Post on 12-Oct-2020
Globalization of IPM Technologies and Management of Invasive Species R. Muniappan Director, Innovation Lab: CRP-IPM Virginia Tech March 11, 2014
Office of International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Tech
Southeast Asia
West Africa
South Asia
East Africa
Central Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
IPM CRSP Host Country Regions in 2009–2014
6 Regions | 17 Countries
Kenya
Uganda Tanzania
India
Nepal Bangladesh
Indonesia
Cambodia Philippines
Tajikistan Honduras
Guatemala Ecuador
Senegal
Ghana Mali
IPM package for tomato
• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis
• Use of neem cake and other organics
• Selecting resistant varieties and disease-free seeds
• Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt, Fusarium, nematodes and others
• Staking and mulching
• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers, whiteflies, etc.
• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa, Spodoptera and fruit flies
• Rogueing and host-free period adoption for control of virus diseases
• Use of biopesticides such as neem
• Multiplication of parasitoids and predators for inundative releases
• Production and use of microbial pesticides such as NPV, Metarhizium, and Beauveria
• Eggplant and tomato grafting
in Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Uganda, Mali,
Senegal and others
• Trichoderma in Nepal, India, Kenya,
Bangladesh, Cambodia and others
• Bio and microbial pesticides in Nepal,
India, Indonesia,, Bangladesh, and others
• Pheromones traps in Nepal, India,
Bangladesh, Kenya and others
• Parasitoids and Predators in India,
Bangladesh, Tanzania, Honduras and
others
IPM technologies privatized and
scaled up
Trichoderma and Pseudomonas
Trichoderma and Pseudomonas production in India Trichoderma production in Nepal
Trichoderma production in Bangladesh Trichoderma production in Indonesia
State Place of Production
Kerala Kottayam, Manarcadu, Moonar, Trivandrum, Palghat
Karnataka Mysore, Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Guntur
Maharashtra Yavatmal, Pune, Mumbai, Nashik,
AP Vijayawada, Vishakhapatnam, Nellore,
Rajasthan Nohar, Jaipur
MP Mandasur, Indore
West Bengal Medinipur, Bollygunje, Calcutta
Gujarat Gujarat
Tamil Nadu Coimbatore, Chennai, Theni,
Others Varanasi, Ghaziabad, Allahabad
Total Firms 86 – Production capacity: 17200 tonnes/annum
Private sector in India producing Trichoderma with the strain received from TNAU
Production and distribution of quality seeds
• Virus-free and virus-tolerant varieties
• Bacterial wilt-resistant varieties
• Heat-tolerant varieties • Good quality seeds • Suitable to local conditions
Seed-borne Virus Diseases Workshop – Kathmandu, Nepal, April 7-11, 2014 International Seed-borne Diseases Workshop – Hyderabad, India, June 2-5, 2014
Use of trays and coconut dust for production of healthy seedlings
Eggplant grafting in Bangladesh:
• Eggplant yield ↑ 249% in Bangladesh
• Income ↑ 305% in Bangladesh
• Technology transferred from Uganda to Ohio
• Technology transferred to India, Nepal, Philippines, Uganda, Honduras, Ecuador, and Kenya
Eggplant and tomato grafting to overcome Bacterial wilt
Bacterial wilt and papaya mealybug workshop Dakar, Senegal, May 12-16, 2014
Production and use of pheromones
Pheromone production in India
Pheromone use in India
Pheromone use in Bangladesh
Production of biological control agents
NPV production in India
Parasitoid production in Bangladesh
Predaceous mites production in Honduras
Mass culture of insects for insect pathogen production
An egg parasitoid
Production of biopesticides
Bollcure – prepared from eucalyptus leaves by TERI, India
Neem trees
Neem seed extract in Indonesia
Biopesticides Workshop, Kathmandu/Chitwan, Nepal, last week of May or Early June, 2014
Peanut bud necrosis virus of tomato
• Transmitted by thrips
• Common in India
• Rogueing is effective in controlling this virus
Peanut bud necrosis virus-infected tomato
Unrogued field
Rogued field
Papaya mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus
• Native to Mexico
• First described in 1992
• Caribbean: 1995-2000
• Pacific: 2000-2005
• Asia: 2008
• West Africa: 2009
IPM Innovation Lab prevented its introduction to Nepal by controlling it in southern India. Benefit to India: $500 million to $1.37 billion.
Cassava mealybug in Indonesia
Tuta absoluta in Senegal and Ethiopia
Groundnut leafminer damage in Uganda
Banana leaf-roller in Nepal and India
Invasive species
Current Invasive areas of Tuta absoluta
Invasive weed: Parthenium hysterophorus
• For the biological control of Parthenium, built a quarantine facility in Ethiopia
• Imported Zygogramma bicolorata
• Host specificity tests completed
• EA completed
• Started field release in October 2013
Spreading in Eastern and Southern Africa
Zygogramma bicolorata
Parthenium-infested field
Country and Authors
Crop IPM Practice(s) Net Benefits (millions)
Uganda, Moyo et al, 2007
Peanuts Virus resistant variety $33-36
Mali, Nouhoheflin, et al, 2011
Tomato Cultural $21-24
Uganda, Debass, 2000 Beans and maize Cultural $36-202
Bangladesh, Debass, 2000
Eggplant, cabbage Cultural practices $26-29
Bangladesh, Rakshit et al, 2011
Cucurbits Pheromone traps $3-6
Ecuador, Baez, 2004 Plantain Cultural $59-63
Ecuador, Quishpe, 2001
Potatoes Resistant variety $50
Albania, Daku, 2002 Olives Cultural $39-52
Honduras, Sparger, et al, 2011
Eggplant, onion, tomato, and pepper
Cultural practices $17
India, Myrick, et al, 2014
Mulberry, papaya, cassava
Papaya mealybug parasitoid release
$500 - 1,370
Selected Impacts of the IPM IL
IPM CRSP Cost: Benefit Ratio
• IPM CRSP Budget for 20 Years
$50 Million
• Benefits from IPM CRSP
$784 to 1,849 Millions
• Cost:Benefit
1:15 to 37 (This ratio is based on impact assessment of 10 IPM technologies implemented in 10 countries. Over 100 more technologies implemented are yet to be assessed. Assessing these may lead to a ratio of 1:150 to 300)
Women coffee growers in Nepal
Members of a women coffee-grower’s association meet to discuss the group’s latest activities.
Thank You!