Post on 09-Jan-2016
description
GIS as modeling toolHelena Mitasova
Dept. of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, NCSU, Raleigh
http://www.skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/
H. Mitasova
US Dept. of Labor identified geotechnology as one of the three most important emerging and evolving fields, along
with nanotechnology and biotechnology." Nature, vol. 427, Jan. 2004, p. 376.
New trends* Revolution in mapping technologies (laser scanning, multispectral imagery...)
* Automated monitoring stations: meteorology, oceanography, surface water (Rivernet, USGS, DOT), groundwater, etc.
* On-line distribution of data, near real time data availability, WebGIS
* Multidimensional dynamic GIS: replacement of 2D static representation of landscape by a 3D dynamic representation;
GIS technology and landscape processes
Monitoringmodern mapping technologies – LIDAR, IFSARE,multispectral imagery, RTK-GPS, automated sensors
Analysis and risk assessment integration of data from multiple sources, spatial analysis, visualization : identifying the problem areas, trends, risks
Prediction of impactsspatially distributed numerical modeling, simulations
Planning and decision support information and tools for management of natural and socio-economic resources
H. Mitasova
Jockey's Ridge State Park
H. Mitasova
Established in 1975 to save the dunes, it was believed to be stable.It is now completely surrounded by development and it migrates faster than expected, threatening nearby homes and roads
Challenge: keep the naturally migrating dune within the park
2003 view from NE
Jockey's Ridge evolution
N
H. Mitasova
A D1974 (brown) 1995 (yellow)
1995 (yellow) 1999 (red)
1974 and 1995 photogrammetric data courtesy Dr. Overton, NCSU1999 ATM lidar: USGS/NASA/NOAA
migration rate: 3m/y
migration rate: 7m/y
Jockey’s Ridge:
1998 DOQQ, 1999 LIDAR, 2002 RTK-GPS
H. Mitasova
1. East ridge needs immediate attention as it is moving fast towards the road 2. The fences in Central section work as elevation there increases3. Main ridge is rapidly flattening and moves fast SW
sand
pavement
vegetation
Jockey’s Ridge evolution: natural + man-made
N
H. Mitasova
C2000 2002 2003
winter 2003
“Nature tries to shift OB but man keeps shoveling it back” Cornelia Dean, NYT Sept. 22
Dune rolled overminigolf
Development of SW Centennial Campus
1993
construction future
Combining the GISand CAD data to create digital modelsof the current and future landscapes
2001
Pre-development 1993 overland flow and location of sediment control structures
constructed wetland
check dams
detention area
future school location
previously a NCSU farm
Overland flow and net erosion/deposition
main impact of disturbance is outside construction site: stream erosion within protective buffer
discharge m3/s
erosion
deposition
/m2s0.002m3/s
0.001kg/ms erosion=87kg/s
0.7m3/s
0.01-6.0kg/ms erosion=968kg/s
Overland flow and net erosion/depositionimpact of disturbance caused by concentratedwater flow that is not sufficiently reduced by the buffer, maximum erosion rates arewithin the protective buffer
Discharge m3/s
Erosion
deposition
/m2s
Extended, high infiltration buffers can reduce the impact
Erosion 142kg/scompared to 968kg/s
Tangible GISMIT media Laboratory
Tangible GISMIT media laboratory