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GENT FAIRHEAD & CO. LIMITED FICHTNER
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A
GENT FAIRHEAD & CO. LIMITED
RIVENHALL IWMF
FIRE PREVENTION PLAN
GENT FAIRHEAD & CO. LIMITED FICHTNER
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GENT FAIRHEAD & CO. LIMITED
RIVENHALL IWMF
FIRE PREVENTION PLAN
Document Production & Approval Record
ISSUE NO. 6 NAME SIGNATURE POSITION DATE
Prepared by: James Sturman
Associate
Senior
Consultant
02 March 2017
Checked by: Stephen Othen
Technical
Director
02 March 2017
Document Revision Record
ISSUE
NO.
DATE DETAILS OF REVISIONS PREPARED
BY
CHECKED
BY
1 13 April 2016 For Client comment JRS SMO
2 20 April 2016 Final for issue JRS SMO
3 2 August 2016 Updated following EA comments JRS SMO
4 22 February 2017 For Client comment JRS SMO
5 28 February 2017 For issue JRS SMO
6 02 March 2017 For issue JRS SMO
7
© 2017 Fichtner Consulting Engineers. All rights reserved.
This report and its accompanying documents contain information which is confidential and is
intended only for the use of Gent Fairhead & Co. Limited. If you are not one of the intended
recipients any disclosure, copying, distribution or action taken in reliance on the contents of
the information is strictly prohibited.
Unless expressly agreed, any reproduction of material from this report must be requested
and authorised in writing from Fichtner Consulting Engineers. Authorised reproduction of
material must include all copyright and proprietary notices in the same form and manner as
the original, and must not be modified in any way. Acknowledgement of the source of the
material must also be included in all references.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... III
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1
2 Site Location and Description ...................................................................................... 2
2.1 The Rivenhall IWMF ........................................................................................... 2
2.2 The Site ........................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Summary of Site Operations ............................................................................... 2
2.4 Site Plans & Drawings ........................................................................................ 3
3 Fire Prevention .......................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Waste Storage .................................................................................................. 4
3.1.1 MRF ................................................................................................................... 4
3.1.1.1 Incoming Waste .................................................................................... 4
3.1.1.2 Recyclates ............................................................................................ 5
3.1.1.3 RDF Output .......................................................................................... 5
3.1.2 MBT ................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.2.1 Incoming Waste .................................................................................... 6
3.1.2.2 Bio-dried Waste .................................................................................... 7
3.1.3 AD ..................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.3.1 Incoming Waste .................................................................................... 7
3.1.3.2 Digestate ............................................................................................. 8
3.1.4 CHP .................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.4.1 Incoming Waste .................................................................................... 8
3.1.4.2 Quarantine Area .................................................................................. 10
3.1.4.3 Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA) ................................................................ 10
3.1.4.4 Air Pollution Control Residues (APCr) ...................................................... 11
3.1.5 Pulp .................................................................................................................. 11
3.1.5.1 RCP Area (Incoming) ............................................................................ 11
3.1.5.2 De-inking Sludge ................................................................................. 12
3.1.5.3 MDIP .................................................................................................. 12
3.1.6 Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) .................................................................. 12
3.1.6.1 WWTP sludges ..................................................................................... 12
3.2 Storage duration .............................................................................................. 13
3.2.1 MRF .................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.1.1 Incoming Waste ................................................................................... 13
3.2.1.2 Recyclates ........................................................................................... 13
3.2.1.3 RDF Output ......................................................................................... 13
3.2.2 MBT Facility ........................................................................................................ 13
3.2.2.1 Incoming Waste ................................................................................... 13
3.2.2.2 Bio-dried Waste ................................................................................... 13
3.2.3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant ............................................................................. 14
3.2.3.1 Incoming Waste ................................................................................... 14
3.2.3.2 Digestate ............................................................................................ 14
3.2.4 CHP ................................................................................................................... 14
3.2.4.1 Incoming Waste ................................................................................... 14
3.2.4.2 IBA .................................................................................................... 14
3.2.4.3 APCr ................................................................................................... 14
3.2.5 Pulp Plant .......................................................................................................... 14
3.2.5.1 RCP Area (Incoming) ............................................................................ 14
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3.2.5.2 De-inking Sludge ................................................................................. 14
3.2.5.3 MDIP .................................................................................................. 14
3.2.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) .................................................................... 14
3.3 Monitoring of Stores for Waste and Recovered Materials ........................................ 15
3.4 Actions to limit self-heating ............................................................................... 15
3.4.1 MRF .................................................................................................................. 15
3.4.2 MBT Facility ........................................................................................................ 15
3.4.3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant ............................................................................. 15
3.4.4 CHP ................................................................................................................... 15
3.4.5 Pulp Plant .......................................................................................................... 15
3.4.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) .................................................................... 15
3.5 Contingency ..................................................................................................... 15
3.5.1 MRF .................................................................................................................. 16
3.5.2 MBT Facility ........................................................................................................ 16
3.5.3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant ............................................................................. 16
