Post on 20-Jul-2015
GNSS Jamming Detection, Localization and Mitigation
Dr. ing. Marco Lisi European Space Agency
12/03/2015 1 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Summary • All critical infrastructures of our society are tightly linked to
GNSS s (mainly GPS). Any major disruption of GNSS services can throw them off and cause outages with potentially disastrous effects;
• GNSSs, such as GPS and Galileo, besides suffering from intrinsic limitations (e.g. too weak radio signals, not allowing for indoor, underground and underwater applications), are vulnerable and exposed to many threats, such as cyber-attacks, jamming and spoofing;
• To guarantee a reliable, continuous and resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service a full, seamless integration of GNSS and of non-GNSS infrastructures and platforms is needed;
• Moreover, advanced anti-jamming receivers, based on digital beam-forming and software-defined radio technologies, have to be developed.
12/03/2015 2 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Critical Infrastructure GPS Dependencies
12/03/2015 3 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Commercial GNSS (GPS) Jammers
Susceptibility to Interference/Jamming
Military Vehicle-Mounted GPS Jammers
12/03/2015 6 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
GNSS Threats: Spoofing • Spoofing is the possibility to generate, through relatively inexpensive and
technologically simple equipment, fake replicas of GNSS signals. In this way, it is possible to provide to the attacked user or infrastructure inaccurate information about both location and time;
• The reality of this type of threat was glamorously proven in 2013 by a team of researchers from the University of Texas. They boarded a 65-meter, $80 million luxury yacht named “White Rose of the Drachs”, sailing from Monaco to the island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean.
Is GNSS a Time Bomb?
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IT DOES NOT NEED TO BE!
North Korea’s e-Loran System
Multi-Sensor, Data Fusion Platforms
DARPA's “timing & inertial measurement unit” (TIMU)
MICRO-TECHNOLOGY FOR POSITIONING, NAVIGATION AND TIMING
(MICRO-PNT)
Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC)
Future PNT System of Systems Infrastructure
Non-GNSS PNT Systems
Autonomous PNT Platforms
GNSSs
eLoran Wi-Fi
GSM SOPs
GNSS Receivers Anti-Jamming Techniques
12/03/2015 12 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
• Analogue Filtering (e.g. SAW) at RF and Digital Signal Processing at baseband (pre-correlation) to reduce out-of-band interferences and suppress interfering signals before de-spreading. Increased resolution of Analogue-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) for higher dynamic range;
• Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) with Analogue Beam-Forming (pre-correlation);
• Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) with Digital Beam-Forming (pre-correlation);
• Antenna/Receiver in Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology with adaptive digital beam-forming and digital signal processing (post correlation, i.e. to maximize the overall C/(J+N).
GPS Anti-Jamming Receiver (U-blox)
12/03/2015 13 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Spatial Nulling and Beamforming (1/2)
12/03/2015 14 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Spatial Nulling and Beamforming (2/2)
12/03/2015 15 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Principle of Adaptive Array Antenna
12/03/2015 16 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
GPS Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas (CRPAs) with Anti-Jamming Capabilities
12/03/2015 17 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Software Defined Radio (SDR) with Adaptive Beam Steering for Anti-Jam Applications
12/03/2015 18 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
12/03/2015 19 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
Conclusions • Whether we like it or not, our society has become essentially
dependent on the world Positioning, Navigation and Timing infrastructure, today mainly based on GNSSs;
• Many critical infrastructures of our society would literally collapse in case of a total, worldwide GNSS failure;
• The world urgently needs an even stronger, more resilient and more versatile PNT system of systems;
• In parallel, advanced antenna/receiver architectures, based on adaptive beam-forming and software-defined radio technologies, are also needed, in order to counteract intentional and unintentional jamming.
12/03/2015 20 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
OOPS! I have not finished yet…
Let us not forget about the role of Education
12/03/2015 21 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
GNSS Education in the Secondary School: Istituto Tecnico Superiore Statale (ITSS)
“Majorana-Giorgi” - Genova
12/03/2015 22 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
SPACE CHALLENGES (http://www.spaceedu.net/
12/03/2015 23 M. Lisi - Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Conference - Warsaw
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