The Respiratory SystemParts/Functions/Respiration Process/Respiratory Problem/Taking Care of the Respiratory System

Why do we

breathe?

What is Human Respiration?

obtain oxygen,

eliminate carbon dioxide.

Inspiration

Expiration

2 Phases

of Breathin

g

The Mechanisms of Breathing

O2 enters The

diaphragm contracts or

flattens The intercostal

muscles raise the ribs

C02 exits The

diaphragm relaxes

The intercostal muscles lower

the ribs

Respiratory Cycle

Figure 10.9

Where is the respiratory center of the brain?

Medulla Oblongata

Pons

What other factor controls the

rhythm and rate of breathing?

CO2 Level in the blood

pH of the blood

Fear and Pain

What are the CAUSES of altered breathing patterns?

CoughingSneezingLaughingCryingHiccupsYawningSpeaking

Apply Your KnowledgeIndicated whether each statement refers to (I) inhalation or (E) exhalation:__ The intercostal muscles lower the ribs__ The diaphragm contracts or flattens__ The intercostal muscles raise the ribs__ The diaphragm relaxes__ Air rich in O2 enters the lungs from the atmosphere__ Air rich in C02 exits the lungs

ANSWER:E

E

E

II

I

What are the Organs of the Respiratory System?

Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs

Organs of the Respiratory system

· Nose· Pharynx· Larynx· Trachea· Bronchi· Lungs –

alveoli

Human Respiratory System

REVIEW…STRUCTURE FUNCTION

nose / nasal cavity

warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled

pharynx (throat)

 passageway for air, leads to trachea

larynx  the voice box, where vocal chords are located

REVIEW…STRUCTURE FUNCTION

Trachea (windpipe)

 keeps the windpipe "open" and is lined with fine hairs called cilia

which filter air before it reaches the lungs

bronchi  two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung

bronchioles a network of smaller branches

leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs

alveoli the functional respiratory units in

the lung where gases are exchanged

What are the components of upper and

lower respiratory

tract?

Checking your Understanding

Which of the following sites would be the most lethal if obstructed by a foreign body?

a. Right bronchus

b. Left bronchus

c. Trachea

ANSWER:

Respiration Includes

Pulmonary Ventilation

External Respiration

Transport of Respiratory Gases

Internal Respiration

Pulmonary Ventilation

Air moves in and out of lungs.

External Respiration

Gas exchange between blood and air at alveoli.

O2 (oxygen) in air diffuses into blood. CO2 (carbon dioxide) in blood diffuses into

air.

Brings O2 from lungs cells of the body. Takes CO2 from the cells throughout the body

and return to the lungs to be exhaled.

Transport of Respiratory Gases

Gas exchange in capillaries between blood and tissue cells.

O2 in blood diffuses into tissues. CO2 waste in tissues diffuses into blood.

Internal Respiration

Respiration Includes

Pulmonary Ventilation

External Respiration

Transport of Respiratory Gases

Internal Respiration

What is a Respiratory Volume?Different volumes of air move in and out of

lungs with different intensities of breathing.

Respiratory VolumesAmount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a

normal breath

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a

normal inhalation

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled following a

normal exhalation

Tidal Volume

InspiratoryReserve Volume

ExpiratoryReserve Volume

Respiratory Volumes (cont.)

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible

Volume of air that always remains in the lungs even after a forceful exhalation

The total amount of air the lungs can hold

Residual Volume

Total LungCapacity

Vital Capacity

Checking your Understanding

___ Amount of air that moves during a normal breath.

___ Amount of air that always remains in the lungs.

___ Total amount of air the lungs can hold .

___ Amount of air forcefully exhaled after deepest inhalation possible.

A.Total lung capacity

B.Residual volume

C. Tidal volumeD.Vital capacity

Match the following: ANSWER:

C

A

B

D

End of Chapter

The air of ideas is the only air

worth breathing.

~Edith Wharton

That In All Things God May Be Glorified!