3.5.4 CHP ................................................................................................................... 16
3.5.5 Pulp Plant .......................................................................................................... 16
3.5.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) .................................................................... 16
3.6 Seasonality ...................................................................................................... 17
3.7 Arson or vandalism ........................................................................................... 17
3.8 Plant and equipment ......................................................................................... 17
3.9 Infrastructure and site inspections ...................................................................... 18
3.10 Electrical faults ................................................................................................. 18
3.11 Ignition sources ................................................................................................ 18
3.12 Industrial heaters ............................................................................................. 19
3.13 No smoking policy ............................................................................................ 19
3.14 Heat and spark prevention ................................................................................. 19
3.15 Gas bottle and other flammable items ................................................................. 19
3.16 Fire watch ....................................................................................................... 19
3.17 Smoke/heat/flame detectors .............................................................................. 19
4 Management and Storage of Waste ............................................................................ 20
4.1 Incompatible/hot loads ...................................................................................... 20
4.2 Waste acceptance - permitted waste ................................................................... 20
4.3 Waste storage – separation distance ................................................................... 20
4.4 Fire walls ......................................................................................................... 20
4.5 Quarantine areas .............................................................................................. 21
4.6 Storage within buildings .................................................................................... 21
4.7 Active fire fighting ............................................................................................ 22
4.7.1 Fire prevention standards .................................................................................... 22
4.7.2 Fire detection systems ......................................................................................... 22
4.7.3 Fire suppression systems ..................................................................................... 23
4.7.4 Provision of firewater ........................................................................................... 23
4.7.5 Bunker cannons .................................................................................................. 24
4.7.6 Fire hose reel system and wet riser system ............................................................ 25
4.7.7 Fire hydrant and mains ........................................................................................ 25
4.7.8 Fire extinguishers ............................................................................................... 25
4.7.9 Containment of fire water .................................................................................... 25
4.7.10 Fire exercises ..................................................................................................... 26
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4.7.11 Contingency during the incident ............................................................................ 26
APPENDIX A – PLANS AND DRAWINGS ........................................................................ 27
APPENDIX B - WIND ROSE ........................................................................................... 28
APPENDIX C – FIRE STRATEGY ..................................................................................... 29
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1 INTRODUCTION
Gent Fairhead & Co Limited (GFC) has applied to the Environment Agency for an
Environmental Permit for the Rivenhall Integrated Waste Management Facility (Rivenhall
IWMF).
The purpose of this document is mainly to detail the provisions which have been taken into
account during the design phase of the Rivenhall IWMF to prevent the occurrence of fires
within the installation. In addition, provisional operational measures are given.
This document has been developed in accordance with Environment Agency Guidance Note:
Fire prevention plans v2, dated March 2015.
The report is provided as a preliminary Fire Prevention Plan (FPP) for the Rivenhall IWMF,
and will be subject to review following completion of detailed process design, which has not
yet been undertaken. Final detailed process design is programmed to commence towards
the end of 2017. The development is expected to take approximately 3 to 4 years to
design, build, commission and switch to full operational status.
A suite of emergency procedures for the IWMF will be written and included in the training
package for all staff and contractors. Training of site operatives will commence
approximately 6 months prior to commencement of commissioning of each process plant,
and all operational personnel will be tested on the fire prevention and emergency
procedures.
This document and the measures to mitigate the risk and impact of fires within the IWMF
have been (and will continue to be) developed in accordance with the requirements of:
(1) Environment Agency ‘Fire prevention plans’ Version 2, March 2015;
(2) Building Regulations – Approved Document B (Fire Safety);
(3) ACE Technical Risks, Engineering Information Bulletin, Guidance Document Energy
from Waste (EfW) – Fire Systems Issue 1.0 (26th March 2014);
(4) ACE Technical Risks, Engineering Information Bulletin, Guidance Document Waste
Processing Plants - Fire Systems Issue 1.0 (26th March 2014);
(5) NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants
and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations, 2005 Edition published by the
National Fire Protection Association; and
(6) Insurer’s requirements where structures or equipment fall outside published guidance
or recommended practice.
Prior to commissioning of the Rivenhall IWMF, a detailed commissioning and fire prevention
plan will be submitted to the EA for approval. The commissioning and fire prevention plan
will include full details of all fire control, fire management, fire prevention procedures and
fire protocols associated with its operation in full accordance with the above.
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2 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
2.1 The Rivenhall IWMF
Gent Fairhead & Co Limited (GFC) is proposing to construct and operate the facility. The
facility will be located at the former Rivenhall Airfield site.
2.2 The Site
The Site is located on the south-eastern edge of the former World War II airfield known
as Rivenhall Airfield between the villages of Bradwell (northwest 2.6 km), Silver End
(southwest 1.1 km), Rivenhall (south 2.3 km), Coggeshall (northeast 2.8 km) and
Kelvedon (southeast 3.4 km).
Access to the site will be provided via a private access road from the existing A120. A
plan showing the location of the access to the site from the A120 is presented in
Appendix A.
The former airfield and its immediate surroundings are on a plateau above the River
Blackwater. This plateau is currently being excavated and, therefore, under the current
planning permissions, most of the former airfield will become a restored ‘bowl’ for
continued agricultural use. The airfield was previously open and exposed and had been
used predominantly for agricultural purposes, although extensive sand and gravel
extraction and restoration has been undertaken at the Site.
A plan showing the location of key receptors such as critical infrastructure within 1km of
the site is presented in Appendix A. A site drainage plan is presented in Appendix A
(C23.1_142064-DC-GA-C-108G Drainage Layout).
A wind rose showing the prevailing wind direction as used in the air quality modelling is
presented in Appendix B.
