GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

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What is SustainableMeeting the needs of the presentgeneration without compromising the needs of future generation.The world commission of Environment and Development1987(Our common future).

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INTRODUCTION OF:

1.LAND2.ATMOSPHERE

3.HYDROSPHERE 4. BIOSPHERE

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LANDLand Area 13,128,841 HectaresCrop Land 1, 477,877 HectaresPermanent 3.322.943 HectarespastureForest and 4,095,317 HectaresWood landWild area 3,486,097 HectaresPopulation Density 403 (per 1000 Hectares)

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HYDROSPHERE

OCEAN WATER 97.3%Only 0.007% of oceanic water distributed to Terrestrial area annually.Average: Residence time = 10 days

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ATMOSPHERE:Region Temp. Altitude Significant oC Miles ChemicalTroposphere 15 to-56 0 to 11 N2 02 CO2 H20 Stratosphere - 56 to –2 11 to 50 O3Mesosphere -2 to-92 50 to 85 O2+NO+Thermosphere -92 to 1200 85 to 500 02+,0, NO+.

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BIOSPHERE

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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Ozone Depletion. Global Climate Change. Sea Level Rise

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OZONE DEPLETION

In 1985 Ozone concentration aboveAntarctica had plunged more than

40%as compared to 1960 (Nature).Most Scientist – Disbelief.After several months, a hole forms

inozone layer.

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OZONE•At stratosphere Shield against

harmful ultraviolet radiation.•Near ground as Green house

gas and health hazard.•One chlorine atom can destroy

1 lac ozone molecule.•Effects on life.

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OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCE

CFC 11 for Plastic foam – 60 yearCFC 12 for refrigerant - 120 yearCFC 113 for solvent cleaning electronic.CFC 1l4 : 90 year & Halon 1301, Halon 1211& 2402 forfire Extinguishers – 25 to 110 years.

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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE• Introduction:• The Green House Effect:

Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide,Methane and CFC.

• Ozone depletion• Acid Rain• Deforestation• Global Warming & Agriculture

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SEA LEVEL RISE

Causes of Sea level rise:• Global warming• Expanding ocean water• Melting mountain glaciers• Polar ice sheets to melt or

slide down into ocean.

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Ice Potential for Sea Level Rise:• Northern Hemisphere - 75 Mtr.• Alpine glacier. - 30 to 60

Cm.• Greenland and - 7 Mtr. west Antarctic • East Antarctic - 60 Mtr.

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Effects of Sea Level Rise:

• Costal Erosion.• Inundation.• Flooding and storm damage.• Increase salinity in Estuaries

and • Aquifers.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Development:Improving well being of people.

•Use of Resources•Degrading of Environment.

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The Nature of the challenge• Population• Water supply & Sanitation.• Energy and Industry.• Controlling pollution.• Food demand.

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A Strategy for Sustainable Development

• Natural Resources.• Bio-resources.• Concept of energy and

Alternative resources of energy.

• Ethnobotony.• Case study.

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THANK YOU

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