Post on 16-Jan-2015
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Goal 4:The Great West
and the Rise of the Debtors(1860s-1896)
4.01 Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they experienced.
4.02 Evaluate the impact that settlement in the West had upon different groups of people and the environment.
4.03 Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and decline of Populism.
4.04 Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on the West.
Comstock LodeTranscontinental RailroadPromontory Point, UT Roles of Irish… Chinese … African-AmericansBuffalo Soldiers Sand Creek MassacreChief Joseph Battle of Little Big HornNez Perce Wounded KneeDawes Severalty Act Century of DishonorOklahoma Land Rush Cattle TrailsHomestead Act Morrill Land GrantRoles of women Sod housesWindmill Steel PlowBarbed Wire
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
1. What national issues emerged in the process of closing the western frontier?
2. Why does the West hold such an important place in the American imagination?
3. In what ways is the West romanticized in American culture?
The Frontier
Population Changes in the West, 1850 to 1900
Groups of the West
1. Miners2. Railroad Companies3. Cowboys & Ranchers4. Native Americans5. White farmers6. Ethnic Minorities
(Blacks, Hispanics, & Asians)
Key TensionsKey Tensions
Native Americans
Buffalo HuntersRailroadsU. S. Gov.
Cattlemen Sheep Herders
Ranchers Farmers
Key TensionsKey Tensions
EthnicMinorities
Nativists
Environmentalists
Big Business Local Gov. OfficialsFarmersBuffalo Hunters
Lawlessness of the Frontier
“Civilizing” Forces
[The “Romance” of the West]
Group: MinersKey Events
–1848: a series of “big strikes” in CA, NV, CO
• Key People– ’49ers–Civil War Vets–Young men–Some families
Gold Panning
Sluicing
ProspectingProspecting
Mining Centers: 1900
Mining Centers: 1900
Group: Laborers/Workers
• Key Events– 1869: 1st transcontinental railroad
meets in Promontory Pt., Utah
Promontory, Utah
Promontory Point, UT(May 10, 1869)
Promontory Point, UT(May 10, 1869)
Railroad ConstructionRailroad Construction
Group: Laborers/Workers
• Key People– Irish: from East– Chinese: from West– African Americans
Group: Laborers/Workers
• Government Policies/Legislation– Gov’t. gives land to railroad companies
but doesn’t regulate rates they charge or rail gauge/ width
Regional Population Distribution
by Race: 1900
Regional Population Distribution
by Race: 1900
Regional Population Distribution
by Race: 1900
Regional Population Distribution
by Race: 1900
Black“Exoduster”Homestead
ers
Blacks Moving West
The Buffalo Soldiers on the Great Plains
The Buffalo Soldiers on the Great Plains
The Buffalo Soldiers & the Indian Wars
The Buffalo Soldiers & the Indian Wars
The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”
Exclusion Act (1882) - Oriental Exclusion Act - Chinese Exclusion Act
The Tong Wars: 1850s-1920sThe Tong Wars: 1850s-1920s
Began in San Francisco in 1875.
African American & ChinesePopulations:
1880-1900
African American & ChinesePopulations:
1880-1900
Group: Native Americans
• Key Events– Chivington (aka Sand
Creek) Massacre: 200+ Natives killed
– Custer’s Last Stand: 200 Americans killed
– Battle of Wounded Knee: 300 Natives killed
• Key People– Col Chivington– Gen. Custer– Sitting Bull– Crazy Horse
Group: Native Americans
• Cultural Characteristics– Total reliance on
buffalo– White slaughter led
to starvation
1871-1875:
11,000,000 bison
slaughtered!
Group: Native Americans
• Government Policies/ Legislation– Reservation system– Broken treaties– Dawes Act- tried “Americanization”
ColoradoGold Rush
(1859)
Colonel John ChivingtonColonel John Chivington
Kill and scalp all, big and little!
Sandy Creek, CO Massacre
November 29, 1864
Capt. William J. FettermanCapt. William J. Fetterman
80 soldiers massacredDecember 21, 1866
Gold Found in the Black
Hills of the Dakota
Territory!