2.3 Summary of Site Operations
There will be six principal activities to the Rivenhall IWMF, (1) Combined Heat and Power
(CHP) Plant; (2) Materials Recycling Facility (MRF); (3) anaerobic digestion (AD) facility;
(4) Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) facility;(5) A De-inked Paper Pulp Production
Facility (Pulp plant); and (6) Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The capacities of the
treatment processes are as follows:
(1) The CHP plant will have a maximum design capacity to process up to 595,000
tonnes per annum of non-hazardous Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF)1 and Refuse
Derived Fuel (RDF), herein referred to as RDF;
(2) The MRF will have a maximum design capacity to process 300,000 tonnes per
annum of direct waste and treated waste materials from the MBT to recover
recyclates for transfer off-site, with the residual material being transferred to the
CHP facility;
(3) The AD plant will be designed to process up to 30,000 tonnes per annum of food
and organic waste, with the resultant biogas being combusted in a CHP engine;
(4) The MBT Plant will have a maximum design capacity to process 170,000 tonnes per
annum of waste which will be biologically dried and then fed into the MRF to
recover recyclates prior to production of a RDF to be transferred to the CHP plant;
(5) The Pulp plant will have a maximum design capacity to process 170,000 tonnes per
annum of waste paper to produce approximately 85,500 tonnes per annum of
recycled and reusable paper pulp; and
1 The planning permissions states as an Informative “reference to Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) for the purposes of this planning permission is considered to be the same as Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF).”
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(6) The Wastewater Treatment Plant will have a maximum design capacity of
550,000 m3 per annum of wastewater from the installation.
Detailed descriptions of the operation of the IWMF are presented within section 1.3 of the
Supporting Information submitted with the EP application.
2.4 Site Plans & Drawings
The following plans are either included in Appendix A:
site location plan;
site layout plan;
site drainage plan;
waste storage areas plan.
As stated in section 1, at the time of developing this submission in support of the EP
application detailed process design is programmed to commence over the coming
months. Therefore, the information in relation to the location of drain covers and any
pollution control features such as drain closure valves and firewater containment systems
are provided as indicative.
Until detailed design has been completed, it is not possible to provide plans which
confirm the location of the following:
access points around the perimeter to assist fire-fighting; and
the location of hydrants and water supplies; and
location of gas cylinders; and
the location of plant, protective clothing and pollution control equipment and
materials.
These plans will be included following completion of detailed design.
Wind roses showing the direction of the prevailing winds for the facility for 2009 to 2013,
as taken from Stanstead Airport, are presented in Appendix B.
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3 FIRE PREVENTION
3.1 Waste Storage
Incoming waste will be stored within dedicated waste storage facilities. There will not be
any storage of waste within ‘piles’ within the facility. The storage arrangements for
incoming waste are detailed within the following sections.
It should be noted that it is not anticipated that there will not be any storage of waste
within containers at the facility.
3.1.1 MRF
3.1.1.1 Incoming Waste
The incoming waste storage facility within the MRF is the day holding bunker (floor
tipping bay) situated within the MBT building area. The day holding bunker will be
of concrete construction and located within the MRF process areas. The day holding
bunker has a storage capacity of approximately 200 tonnes.
The waste types to be treated within the MRF are presented in Table 3-1:
Table 3-1 – Waste To Be Processed in the MRF Facility
EWC Code Description
WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste)
15 01 01 paper and cardboard packaging
15 01 02 plastic packaging
15 01 03 wooden packaging
15 01 04 metallic packaging
15 01 05 composite packaging
15 01 06 mixed packaging
15 01 07 glass packaging
absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing
15 02 03 absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing other
than those mentioned in 15 02 02
WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND
WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE
wastes from aerobic treatment of solid wastes
19 05 01 non-composted fraction of municipal and similar wastes
19 05 03 off-specification compost
wastes from shredding of metal-containing wastes
19 10 01 iron and steel waste
19 10 02 non-ferrous waste
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Table 3-1 – Waste To Be Processed in the MRF Facility
EWC Code Description
wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing,
compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified
19 12 10 combustible waste (refuse derived fuel)
19 12 12 other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical
treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11
MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL
AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS
separately collected fractions (except 15 01)
20 01 01 paper and cardboard
20 01 38 wood other than that mentioned in 20 01 37
20 01 39 plastics
20 01 40 metals
garden and park wastes (including cemetery waste)
20 02 01 biodegradable waste (from garden and park wastes including cemetery
waste)
20 02 03 other non-compostable municipal waste
other municipal wastes
20 03 01 mixed municipal waste
20 03 02 waste from markets
20 03 03 street-cleaning residues
3.1.1.2 Recyclates
Recyclates which are recovered within the MRF will be baled and stored in the MRF
Recyclates Storage area prior to transfer off-site to a suitably licenced recycling
facility. The MRF Recyclates Storage area is an area of hardstanding which is
dedicated to the storage of recyclates within the MRF process areas inside the
IWMF building. Stored recyclates will be in containers, skips, concrete bays or
cages.
The MRF recyclates storage area will be covered by water sprinklers designed for
14.3mm/minute.
3.1.1.3 RDF Output
The RDF output will be stored in the RDF Bay within the MRF. The RDF Bay will
have a maximum storage capacity of 500 tonnes.
The RDF storage area will be covered by water sprinklers designed for
14.3mm/minute.
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3.1.2 MBT
3.1.2.1 Incoming Waste
Incoming waste to the MBT facility will be delivered into a day holding bunker for
storage of incoming waste. This is located adjacent to the MBT vessels. The day
holding bunker will have capacity for approximately 200 tonnes of waste, and will
be emptied at the end of each day. The day holding bunker will be of concrete
construction and located within the MBT process areas.
The MRF and MBT day holding bunkers are directly adjacent.
