GM LOCOMOTIVE

AN OVERVIEW

MODERN TRENDS IN DIESEL

TECHNOLOGY

• Environment Friendly – Emission Control

• Low Fuel and Lube Oil Consumption

• Low Maintenance Input

• High Availability and Reliability

• High Tractive Effort

• Operational Flexibility

• AC/AC Traction

WORLD SCENERIO OF DIESEL

LOCO TECHNOLOGY Pre 1960 1960-1985 1985-1995 1995 onwards

RHP/T 10 15 20 30

Aux drive Mech

drive

Mech

drive

Motor

drive

Motor

drive

T/Gen DC AC AC AC

T/Motor DC DC DC AC

Wheel slip Detect Detect &

Correct

Micro

processor

control

Controlled

creep

Adhesion 22% 27% 33% 42%

FREIGHT LOCO: WDG4

COMPARISON WITH OTHER

LOCOS

WDM2 GM LOCO

Availability 81% >90%

Trip

schedule 10-15 days 90 days

Starting

Tract Effort 30.4 t 53 t

COMPARISON WITH OTHER

LOCOS

WDM2 GM LOCO

Balancing Speed(kmph) 59 85 (4700 t-level)

Lube Oil Consumption 1.5 0.5 (% of Fuel)

SFC (gm/Bhp Hr) 156 153

BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY

• High adhesion

• Improved safety

• Ease of maintenance

• Operational flexibility

• Economy

• Cleaner environment

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

HIGH ADHESION

Starting Load on 1:150 Gradient

BOXN Tonnes

WDM 2 33 2700

WDG 2 47 3850

WAG 5 38 3110

WAG 9 52 4258

WDG4 58 4750

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY HIGH ADHESION

Radar based creep control system perfected by GM through years of research. Pioneers in this technology. So far unsurpassed.

Enables very high exploitation of adhesion resulting in tractive efforts much beyond that obtained on higher horse power electric or diesel locomotives

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

High Adhesion – Mechanism

• 4000 hp WDG4 hauls more than 6000 hp locos

• Normally, due to slip between rail and wheels full power of a loco is not converted into traction

• WDG4 technology keeps friction very close to limiting (peak) friction and prevents uncontrolled slip. It keeps comparing the wheel speed with land speed with the help of a radar

• This permits full exploitation of adhesion to be applied in traction

WDG4 Adhesion Control The Concept

F

V

Close watch on control of slip made possible due to a land

speed sensing radar, which keeps the slip in the blue zone.

Normal locos

operate in this

region and

never reach

the peak

friction in a

controlled way

Max exploitation of creep

By achieving a controlled

slip WDG4 maximizes

traction.

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED SAFETY

• Blending of dynamic and air brakes, not available on any other electric or diesel locomotive in India

• Higher safety due to better dynamic brakes; nearly 50 % higher braking power as compared to conventional locomotives effective right down to standstill

• Inbuilt vigilance control device ensures that driver is alert

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

BLENDED BRAKES Optimises mix of dynamic and air brakes

to minimise wear on wheel and brake blocks

This braking effort is available

From Dynamic Braking

Speed

At higher speeds dynamic braking

does not provide enough braking

power. Balance made up by

air brake intelligently

BENEFITS OF GM TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED SAFETY

Dynamic Braking 58 BOXNs from 65 km/h speed

0

20

40

60

80

00.5 1

1.5 2

2.5 3

3.5

Braking distance (km)

Sp

d(k

m/h

)

WDM2

WDG4

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

EASE OF MAINTENANCE

• Modular design of sub-systems

• State of the art on board diagnostics for monitoring

of loco health and performance

• AC motors for traction as well as auxiliaries

• Self load test feature

• Major Maintenance Schedules

– Top overhaul after 3 years

– Bogie overhaul after 6 years

– Complete overhaul (POH) after 18 years

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY

• Compatibility with heavy haul loads hauled by

highest power electric loco.

• Fewer Shed visits: once in 92 days

• Loco can travel long distances from shed

• Starting at gradients no problem

Operational Flexibility-II

• One loco can do the job of two conventional

• Locotrol compatibile

• Fit for high speed 100kmph freight trains

• Remote diagnostics allows constant monitoring

TRACTIVE EFFORT

Loco Type HP Weight Adhesio

n TE

WDM3

A AC/DC 3100 112.8 27% 31 T

WDM3

D AC/DC 3300 117 31% 36 T

WDG3 AC/DC 3300 123 33% 41 T

WDG4 AC/AC 4000 126 42% 53 T

WAG5 AC/DC 4000 119 27% 33 T

WAG7 AC/DC 6000 123 33% 41 T

WAG9 AC/AC 6000 123 38% 47 T

GOODS LOCOS

Type Gros

s HP

Start

Tractive

Effort (KN)

Specific

Fuel

Consumpt

ion

Balancing

speed 59

BOXN

Wagons

WDM2 2600 298 163 58 Kmph

WDG3A 3100 398 156 65 Kmph

WDG4 4000 540 154 75 Kmph

WDG4 4500 540 154 82 Kmph

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

ECONOMY

10% higher Availability means fewer locomotives

Lesser maintenance means one third staff

Lesser Maintenance means smaller

shed infrastructure

Higher HP and tractive effort means longer and faster trains, hence higher throughput, quicker turnaround

Fuel consumption reduced by 20%

FUEL SAVING

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

NOTCH

SF

C GM

ALCO

BENEFITS OF GM

TECHNOLOGY

CLEANER ENVIRONMENT

Has better exhaust emissions

WDG4 meets American Standards in

emission control. Means minimal pollution.