1874
Gold Found in the Black
Hills of the Dakota
Territory!
1874
The Battle of Little Big Horn1876
The Battle of Little Big Horn1876
Chief Sitting Bull
Gen. GeorgeArmstrong
Custer
Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever!
Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever!
Nez Percé tribal
retreat (1877)
Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause
Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause
Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson
A Century of Dishonor (1881)
Ramona (1884)
A Century of Dishonor (1881)
Ramona (1884)
Dawes Severalty Act (1887):
Assimilation Policy
Dawes Severalty Act (1887):
Assimilation Policy
Carlisle Indian School, PA
Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890
Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890
Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body
Wounded Knee, SD, 1890
Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body
Wounded Knee, SD, 1890
Mt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SDMt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SD
Crazy Horse Monument:Black Hills, SD
Crazy Horse Monument:Black Hills, SD
Lakota ChiefLakota Chief
Korczak Ziolkowski, SculptorCrazy Horse Monument
Korczak Ziolkowski, SculptorCrazy Horse Monument
His vision of the finished memorial.
His vision of the finished memorial.
Oklahoma Land Rush of
1889
Group: Cowboys/Ranchers
• Key Events– Corralling +
Branding + Long drive to railroads
– 1883- droughts– 1887- blizzard– 1880- barbed wire ends the open range
Group: Cowboys/Ranchers
• Key People:– Joseph McKoy: ran Abilene stockyard– Buffalo Bill Hickok’s Wild West show– Calamity Jane
Group: Cowboys/Ranchers
• Government Policies/Legislation– The gov’t. gave land to railroad
companies to sell so they could raise money to build the railroads
Group: Cowboys/Ranchers
• Cultural characteristics:– Boots– Spurs– Chaps– 6 shooters– Good songs– Loneliness
The
Cattle
Trails
The
Cattle
Trails
The Bronc BusterFrederick Remington
Black Cowboys
Colt .45 RevolverColt .45 Revolver
God didn’t make men equal.Colonel Colt did!
Legendary Gunslingers & Train Robbers
Legendary Gunslingers & Train Robbers
Jesse James
Billy the Kid
Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890
Group: Farmers
Group: Farmers
• Government Policies/ Legislation– Homestead Act of 1862: 160 acres of
free land– Morrill Act: Est. farm colleges– Hatch Act: Funds farm research
NCSU Freshman
class 1889
Group: Farmers
• Key People– Families– Women are key
– Keep house, educate kids, prepare food, make clothing
Group: Farmers
• Cultural characteristics– Sod houses – Dugouts– Plows– Windmills– Reapers
Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890
Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890
Rain Follows the Plow!Rain Follows the Plow!
Homesteads From Public LandsHomesteads From Public Lands
1887Land
PromotionPosterfor theDakota
Territories
1887Land
PromotionPosterfor theDakota
Territories
What is the Message of this Picture?
What is the Message of this Picture?
The Reality: “My First House in Neb, 1880”
The Reality: “My First House in Neb, 1880”
The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD
The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD
A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD
Land Use: 1880sLand Use: 1880s
New AgriculturalTechnology
New AgriculturalTechnology
“Prairie Fan”Water Pump
Steel Plow [“Sod Buster”]
Barbed WireBarbed Wire
Joseph GliddenJoseph Glidden
The Range WarsThe Range Wars
SheepHerders
CattleRanchers
The Traditional View of the West
The Traditional View of the West
William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West
Show
William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West
Show
“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull
“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull
Legendary Female Western Characters
Legendary Female Western Characters
Calamity JaneCalamity Jane Annie OakleyAnnie Oakley
The Fall of the Cowboy
Frederick Remington
What were the long-term
effects of westward
expansion?
Destruction of the Buffalo Herds
Destruction of the Buffalo Herds
The near extinction of the buffalo.
Yellowstone National ParkYellowstone National Park
First national park established
in 1872.
National ParksNational Parks
Conservation MovementConservation Movement
John Muir
With President Theodore Roosevelt
Sierra ClubSierra Club
Founded in 1892