The whole of the MBT area will be covered by water sprinklers designed for
14.3mm/minute.
The waste types to be treated within the MBT are presented in Table 3-2:
Table 3-2 – Waste To Be Processed in the MBT Plant
EWC Code Description
WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste)
15 01 01 paper and cardboard packaging
15 01 02 plastic packaging
15 01 03 wooden packaging
15 01 04 metallic packaging
15 01 05 composite packaging
15 01 06 mixed packaging
15 01 07 glass packaging
absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing
15 02 03 absorbents, filter materials, wiping cloths and protective clothing other
than those mentioned in 15 02 02
WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND
WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE
wastes from aerobic treatment of solid wastes
19 05 01 non-composted fraction of municipal and similar wastes
19 05 03 off-specification compost
wastes from shredding of metal-containing wastes
19 10 01 iron and steel waste
19 10 02 non-ferrous waste
wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing,
compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified
19 12 10 combustible waste (refuse derived fuel)
19 12 12 other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical
treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11
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Table 3-2 – Waste To Be Processed in the MBT Plant
EWC Code Description
MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL
AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED FRACTIONS
separately collected fractions (except 15 01)
20 01 01 paper and cardboard
20 01 38 wood other than that mentioned in 20 01 37
garden and park wastes (including cemetery waste)
20 02 01 biodegradable waste (from garden and park wastes including cemetery
waste)
20 02 03 other non-compostable municipal waste
other municipal wastes
20 03 01 mixed municipal waste
20 03 02 waste from markets
20 03 03 street-cleaning residues
3.1.2.2 Bio-dried Waste
There will be 16 vessels installed within the MBT facility. Each vessel is designed to
hold up to 200 tonnes of waste. Therefore, there would be up to 3,200 tonnes of
waste being processed within the MBT facility at any one time.
The vessels will have concrete walls on three sides and a retractable roof which can
be pulled back to allow loading/unloading of the vessels.
Upon completion of processing the waste within the biodrying tunnels, it will be
unloaded from the tunnels and transported by wheeled loader directly into the MRF
reception hopper for further processing as part of the MRF operation. There will be
no other storage of bio-dried waste within the MBT building apart from within the
MBT vessels.
3.1.3 AD
3.1.3.1 Incoming Waste
The waste reception bunker within the AD Plant has been designed with a waste
storage capacity of approximately 150 tonnes. The AD waste reception bunker will
be of concrete construction and located within the AD Plant.
The bunker is equipped with two parallel screw conveyors for the discharge of the
organic waste. The bunker is V-shaped with a slight inclination. The walls of the AD
reception bunker are equipped with rinsing devices to avoid material to be adhered
on the walls. The waste is collected in a collecting screw conveyor. This screw
conveyor is equipped with a sieve and a pump sump for the leachate, which is
pumped to the pulper sump. The waste is further transported to the pulpers by a
screw conveyor system.
The AD waste reception bunker and adjacent operational areas for receipt of
wastes will be covered by water sprinklers designed for 14.3mm/minute.
The waste types to be treated within the AD Plant are presented in Table 3-3:
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Table 3-3 – Organic wastes To Be Processed in the AD Facility
EWC Code Description
WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY,
HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING
wastes from fruit, vegetables, cereals, edible oils, cocoa, coffee, tea and tobacco
preparation and processing; conserve production; yeast and yeast extract
production, molasses preparation and fermentation
02 03 04 biodegradable materials unsuitable for consumption or
processing (other than those containing dangerous substances)
MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL,
INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED
FRACTIONS
separately collected fractions (except 15 01)
20 01 08 biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste
garden and park wastes (including cemetery waste)
20 02 01 biodegradable waste
other municipal wastes
20 03 01 mixed municipal waste − separately collected biowastes
20 03 02 wastes from markets
3.1.3.2 Digestate
The dried digestate output from the AD process will be stored within the Digestate
Offtake area prior to transfer off-site. The Digestate Offtake area will be an area of
hardstanding with concrete push walls. The dried digestate will be loaded into
vehicles for transport off-site.
3.1.4 CHP
3.1.4.1 Incoming Waste
The CHP bunker is sized as follows:
Length – 52m
Height – 22.8m
Depth - 24.5m
Allowing for stacking within the waste bunker, the maximum waste storage
capacity of the CHP bunker is approximately 29,000m3. The waste bunker will be a
subsurface structure of concrete construction and located within the CHP Plant. It
has been confirmed by the EA’s Senior Advisor Pete McGilivray that the maximum
dimensions detailed in ‘Table 1: Maximum pile sizes and minimum separation
distances’ in the EA’s Guidance do not apply to the storage of waste within EfW
bunkers.
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Bunker management procedures will be adopted to ensure that there is a constant
turnover of waste within the CHP bunker to ensure that hot spots or anaerobic
conditions do not occur within the CHP bunker. The crane has been sized to ensure
that there is up to 45 minutes per hour for mixing and rotating the waste within the
CHP bunker. There will be thermal imaging cameras fixed around the perimeter of
the bunker to provide the crane driver with a continuous thermal ‘map’ of the
bunker. The crane driver is, therefore, able to identify and react to hot areas in the
bunker and undertake mixing or feeding of waste as appropriate, or in extreme
cases use the fire water cannons to extinguish any smouldering/burning waste.
