Geographic Information System(GIS)

Geographic Information Technology

Basic of GIS

Elements of Geographic Information Technology1. Remote Sensing2. Global Positioning System3. Geographic Information Systems

Basic of GIS (cont.)

1.Remote Sensing(RS)◦ use of satellites or aircraft to capture

information about the earth’s surface.◦ Digital or the images a key product (map

accurate digital photos).

Basic of GIS (cont.)

2. Global Positioning System (GPS)⚫ a system of earth-orbiting satellites which can

provide precise (100 meter to sub-cm.) location on the earth’s surface (in latitude/longitude coordinates or equivalency).

Basic of GIS (cont.)

SATELLITES GROUND STATION RECEIVERS

PERSONAL USES BUSINESS USES

3. Geographic Information System(GIS)◦ Software systems with capability for input,

storage, manipulation/analysis and output/display of geographic (spatial) information.

Basic of GIS (cont.)

Geographic Information System1.Geographic Information System related technology

1.1 Computer Science1.2 Survey and Mapping1.3 Database Management System1.4 Remote Sensing

2. Geographic Information System Analysis2.1 Manual Approach2.2 Computer Assisted Approach

Basic of GIS (cont.)

Software

Components of GIS (cont.)

Hardware

Components of GIS

Data

Components of GIS (cont.)

People

Components of GIS (cont.)

Methods or procedures

Components of GIS (cont.)

Spatial Characteristicsspecifies location　 stored in a shape file, geo-database or similar geographic file

◦ Raster representationas image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)◦ Vector representationas geometric objects: points, lines, polygons

Characteristics of GIS Information

Attribute Characteristicsspecifies characteristics at that location, natural or human-created　 stored in a data base table

- Nominal Level- Ranking Level- Ratio Level

Characteristics of GIS Information (Cont.)

Vector Structure- Point Entities- Linear Entities- Area Entities

Raster Structure

GIS Structure and Data Input

Data Input

GIS Structure and Data Input(cont.)

Facilities management Marketing and retailing Environmental Transport/vehicle routing Health Insurance

and many more . . .

Benefits of Geographic Information System

END