GLG110 Geologic Disasters and the EnvironmentGLG110 Geologic Disasters and the Environment

InstructorsProfessor Ramon Arrowsmith Professor Amanda Clarke

Email: ramon.arrowsmith@asu.edu amanda.clarke@asu.edu

Office: PSF-640 480-965-5081 PSF-636 480-965-6590

March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan M9.0 Earthquake March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan M9.0 Earthquake

http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n11/fig_tab/ngeo341_F1.html

Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANMagnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANFriday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Friday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC

Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday March 11, 2011. This is one of the largest earthquakes that Japan has ever experienced.

. USGS

Part of houses swallowed by

tsunami burn in Sendai, Miyagi

Prefecture (state) after Japan was

struck by a strong earthquake off its

northeastern coast Friday, March 11,

2011.

New York Times

In downtown Tokyo, large buildings shook violently and there is severe flooding due to a tsunami generated by the earthquake.

Tsunami waves swept away houses and cars in northern Japan and pushed ships aground.

The tsunami waves traveled far inland, the wave of debris racing across the farmland, carrying boats and houses with it.

Houses were washed away by tsunami in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture in eastern Japan, after Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the northeastern coast.

New York Times

Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANMagnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANFriday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Friday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC

The tsunami, seen crashing into homes in Natori, Miyagi prefecture. AP

Simple model for subduction earthquakes and tsunamis

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVaDXsqLUtI

Seismicity animation:http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/Japan2011EQ/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jSHDa-7-cQ

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, 03/08/11 - 03/16/11

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, M:Time History

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Finite Fault Model USGS V1 - 7 hrs after OT

Compact rupture, mostly bilateral about epicenter, peak slip up dip of hypocenter.

Rupture was likely restricted to the shallow trench, and GPS vectors suggest slip did not reach the plate boundary beneath the coastline.

Peak slips closer to 40+ m, inferred from updated modeling.

Box is 580 km long and 190 km wideZone of main slip is 300 km long and ~150 wide

Evolving displacement field

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QCcVqZgNKw

http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/03/magnitude-8-9-or-9-0-or-9-1-earthquake-off-the-coast-of-japan/

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http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/03/magnitude-8-9-or-9-0-or-9-1-earthquake-off-the-coast-of-japan/

http://www.eqh.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~mori/Sendai/sendai.htm

Rupture animation

http://www.iris.edu/spud/gmv/4841

Wavefield in US

March 21, 2011 estimates:18,000 deaths$235B to rebuild

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Acceleration

1g = 9.8e+002 gal

+/-17%g

6 minutes

Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Velocity

Videos from Tokyo and nearby

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQVPfQu50yY

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dN4NBK1veb0

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64PEo29hBGY

http://tremblingearth.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/more-unique-perspectives-of-the-8-9-quake/

http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/03/magnitude-8-9-or-9-0-or-9-1-earthquake-off-the-coast-of-japan/

Tsunami

• http://www.youtube.com/user/NOAAPMEL?feature=mhum#p/c/3/PBZGH3yieLc -- Propagation

• http://www.abc.net.au/news/events/japan-quake-2011/beforeafter.htm damage sliders

Tsunami videos

• http://www.youtube.com/user/citizentube#grid/user/0870831CE43351E1

• http://www.youtube.com/citizentube?feature=ticker#p/c/0870831CE43351E1/2/-DSSssHxm4Y

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M535NGr9vbo

• http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2011/03/11/sot.tsunami.hit.japan.cnn?hpt=T1

http://tremblingearth.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/footage-of-the-march-11-tsunami-around-the-pacific/

http://www.jma.go.jp/en/tsunami/observation_04_20110313180559.html

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Maui tsunami effects

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRZvK7FG020&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

A History Of Large Earthquakes

Data: USGS PAGERCAT 1900-2008, USGS-NEIC & gCMT 2008-present

Figure courtesy of Charles Ammon, after Ammon et al., SRL, 2010

Japan

http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/retm/tm_110311_japan/PNW_vs_Japan.swf

Cascadia and Japan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5a1xXJPdrs

Orphan Tsunami