The waste types to be treated within the CHP Plant are presented in Table 3-4:
Table 3-4 – Waste To Be Processed in the CHP Plant
EWC
Code Description of Waste
WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER
TREATMENT PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN
CONSUMPTION AND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE
wastes from physico/chemical treatments of waste (including dechromatation,
decyanidation, neutralisation)
19 02 03 premixed wastes composed only of non-hazardous wastes
19 02 10 combustible wastes other than those mentioned in 19 02 08 and 19
02 09
wastes from aerobic treatment of solid wastes
19 05 01 non-composted fraction of municipal and similar wastes
19 05 02 non-composted fraction of animal and vegetable waste
19 05 03 off-specification compost
wastes from anaerobic treatment of waste
19 06 04
digestate from anaerobic treatment of municipal waste
(a solid content greater than 50% is necessary in the digestate for
it to be acceptable in the CHP Plant)
19 06 06
digestate from anaerobic treatment of animal and vegetable waste
(a solid content greater than 50% is necessary in the digestate for
it to be acceptable in the CHP Plant)
wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing,
compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified
19 12 01 paper and cardboard
19 12 04 plastic and rubber
19 12 07 wood other than that mentioned in 19 12 06
19 12 08 Textiles
19 12 10 combustible waste (refuse derived fuel)
19 12 12 other wastes (including mixtures of materials) from mechanical
treatment of wastes other than those mentioned in 19 12 11
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Table 3-4 – Waste To Be Processed in the CHP Plant
MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL,
INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED
FRACTIONS
Separately collected fractions (except 15 01)
20 01 01 Paper and cardboard not suitable for recycling/recovery
20 01 38 Wood other than that mentioned in 20 01 37
20 01 39 Plastics not suitable for recycling/recovery
20 01 41 Wastes from chimney sweeping
Garden and park wastes (including cemetery waste)
20 02 01 Biodegradable waste not suitable for anaerobic digestion
20 02 03 Non-biodegradable wastes not suitable for recycling
Other municipal wastes
20 03 01 Mixed municipal waste
20 03 02 Waste from markets
20 03 03 Street-cleaning residues
20 03 06 Waste from sewage cleaning
20 03 07 Bulky waste
3.1.4.2 Quarantine Area
A quarantine area will be provided at one end of the CHP bunker at the level of the
tipping hall. It will have a concrete floor and push-walls to allow the waste to be
collected and loaded into appropriate road vehicles and removed from the site.
The quarantine area will be used to temporarily store any unacceptable waste
(which has been detected prior to being tipped into the CHP bunker, or identified
by the crane driver and removed using the waste crane grab) prior to removal from
site.
Fire detection and protection measures (e.g. smoke / flame detectors, hose reel,
sprinklers, or water cannon) will be installed in this area, the final design being
subject to the recommendations of the final fire strategy completed during the
detailed design phase of the project and agreed with insurers.
3.1.4.3 Incinerator Bottom Ash (IBA)
Bottom ash from the waste incineration process will be stored within the Ash Hall
prior to transfer off-site to a suitably licenced waste management facility. The Ash
Hall will be an area of concrete hardstanding within CHP Plant. The Ash Hall will
have capacity for the storage of 1,750 tonnes of IBA, equivalent to four days
production of IBA with both incinerator streams operating continuously at full load.
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3.1.4.4 Air Pollution Control Residues (APCr)
APCr will be stored within two APCr silos each of capacity 200m³, equivalent to
approximately five days storage at full load operation of both incineration streams.
The silos will be elevated above-ground level so that APCr can be discharged into
road tankers parked underneath. The silos will be constructed of carbon steel.
Removal of the APCr will be by sealed tankers which will drive underneath with the
APCr discharged into the road tankers using telescopic chutes.
3.1.5 Pulp
3.1.5.1 RCP Area (Incoming)
The waste reception area within the Pulp Plant for incoming waste paper and card
bales known as “Recovered Paper” (or “RCP”) has been designed with a maximum
waste storage capacity of 8,450 tonnes.
The RCP will be delivered by road and stored in the area shown as ‘A9 Recovered
Waste Paper Storage (RCP)’ on Drawing 213033-100, refer to Appendix A.
Delivered RCP bales will have typical dimensions of 1.4m long x 1.1m wide x 1.1m
high. Stacking is considered safe up to a height of five bales giving a maximum
height of 5.5 metres. (Note: The EA’s Senior Advisor Pete McGillivray has
confirmed that the storage requirements relating to pile separation distances in the
Environment Agency’s guidance ‘Fire prevention plans’ Version 2, March 2015 only
applies to external storage of wastes.). However, the storage volume is based on a
minimum of 6 metres distance between piles, which is considered to be good
practice. The RCP piles will be turned periodically to minimise the risk of self-
combustion of the RCP.
RCP will be processed on a ‘first-in, first-out’ basis. A complete stock turn is
expected to occur 15 – 20 times per annum, therefore the RCP should not be
stored on-site for any longer than 2-3 weeks.
The RCP storage area will be covered by water sprinklers designed for
14.3mm/minute.
