Post on 23-Jan-2016
description
Neutrinosin icecap ?
1988: Ed Zeller (Kansas) Francis
John Learned
1988: Pomerantz workshop, NSF Science and Technology Center for the South Pole (Andrew Westphal, Tim Miller, Doug Lowder,Buford Price)
1989: attempt of Westphal and Lowder to measure ice transparency in existing boreholes
Jan. 89, ICRC, Adelaide: Decide to proposeAmanda (Buford Price, Doug Lowder, Steve Barwick,Bob Morse, Francis Halzen, Alan Watson)
Greenland, August 13-16th 1990
Bruce Koci Tim Miller
+ Bob Morse
NatureSept 91
Bruce Koci ( 2006)
The success of AMANDA stood on two pillars: the Amundsen Scott Station and Bruce Koci.
South Pole Summer 91/92
Serap
Bob
Sweden joins (Stockholm, Uppsala)
IgorLiubarsky
Pat Mock
1 km
2 km
93/94
CATASTROPHAL DELAY OF LIGHT !
40 m
Vostok Data
Venice 1994
1 km
2 km
93/9440 m
But the photomultipliers are ticking like
Swiss watches !
• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „This is what Amanda sees !
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting! DESY joins
• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „This is what Amanda sees !
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting! DESY joins
• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „… and this is what DUMAND sees !“
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting! DESY joins
• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting DESY joins
• „Amanda is nothing more than a big calorimeter“
• „….and this is what DUMAND sees !“
• „You are a son of a bitch!“
• Sounds interesting DESY joins !
Albrecht Pat Mock
Albrechtfighting with the drill cable
Christian
Albrecht
Peter Wallenberg
Then Now
B4: first 2 neutrinos
Astroparticle Physics 2000
+ Mainz+ Wuppertal
+ Brussels+ Mons
The AMANDA collaborationend of the nineties
1 km
2 km
IceCube will work !
96/97 AMANDA - B10
120 m
The EVA event
NATURE 2001
NATURE 2001
No George Smoot!
Skyplot of thevery first 17Nu candidates in B10
B10 skyplot published in Nature 2001
Winterovers 1997
Robert Gary
1 km
2 km
120 m
3 long strings study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube
97/98
0.02 0.1 0.5
Scatteringcoefficient(1/m)vs. depth
1 km
2 km
120 m
3 long strings study deep and shallow ice for future IceCube
97/98
Steve
Paolo
Pat Mock
Dima
Azriel
1 km
2 km
AMANDA-II
99/00 200 m
Nearly horizontal
Point Sources: The Progress
factor
1000in 15 years !
Anotherfactor
1000 !
Nothing is guaranteed but history is on our side !
Challenges
The bubble problem
The ice challenge
Reconstructing tracks
Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
Working together and not against each other
Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
Working together andagainst Working together and
not against each other
The gain drop problem
The stuck string
The downhole camera
Finding the best technology
copper cable digital
optical fibre analog
copper cable digital
optical fibre analog
Coax cable Twisted pair cable Optical cable Optical cable, digital control (dAOM) Twisted pair cable, digital (DOM) string 18
TWR
SWAMPs
SN counters
Majority triggeranalog DMADDl
Spokesman Europe Spokesman US Principal Investigator
Joining two collaborations
• October 2005: Amanda and IceCube collaborations join
• 2006/07: Amanda detector is integrated into IceCube
What was your
happiest event
with AMANDA ?
String 1 deployed !
(January 9, 1996)
What was your
most tantalizing
event with AMANDA?
1 ES 1959+650
Year2000 2001 2002 2003
May June July
Flux ofTeV photons
(arb. units)
0
1
2
3
WHIPPL
E
Arrival time of neutrinos from the direction of the AGN ES1959+650
Nature is traditionally more imaginativethan physicistsare !
Hmm …with oneexception
Me …
What was your
most erotic event
with AMANDA ?
What could have
been your most
erotic event with
AMANDA?
What will be your most sentimental
event with AMANDA ?
The day we switch it
off !