Geography 372Geography 372Introduction to Introduction to Remote SensingRemote Sensing

University of MarylandCompton Tucker & Meagan Weiner

Geostationary and polar orbitsGeostationary and polar orbits

Hurricane Web SitesHurricane Web Sites• http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tc_pages/tc_home.html

• http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS.html• http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/im

ages_index.php3• http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/• http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/• http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/

Lecture 3 September 16, 2003Lecture 3 September 16, 2003Sun, Atmosphere, PlantsSun, Atmosphere, Plants

Important information from today’s material:Important information from today’s material:

1.1. Basic information about the sun;Basic information about the sun;

2.2. Gaseous absorption by atmospheric constituents;Gaseous absorption by atmospheric constituents;

3.3. Leaf reflectance, leaf structure, and photosynthesis;Leaf reflectance, leaf structure, and photosynthesis;

4.4. Hurricane monitoring with remote sensing;Hurricane monitoring with remote sensing;

5.5. Defense against biological terrorism.Defense against biological terrorism.

Homework September 16, 2003Homework September 16, 2003

• (A). Construct neat spectral curves to represent astroturf, asphalt, concrete, Maryland red clay soil, and the Pizza Hut roof from 0.4 to 1.0 µm.

• (B). Construct neat spectral curve plots

to represent the following materials over the spectral interval of 0.4 to 3 µm: a typical soil, pine trees, broadleaf forest vegetation in summer, and broadleaf forest vegetation in early fall.

Total Energy Flux: M = T4

= 5.67x10-8 w/m2*K4

Wavenumber = 1/

(# per unit distance)

Energy per photon:

Ep = h * frequency

Ep = h*c/Ep*J sec *3*108m sec-1

Ergo: X-rays and -rays are energetic!

Astroturf and real Astroturf and real green vegetationgreen vegetation

Pizza Hut on Rt. 1Pizza Hut on Rt. 1

Pizza Pizza HutHut

Geog 372 Lecture 3 Geog 372 Lecture 3 September 16, 2003September 16, 2003

our starour starour atmosphereour atmosphere

our vegetationour vegetation

Atmospheres Atmospheres of Sun & of Sun &

EarthEarth

The most abundant elements The most abundant elements Sun's AtmosphereSun's Atmosphere Earth's AtmosphereEarth's Atmosphere

HydrogenHydrogen 90.7%90.7% Nitrogen 78.08 %Nitrogen 78.08 %HeliumHelium 9.1% 9.1% OxygenOxygen 20.95 % 20.95 %

CarbonCarbon 0.036 0.036 COCO22 0.0370% (370 ppm) 0.0370% (370 ppm)NitrogenNitrogen 0.009 0.009 NeonNeon 0.0018% 0.0018%OxygenOxygen 0.072 0.072 HeliumHelium 0.0005% 0.0005%NeonNeon 0.003 0.003 Methane 0.00015%(15 ppm)Methane 0.00015%(15 ppm)MagnesiumMagnesium 0.002 0.002 OzoneOzone 0.0001% (10 ppm) 0.0001% (10 ppm)

SulfurSulfur 0.001 0.001 KryptonKrypton 0.0001% 0.0001%IronIron 0.003 0.003 Hydrogen 0.00005Hydrogen 0.00005

SiliconSilicon 0.002 0.002 HH22O Vapor 0 - 3% (varies)O Vapor 0 - 3% (varies)

Atmospheres of Atmospheres of Mars & VenusMars & Venus

The most abundant elements The most abundant elements Mars' AtmosphereMars' Atmosphere Venus' AtmosphereVenus' Atmosphere

CO2 96.0%N2 3.5%SO2 0.0150% (150 ppm)H2O 0.0100% (100 ppm)Ar 0.0070% ( 70 ppm)CO 0.0040% ( 40 ppm)Ne 0.0005% ( 5 ppm)

Pressure 90 barsTemperature 730 K +457C!

CO2 95.0%N2 2.7%Ar 1.6%02 0.13% (1,300 ppm)CO 0.07% ( 700 ppm)H2O 0.03% ( 300 ppm)

Pressure 0.007 bars Temperature 218 K -55C

6000º

300 K

UV, Visible,Near IRSensors

Thermal IR, MicrowaveSensors

Active Sensors

reflectedemitted

Spectral reflectance curvesSpectral reflectance curves

Our StarOur Star

~1370 watts/m2

Solar flux falling on earthSolar flux falling on earth

T4*r2 * 4distancesun2

4distanceearth2

92%

Our atmosphere

Space Shuttle Limb PhotographsSpace Shuttle Limb Photographs

Before Mt. Pinatubo EruptionBefore Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

After Mt. Pinatubo EruptionAfter Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

Liquid Water

Water = Life

Where else could life begin?Where else could life begin?visible

Incoming/Outgoing

max = 2898/5880 = 0.49 m

max = 9.7 m

Solar Irradiance at Earth’s Surface

Exoatmospheric Solar Irradiance

atmospheric limb

Expand information

Express it visually

Research and Beaver Dam Roads

True Color Photography or Imaging

Soon in lab we’ll work on this Soon in lab we’ll work on this Ikonos image of BARCIkonos image of BARC

True color

False color

Research and Beaver Dam RoadsResearch and Beaver Dam Roads

False Color or IR Photography or imaging

Byrd Stadium and areaByrd Stadium and area