The waste types to be treated within the Pulp Plant are presented in Table 3-5:
Table 3-5 – Waste To Be Processed in the Pulp Plant
EWC Code Description
WASTE PACKAGING; ABSORBENTS, WIPING CLOTHS, FILTER MATERIALS AND
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
packaging (including separately collected municipal packaging waste)
15 01 01 paper and cardboard packaging
WASTES FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES, OFF-SITE WASTE WATER
TREATMENT PLANTS AND THE PREPARATION OF WATER INTENDED FOR HUMAN
CONSUMPTION AND WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL USE
wastes from the mechanical treatment of waste (for example sorting, crushing,
compacting, pelletising) not otherwise specified
19 12 01 paper and cardboard
MUNICIPAL WASTES (HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND SIMILAR COMMERCIAL,
INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL WASTES) INCLUDING SEPARATELY COLLECTED
FRACTIONS
separately collected fractions (except 15 01)
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Table 3-5 – Waste To Be Processed in the Pulp Plant
EWC Code Description
20 01 01 paper and cardboard
3.1.5.2 De-inking Sludge
Sludge from the de-inking process will be stored in the De-inking Sludge Storage
area. This is a concrete storage bunker of approximate area 560m² with full-height
concrete fire walls. The storage area will be covered by water sprinklers designed
for 10.2mm/minute.
Production of sludge under normal operation is expected to be 260 tonnes/day at a
maximum moisture content of approximately 50%. The sludge will be dewatered
prior to export from site. The sludge will be loaded by wheel loader into skips or
bulk trailers for transfer off site to a facility which has a contract for the off-take of
the sludge. All road transportation will utilise enclosed vehicles/trailers. The sludge
will be spread on land as a soil conditioner.
3.1.5.3 MDIP
The final product pulp that is produced in the plant is known as “Market De-Inked
Pulp” (or “MDIP”) and this is in the form of dried board which is stored in bales for
subsequent transportation offsite to paper and tissue mills. MDIP bales will be
stored in the Market De-Inked Pulp area prior to transfer off-site to a licenced
facility. The storage area is shown as ‘A10 MDIP Storage’ on drawing 213033-100.
Maximum storage will be approximately 11,500 tonnes. The MDIP storage area
will be covered with water sprinklers designed for 14.3mm/minute.
MDIP will be processed on a ‘first-in, first-out’ basis. A complete stock turn is
expected to occur 15 to 20 times per annum.
3.1.6 Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
3.1.6.1 WWTP sludges
There will be no incoming wastes from external sources being treated in the
WWTW.
Sludges from the WWTP processes will be dewatered to a sludge cake. The sludge
will be deposited into skips for transport to the CHP Plant bunker. The normal
production rate of sludge is expected to be 30 tonnes per day.
The sludge storage area will be covered with water sprinklers designed for
10.2 mm/minute.
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3.2 Storage duration
3.2.1 MRF
3.2.1.1 Incoming Waste
The incoming waste storage facility within the MRF is the day holding bunker (floor
tipping bay). The day holding bunker will be emptied on a daily basis, as all waste
which is delivered to the MRF will be processed. Therefore, the waste will be stored
within the MRF day holding bunker for a maximum period of up to 16 hours.
However, most waste delivered to the MRF will be processed within one or two
hours of the delivery occurring.
3.2.1.2 Recyclates
The storage of recyclates for off-site recovery will be managed depending on the
quantities of recyclable material recovered. However, it is expected that collections
will be made on a weekly basis.
3.2.1.3 RDF Output
The RDF Bay will be emptied on a daily basis, and will be transferred to CHP bunker
for processing in the CHP plant. Therefore, the RDF will be stored within the RDF
Bunker in the MRF for a maximum period of up to 24-hours.
3.2.2 MBT Facility
3.2.2.1 Incoming Waste
Typically, waste which is delivered to the facility will be unloaded from the delivery
vehicles and loaded into the MBT vessels as soon as possible after it has been
delivered to the IWMF.
The MBT facility will receive waste from 0700 to 1830 hrs Monday to Friday and
0700 to 1300 hrs Saturdays. The facility will be operated to ensure that the
quantity of wastes that will be delivered each day will be less than the capacity
available in the MBT bio-drying vessels (allowing for the proposed quantity of
material that will be removed that day to be processed in the MRF).
The maximum period of time which incoming waste would be held in the reception
area, or day holding bunker, awaiting processing would be approximately half the
working day, equivalent to 6 hours or 360 minutes. However, most waste delivered
to the MBT facility will be processed within one or two hours of the delivery
occurring, depending on the ‘availability’ of the mobile shredder and the MBT
vessels when the waste is tipped.
3.2.2.2 Bio-dried Waste
The incoming waste will be processed within the MBT vessels for at least one week
and a maximum of 14 days (two weeks).
Upon completion of processing the waste within the biodrying tunnels, it will be
unloaded from the tunnels and transported by wheeled loader directly into the MRF
reception hopper for further processing as part of the MRF operation. There will be
no other storage of bio-dried waste within the MBT building apart from within the
MBT vessels.
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3.2.3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant
3.2.3.1 Incoming Waste
Allowing for the processing capacity of the plant, the incoming waste will be stored
in the AD reception area for a maximum period of 2 days.
3.2.3.2 Digestate
The digestate storage area will be designed for the storage of up to 3 days of dried
digestate from the AD process.
3.2.4 CHP
3.2.4.1 Incoming Waste
Allowing for the design capacity of the CHP Plant it is estimated that the maximum
period of time which waste will remain in the CHP bunker will be approximately 4 to
5 days. If, due to an extended unforeseen shutdown of the CHP Plant, waste will be
back loaded from the CHP bunker and transferred off-site to a suitably licenced
waste management facility.
3.2.4.2 IBA
The IBA Hall will have capacity for the storage of 1,750 tonnes of IBA, equivalent to
four days of production of IBA with both incinerator streams operating continuously
at the nominal design capacity of the CHP plant.
3.2.4.3 APCr
APCr will be stored within two APCr silos each of capacity 200 m³, equivalent to
approximately five days of storage at the nominal design capacity of the CHP plant.
