Presented byWednesday, November 18, 2015

2

GIS is:GIS is:

Plus a Map

A database

A Database: A Map:

4

Most DatabasesContain spatial data

• Addresses• Map Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)

Spatial Data at the School Student Addresses - Where do

students live? What countries are students from? What is the best route to school?

Many Uses for GIS

Uses of GIS• Transportation – road networks, planning, routing• Natural Resources – animal tracking, habitat analysis• Geology & Geophysics – geologic mapping, earthquake, volcano, other

hazards mapping, mining, oil and gas exploration• Environment – land use, water quality modeling• City Planning – road work planning, utility line routing• Fire and police emergency response, communication, routing• Business – where to locate stores, where are customers• Military – targeting, best route, terrain analysis• Disaster Planning and Response – identify flood zones, damaged

buildings• Tourism – National Park maps, city maps, Metro map, etc.• Epidemiology/Public Health – patterns in disease outbreaks

Uses of GIS• Agriculture• Archaeology• Architecture and Landscape Architecture• Defense• Engineering• Journalism• Meteorology• Oceanography• Law Enforcement• Urban/Regional Planning• And much more

Geographic Analysis

∗ Helps answer questions such as:∗ Where is it?∗ What else is nearby?∗ Where is the highest concentration of ‘X’?∗ Where can I find things with characteristic ‘Y’?∗ Where is the closest ‘Z’ to my location?∗ How are different types of features related spatially

11

Early Example: London cholera epidemic 1854

Cholera deathCholera death

Water pumpWater pump

SohoSoho

+GIS analysis showed

that the disease outbreak was clustered around a specific water

supply pump.

12

∗ Roads∗ Streams∗ Land Surface Elevation∗ Land Use ∗ Parcels∗ Buildings ∗ Utilities - electric, gas, water, and sewer lines∗ Events – crime, fire

Each Feature type is represented as a single layer in a map.

Map Features

13

Features are Represented as Points, Lines, and Polygons

Points - simplest element

Lines - set of connected points

Polygons - set of connected points that closes on itself.

We use these three spatial elements to represent real world features and attach locational information to them.

14

Overlaying Data Layers

∗ In a GIS, each layer represents one type of data.

∗ The layers are overlain on top of each other and are geographically aligned.

15

Five Data Layers “Alike” Features

StatesRoads

CapitalsRivers

Lakes 16

Features and Attributes

Data or information associated with a map

feature are called ATTRIBUTES.

The values in the Identify box at right are attributes of

the selected point.

17

Spatial Analysis

∗ Simple Searches∗ Select features by attributes∗ Select features by location

∗ Buffering∗ Proximity Analysis∗ Network Analysis∗ Surface Analysis∗ Line of Site∗ 3D Visualization

19

Examples of GIS

Cross Country Movement

CCM (Cross Country Movement) Analysis allows the user to model the cost (e.g. time) it would take for a given object to travel from point A to Point B given the difficulty of the terrain.

For example, if a tank had to travel from point A to point B and you knew how fast it could travel on certain road types, soil types, and slopes, you could model the travel cost.

21

3D Mine with Well Data

22

Environmental MonitoringToxic Plume

23

Site Location and Client Distance

24

Gold Mines in Virginia

25

Yellowstone Trip

26

Fun Stuff

http://storymaps.esri.com/stories/2012/treasure-hunt-cities/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lziO1Ze7PuQ

27

Careers in GIS

28

Acknowledgements∗ Esri∗ Google∗ Prof. Sumanta Das, Dept. of Civil Eng., MEFGI, Rajkot∗ SlideShare∗ University of Nebraska at Kearney∗ The University of Texas at Dallas∗ University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point∗ Naval Post Graduate School

29

Thank You!

1100 H Street NW, Suite 700Historic Gas Light BuildingWashington, DC 20005

info@newlighttechnologies.com

Website: http://www.newlighttechnologies.com/

Dan Sandhausdan.sandhaus@newlighttechnologies.com

Gus ViteriCTO, Carlos Rosario School

31