Post on 01-Jan-2016
GqozoSebe
Afflicted Ciskei Headman ship and Tribal Authority System, amidst a Democratising
South African Countryside
Luvuyo Wotshela
Late 1980s – Early 1990s Insurrection
Tribal Authorities / Government Formations
Constituencies overlap significantly
Church Bodies Migrant Labourers Stock Farmers Civil Servants
Formations of Residents’ Association/ Civic Associations
(SANCO)
VS
Constituencies overlap significantly
Church Bodies Migrant Labourers Stock Farmers Civil Servants Youth & Women Formation
Ciskei Headman ship & TA System in Historical Context
1927 Act : State appointed Headman 1934 : General Council = Ciskei and Territories (imitate of Transkei's Bunga Headmen Mediators between African areas and the NAD during intro
of rehabilitation schemes 1951 B A Act: Imposition of TAs 1958 : Ciskei paramountcy revived under Velile Sandile (Mngqesha west of
King Williams Town) 1961: Ciskei Territorial Authority established with 31 TAs 1972: Ciskei granted self-governance
Glen Grey
Herschel
Hewu
Keiskammahoek
Mdantsane
Middledrift
Peddie
Victoria
East
Zwelitsha
No. of Tribal
Authorities
Three (3)
Six (6)
Four (4)
Two (2)
Five (5)
Two (2)
Seven (7)
Four (4)
Eight (8)
Names of Tribal
Authorities
HalaGcinaMhlontlo
AmaQwathiAmaVundlaAmaHlubiMyemaneBasothoBaTlokwa
ZulukamaShilohMdadlanaNdlovukazi
Keiskammahoek SouthKeiskammahoek North
KweleraNowawaNxaruniKwenxuraTsholomnqa
AmagqunukwebeGaika-Mbo
AmaHlubiTyefuMareledwanaDabiNjokweniMsutuBhele
ZwelonkeTyumeGagaHealdtown
AmahlekePeeltonImidushaneImiqayiAmaGaselaAmaNtindeAmahlati FingoZibulu
District Population
103,438 76,821 31,312 26,002 102,649 35,133 29,838 26,476 91,895
Overall Total Population 523,564
Ciskei districts and Tribal Authorities by 1972 (Jackson Survey)
Ciskei Pre-1975
Ciskei- after consolidation post-1975 (Wotshela, 2001)
TA System under Challenge
Adherence to TA Benefaction Land & related recourses within
TA controlled villages Access to basic services and
rights “schooling, health & welfare facilities”
Dissidents Non- Benefaction Informal access to Land & related
recourses within TA controlled villages
Informal access to basic services and rights “schooling, health & welfare facilities”
Occasionally terminated or withheld hence advocated for by NGOs and recruited by Civic organisations
TA System Crumbled
TA system crumbled but key challenges are persistent reinterating chieftaincy into the municipal system
Thank You