3.2.5 Pulp Plant
3.2.5.1 RCP Area (Incoming)
The RCP storage area has been designed for the storage of approximately 24 days
production of MDIP.
3.2.5.2 De-inking Sludge
The de-inking sludge storage bunker has been designed for the storage of
approximately five days sludge production.
3.2.5.3 MDIP
The MDIP storage area has been designed for the storage of approximately 33 days
production of MDIP.
3.2.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
The WWTP will have capacity for storage of approximately one day’s storage of sludge
from the WWTP.
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3.3 Monitoring of Stores for Waste and Recovered Materials
In accordance with the waste acceptance procedures for the installation, unloading of all
waste deliveries will be supervised by operational staff.
CCTV will be installed in all areas where there will be vehicles discharging waste into
waste reception facilities; and areas where wastes and recovered materials are
discharged from the processes. The design of the CCTV systems is subject to detailed
design of the waste treatment processes.
Within the CHP Plant, the CHP bunker will be continuously monitored by the fully
automatic thermal imaging system linked to the water cannons. During daytime
operation, the bunker will be visually monitored by the full-time crane operator. At
night-time the control personnel will visually monitor the bunker as part of their
responsibilities for operating the CHP plant.
3.4 Actions to limit self-heating
3.4.1 MRF
The incoming waste to the MRF will be stored for less than one day in the
reception/holding bunker, so the action of self-heating is not considered to be a
concern.
3.4.2 MBT Facility
The incoming waste to the MBT facility will be stored for less than 6 hours in the
reception/holding bunker, so the action of self-heating is not considered to be a
concern.
3.4.3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant
The incoming organic waste to be treated within the AD plant will be stored for less
than one week and will have a high moisture content, so the action of self-heating is
not considered to be a concern.
3.4.4 CHP
There will be thermal imaging cameras fixed around the perimeter of the bunker to
provide the crane driver with a continuous thermal ‘map’ of the bunker. The crane
driver is, therefore, able to identify and react to hot areas in the bunker and
undertake mixing or feeding of waste as appropriate, or in extreme cases use the fire
water cannons to extinguish any smouldering/burning waste.
3.4.5 Pulp Plant
Waste paper is not expected to ‘self-heat’. Therefore, the action of self-heating is not
considered to be a concern within the Pulp Plant.
3.4.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
The sludge from the WWTP will be stored for less than one day, so the action of self-
heating is not considered to be a concern.
3.5 Contingency
In the event that the IWMF is not able to receive waste due to an unplanned incident
across the site, requiring a full shutdown of the whole facility, the waste contractors will
be instructed to divert their waste to alternative waste treatment facilities.
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If there was a significant fire within the facility which required all waste treatment
processes to be shutdown, the Facility would not re-start operations until the relevant
regulatory authorities (Fire Service, Health and Safety Executive, Environment Agency,
etc) as well as the Fire Insurers, advised that it was safe to do so.
The contingency arrangements for each individual waste treatment process is presented
in the following sections.
3.5.1 MRF
If the MRF process was not available due to planned or unplanned maintenance of the
MRF treatment process, waste will either be diverted to one of the other treatment
processes within the IWMF - if it is permitted to receive and is able to process the
waste (CHP Plant or MBT plant); or diverted away from the site to an alternative
licensed waste management facility.
3.5.2 MBT Facility
If the MBT process was not available due to planned or unplanned maintenance of the
MBT plant will either be diverted to one of the other treatment processes within the
IWMF - if it is permitted to receive the waste (CHP Plant); or diverted away from the
site to an alternative licensed waste management facility.
3.5.3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Plant
If the AD plant was not available due to planned or unplanned maintenance of the AD
plant the waste be diverted away from the site to an alternative licensed waste
management facility.
3.5.4 CHP
If the CHP plant was not available due to a period of extended unplanned
maintenance waste can be back-loaded from the bunker for transfer off-site to an
alternative licenced waste management facility.
For periods of planned maintenance, the waste levels within the CHP plant will be
maintained to ensure that the quantities of waste within the bunker can be combusted
within the CHP plant. It should be noted, that the maintenance shutdowns on the two
incineration streams will be carried out sequentially with an overlap of approximately
2 to 4 days when both streams will be off-line to carry out maintenance on common
systems. For the majority of the year, therefore, there will be at least one
incineration stream in operation. The temperature of waste in the waste bunker will
continue to be monitored by the thermal imaging system during plant shutdown.
Therefore, the operator will be able to continue to mix waste to prevent excessive
temperatures in the bunker, or use the fire-fighting cannons if necessary.
3.5.5 Pulp Plant
If the Pulp plant was not available due to planned or unplanned maintenance of the
Pulp plant the RCP will be diverted away from the site to an alternative waste paper
treatment facility. The annual planned outage is typically 4 to 7 days which will not
adversely affect the storage of RCP or MDIP on the site.
3.5.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
If the CHP plant is not available to receive the sludge, it will be possible to store the
skips within the facility for 2 to 3 days. However, if the CHP plant is not available for
an extended period, then it may be necessary to transfer the sludge off-site to an
alternative waste treatment facility.
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It should be noted, if the CHP plant is not available for any extended periods, neither
the WWTP nor the Pulp Plant will operate; therefore there will not be any water
produced by the Pulp Plant for treatment within the WWTP, and no sludge generated
from the WWTP, i.e. the generation of sludge will be minimal at this time, and
generated through the plant operating in a standby or recirculation mode.
