Post on 18-Jan-2018
description
Goal: We will review soil notes from our lab and reading
experience. Soil Definition: a mixture of rock, organic material,
water, and air found on earths surface Kid Friendly Definition:
dirt that has food for plants so they can grow) Example: the soil
in our garden that we use to plant seeds Dirt Definition: soil that
has lost its characteristics to support life Kid Friendly
Definition: dead soil Example: dirt is under our fingernails and in
our shoes Permeability Definition: the ability of fluids to flow
through soil
Kid Friendly Definition: a maze of rocks that water can travel
through Example: water filtering through rocks to reach an aquifer
Physical Weathering Definition: rocks are broken down into smaller
pieces by natural forces Kid Friendly Definition:wind, air, water,
and ice breaking rocks apart-forces breaking rocks into small
pieces Example: a hurricane destroying a tree or lightening
destroying rock Chemical Weathering Definition: the chemical
composition of a rock that is changing Kid Friendly Definition:
rocks look different because of something that is changing inside
the rock Example: rocks changing color due to acid rain Humus
Definition: decomposed organic materials used to make soil
Kid Friendly Definition: Dead plants that help to make the soil
better for plants Example: dead plants and animals mixing into the
soil (compost) Aerate Definition: provides pockets of air in
soil
Kid Friendly Definition: small holes in the soil Example: pocking
holes in your yard so rain and nutrients can get through Soil
Horizons Definition: different layers of soil
Kid Friendly Definition: different colors in the soil that make up
layers Example: the layers of soil in your yard A Horizon
Definition: also called topsoil, contains organic matter like
roots, its well aerated, and contains Humus. Example:The A Horizon
contains earthworms and insects. B Horizon Definition: lighter in
color, fewer organism, some plant roots, contains iron oxides and
other materials leached from the A Horizon. Example:See picture to
the right! C Horizon Definition: mostly weathered material from the
surrounding rocks Example:see picture to the right Bedrock (R
Horizon) Definition;Also called the R layer, located under the C
Horizon, un-weathered rock from which soil can form Example:see
picture to the right O Horizon Definition:the surface layer that
contains large amounts of humus Example: see the surface layer to
the right Percolates Definition: the ability of fluids such as
water to flow through soil Kid Friendly Definition: Water goes
through soil Example: water flowing through soil to reach ground
water Leaching Definition: when water filters downward through soil
horizons carrying dissolved minerals Kid Friendly Definition:
minerals go down into the soil and goes under the topsoil Example:
water filtering through the grass in your backyard Soil Erosion
Definition: the transport of soil materials by wind, water, and ice
Kid Friendly Definition: Nature beating up soil and moving it
Example: when wind, water, and ice move soil to another place (see
picture) 3 MainSoil Textures Sand Silt Clay Mixture
Definition:something that is made of two or more things mixed
together Example: Soil is a mixture of sand, silt, and clay that
also contains organic materials Nutrients Definition:essential
chemical elements needed for healthy plant growth Example:soil that
has earthworms, insects, manure, and humus macronutrients
Definition:essential chemical elements needed in large amounts for
the growth of healthy plants Example: without macronutrients is
will be difficult for plants to grow Bugs, worms, and
burrowers
Definition:these organisms aerate and mix the soil Example:they
provide air within soil for plants to receive nutrients Potassium
Definition:helps a plant grow new cells and helps prevent disease
along with harsh weather conditions Example:helps plants grow
strong stems Phosphorus Definition:helps plants grow healthy roots,
helps plants grow strong, and produce flowers and fruit Example:see
the flowered picture to the right Nitrogen Definition:plants use
this to make chlorophyll along with supporting healthy green leaves
Example:(green part of the plant that helps in photosynthesis) PH
Definition: a measure of how acidic or basic something is
Example:there is a range of (0-7) where 0 is very acidic and 7 is
basic Identify Soil Type Step One
Find the percent of sand, silt, and clay after being given readings
A,B,and C. Example: use the formulas to calculate the below
percentages Silt: 20% Clay: 30% Sand: 50% Reading A = 10 cm Reading
B = 5 cmReading C = 7cm % sand (Reading B )________ X 100 /
(Reading A) ______ = _________________________ % silt ((Reading C)
______ - (Reading B) _____ )= x 100 / (Reading A) _______ =
__________________ % clay 100 % Sand ______ - % Silt ______ =
___________________ Identify Soil Type (Soil Triangle)
The soil to the right would be a Sandy Clay Loam. We use the soil
percentages from the previous slide and used this triangle pyramid
to locate the soil type. You will be provided a triangle on the
assessment and will need to calculate the soil percentages as
modeled on the previous slide. Soil Facts (potential short answer
question)
Soil provides life for other organisms such as microorganisms that
depend on soil for food Soil is a mixture of rock, organic
material, water, and air found on earths surface Soil provides
nutrients for plants that use photosynthesis to make their own food
to feed other organisms and release oxygen into the air so
organisms can breathe More Growing Facts: Nitrogen: helps plants
grow faster Potassium: gives plants new cells Phosphorus: helps
develop root systems in plants