Upgradable to Tier II

More fuel efficient design hence lower consumption of fossil fuels

EXHAUST EMISSIONS

Nox HC CO

GM0

5

10

15

GM

Alco

PASSENGER LOCO: WDP4

WDP4 to WDP4D

• 19.5 T axle load and 160 kmph

• Ao1Ao1 configuration-4 motor

• Changed to six motor 120kmph WDP4B

• Changed to dual cab 135kmph WDP4D

NEW CONCEPTS AND

TECHNOLOGIES • HIGH TRACTION BOGIE

• RADIAL BOGIE

• THREE PHASE AC:AC TRACTION

• NEW MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

High Tractive Effort High speed Bogie

BENEFITS OF MICRO PROCESSOR

AC:AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

• BETTER SLIP CONTROL & HIGHER

ADHESION- ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS HAVE

STEEP SPEED TORQUE CHARACTERISTIC.

• ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS CAN ALWAYS BE

OPERATED AT THE OPTIMAL POINT OF

THEIR CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

• A/SYN MOTORS HAVE HIGHER POWER TO

WEIGHT RATIO

• ALL MOTORS ARE CONNECTED IN PARALLEL

• ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM PROVIDES

CONTROLLED CREEP

TURBO CLEAN ROOM

DECK MILLING

LASER HARDENING

• Laser hardened liners instead of chrome

plated

• DLW has set up laser hardening facility

LAYOUT

EQUIPMENT RACK

ENGINE

TURBO

ALTERNATOR

NOMEMCLATURE

710 G 3 B

NEW GEN FUEL ECONOMY ENG

RAILROAD ENG TURBOCHARGED

EVOLUTION

567: A-D

645: E-F

710: G

CUBIC INCH VOL PER

CYL

ELECTRIC MACHINES

EMD locomotives Alco locomotives

Squirrel cage Traction Motor

WDG4: 1TB 2622 OTA 02

WDP4: 1TB 2622 OTB 02

DC Series Traction Motor

WDG3A : 4907 AZ

WDM3D: 5002

Traction Alternator (TA17 CA9)

Consists: TA+ CA+ Rectifier

Traction Alternator 10102EV

(Rectifier, AG and Excited

separately mounted on

Alternator)

DB hatch Horizontal Type or EMD type

Radiator Cooling Fan (AC 3 phase

machine)

Fan Driven by ECC

Auxiliary Generator (AC 3 Phase

Generator with pilot exciter)

Auxiliary Generator (DC Shunt

type, Series winding provided

for starting)

Starter Motor Auxiliary Generator + Exciter

Location of Electrical Machines

DB Fans Alternator

Traction Motor

Radiator Cooling Fans

Dust bin blower

Starting Motor

Aux Gen

TL soak back pump motor

DB Vs Speed Characteristic (ALCO)

DB Vs Speed Characteristic (EMD)

Generator

DIESEL

ENGINE

TRACTION MOTOR FLEXIBLE

COUPLING

DC-DC TRACTION DRIVE

Alternator

DIESEL

ENGINE

TRACTION MOTOR FLEXIBLE

COUPLING

AC-DC TRACTION DRIVE

3 PHASE

CONTROLLED

OUTPUT

Rectifier

Alternator

+

Rectifier

DIESEL

ENGINE

TCC

TRACTION MOTOR DC LINK CAPACITOR FLEXIBLE

COUPLING

AC-AC TRACTION DRIVE

3 PHASE

CONTROLLED

OUTPUT

Evolution of loco brakes - I

• 28LAV-1/ IRAB-1

– Discrete valves scattered all over loco

– Control through pneumatic valves

• Rack Mounted Brake system

– Brake valves fitted on rack

– Control through pneumatic valves

• Panel Mounted Brake system

– Brake valves fitted on rack, PCB concept for piping

– Control through pneumatic valves

Evolution of loco brakes - II

• Electronic (D&M E-70)

– Electrical signal from driver’s desk to panel

– Pneumatic logic control

– Used on WAG9 locomotives

• CCB

– Microprocessor-based control

– Panel mounted modular design with minimum valves

– Introduced by Knorr Bremse in 1989

– Used on WDG4 and WDP4 locomotives

Equipment Rack

CENTRALIZED AIR SYSTEM • A source of clean air is

required for the locomotive to operate effectively

• The heart of the clean air system is a section of the Carbody.

• The rear of the electrical cabinet makes up the front wall of the air compartment.

• The back wall is made up of the main generator and a partition fitted around the main generator

• One opening is provided for air to the engine and another opening is provided for auxiliary generator and main generator blower drive

THANK YOU