand.Acrossallcountries,oneinevery110personsissomeonedisplaced.

“Weareatawatershed,wheresuccessinmanagingforceddisplacementgloballyrequiresanewandfarmorecomprehensiveapproachsothatcountriesandcommunitiesaren’tleftdealingwiththisalone,”saidUNHighCommissionerforRefugeesFilippoGrandi.“Butthereisreasonforsomehope.FourteencountriesarealreadypioneeringanewblueprintforrespondingtorefugeesituationsandinamatterofmonthsanewGlobalCompactonRefugeeswillbereadyforadoptionbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Today,ontheeveofWorldRefugeeDay,mymessagetomemberstatesispleasesupportthis.Noonebecomesarefugeebychoice;buttherestofuscanhaveachoiceabouthowwehelp.”

UNHCR’sGlobalTrendsreportisreleasedworldwideeachyearaheadofWorldRefugeeDay(20thJune)andtracksforceddisplacementbasedondatagatheredbyUNHCR,governments,andotherpartners.Itdoesnotexaminetheglobalasylumenvironment,whichUNHCRreportsonseparatelyandwhichcontinuedin2017toseeincidentsofforcedreturns,politicizationandscapegoatingofrefugees,refugeesbeingjailedordeniedpossibilitytowork,andseveralcountriesobjectingeventouseoftheword“refugee.”

Nonetheless,theGlobalTrendsreportoffersseveralinsights,includinginsomeinstancesintoperceivedversusactualrealitiesofforceddisplacementandhowthesecansometimesbeatodds.

Amongtheseisthenotionthattheworld’sdisplacedaremainlyincountriesoftheGlobalNorth.Thedatashowstheoppositetobetrue–withfully85percentofrefugeesindevelopingcountries,manyofwhicharedesperatelypoorandreceivelittlesupporttocareforthesepopulations.Fouroutoffiverefugeesremainincountriesnextdoortotheirown.

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Large-scaledisplacementacrossbordersisalsolesscommonthanthe68millionglobaldisplacementfiguresuggests.Almosttwothirdsofthoseforcedtofleeareinternallydisplacedpeoplewhohavenotlefttheirowncountries.Ofthe25.4millionrefugees,justoverafiftharePalestiniansunderthecareofUNRWA.Oftheremainder,forwhomUNHCRisresponsible,twothirdscomefromjustfivecountries:Syria,Afghanistan,SouthSudan,MyanmarandSomalia.Anendtoconflictinanyoneofthesehaspotentialtosignificantlyinfluencethewiderglobaldisplacementpicture.

TwootherinsightsfromGlobalTrendsarethatmostrefugeesliveinurbanareas(58percent)notincampsorruralareas;andthattheglobaldisplacedpopulationisyoung–53percentarechildren,includingmanywhoareunaccompaniedorseparatedfromtheirfamilies.

Aswiththenumberofcountriesproducinglarge-scaledisplacement,thenumberofcountrieshostinglargenumberswasalsocomparativelyfew:Turkeyremainedtheworld’sleadingrefugeehostingcountryintermsofabsolutenumberswithapopulationof3.5millionrefugees,mainlySyrians.Lebanonmeanwhilehostedthelargestnumberofrefugeesrelativetoitsnationalpopulation.Inall,63percentofallrefugeesunderUNHCR’sresponsibilitywereinjust10countries.

Sadly,solutionsforallthisremainedinshortsupply.Warsandconflictcontinuedtobethemajordriverswithlittlevisibleprogresstowardspeace.Aroundfivemillionpeoplewereabletoreturntotheirhomesin2017withthevastmajorityreturningfrominternaldisplacement,butamongthesewerepeoplereturningunderduressortofragilecontexts.Duetoadropinthenumberofresettlementplacesonoffer,thenumberofresettledrefugeeswasdownbyover40percentataround100,000people.

UsedwithpermissionfromUNHCR,theUNRefugeeAgency

NOTE:AdditionalUNHCRinformationaboutworldrefugeesisaccessibleathttp://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2016/