3.6 Seasonality
The operation of the IWMF is not expected to follow any seasonal variations in the
demand for the wastes to be treated within the facility or the residues produced or
materials recovered.
3.7 Arson or vandalism
Security measures will prevent access by members of the public and thereby prevent the
risk of arson attacks or vandalism. The IWMF will be bounded by security fencing and
monitored using CCTV. A barrier will be present at the entrance and exit to site to control
vehicular access. There will be gatehouse at the facility which will be manned 24-hours
per day (including security guards during night-time hours). Only authorised visitors will
able to enter the site.
The facility will be operational and manned 24 hours, 7 days a week, with the CCTV
system monitored in the control room by the operators. The shift team leaders will be
responsible for security on the site, including delivery vehicles as they travel around the
site.
In accordance with the planning permission, ‘no waste or processed materials’ are
permitted to be delivered to/or collected from the Rivenhall IWMF between the following
hours:
07:00 and 18:30 hours Monday to Friday; and
07:00 and 13:00 hours on Saturdays, and not on Sundays, Public or Bank Holidays
except for clearances from Household Waste Recycling Centres on Sundays and
Bank and Public Holidays between 10:00 and 16:00 hours as required by the
Waste Disposal Authority and previously approved in writing by the Waste Planning
Authority.
An Emergency Preparedness procedure will be developed for the facility, prior to the
commencement of operations as part of the detailed Environmental Management
System, which will detail the response to a number of different emergency situations on
site, including unauthorised personnel on site.
3.8 Plant and equipment
The proposed outline operating structure for the IWMF is presented in Annex 11. This
names the proposed O&M Contractors for all of the main processes within the IWMF.
Each process manager would report to the Technical & Operations Director of GFC.
The O&M contractors responsible for the day-to-day operation of the different waste
treatment processes within the IWMF will be responsible for operating planned
maintenance systems for each of the waste treatment processes. Operating and
Maintenance Manuals will be developed and completed through commissioning of the
different waste treatment processes. These manuals will set out detailed operating and
maintenance instructions for all the plant and equipment on site that requires
maintenance.
The O&M contractors will develop maintenance procedures and will adopt existing and
subsequently develop further bespoke Work Instructions to cover all Plant and
Equipment installed at the site. As part of such Work Instruction development the risk of
fire will be considered and appropriate activities included within the Work Instruction to
reduce the risk of fire in Plant and Equipment on site.
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The O&M contractors as part of the maintenance system will keep records of
maintenance undertaken and any action taken following a problem.
3.9 Infrastructure and site inspections
Regular site inspections will be undertaken in all operational areas by the relevant O&M
contractors as part of the normal operating procedures of the site and records of these
checks will be retained on-site. Inspections will be carried out on a continuous basis, but
as a minimum an inspection of the site and equipment will be carried out during every
operating shift with maintenance work instructions raised for any items identified.
As part of the design of the facility, the control of dust and fluff has been considered.
This includes:
The use of an enclosed fuel reception/unloading building with air extraction and
filtration system.
Mechanical ventilation of waste processing areas to prevent fugitive emissions from
the building facade.
Dust suppression system in the CHP bunker.
A vacuum cleaning system within the CHP Plant to allow dust and fluff to be
cleaned up.
These systems will be checked as part of the planned maintenance regime as required in
the detailed operating manuals for each piece of equipment.
There will be regular cleaning of dust and fluff using the installed vacuum cleaning
system as required.
3.10 Electrical faults
The risk of electrical fault on site will be minimised by the use of qualified electricians and
will comply with the relevant British Standards for the design and installation of electrical
equipment and supplementary bonding/earthing.
Electrical equipment will be checked and maintained as part of the planned maintenance
regime as required in the detailed operating manuals for each piece of equipment.
Electrical equipment located in areas that could result in a fire from hot surfaces will have
built in thermistors to monitor the temperature of the equipment and will automatically
cut out to prevent hot surfaces that could cause fires.
3.11 Ignition sources
A review under the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations
(DSEAR) will be completed during the detailed design of the facility, with any risk areas
identified on zoning drawings.
Vehicles and electrical items necessary for the operation of the facility will be regularly
inspected for electrical faults. All mobile plant serving the facility will be fitted with fire
extinguishers and dust filters.
Naked sources of ignition will be controlled on site through a hot work management
system, which will cover: ‘Any temporary operation involving the introduction of open
flames or production of heat or sparks including, but not limited to Brazing, Cutting,
Grinding, Soldering & Welding’.
This system will cover both staff and contractors on site. The system will also include
requirements for the site to train and authorise ‘hot work risk assessors’ for the purposes
of eliminating, reducing and managing the risks associated with hot work.
All visitors will be informed about the site fire safety precautions as part of the site
induction procedure.
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As part of the hot work management system, the potential for sources of ignition to
cause fires will be managed on a case by case basis. The guidance of keeping sources of
ignition at least 6m away from any combustible or flammable waste will be followed as
part of this management system. Some potential sources of ignition are covered in more
detail below.
3.12 Industrial heaters
It will be confirmed during detailed design of the different waste treatment processes
whether industrial heaters will be permanently installed. If applicable, the hot work
management system will be extended to include the use of industrial heaters and the
necessary safeguards required in each instance assessed and implemented to ensure
their use is safe.
3.13 No smoking policy
The site will adopt a no smoking policy. Smoking will be prohibited in operational areas.
External areas designated for smoking within the installation boundary will be identified,
with suitable facilities provided for staff.
3.14 Heat and spark prevention
A review under the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations
(DSEAR) will be completed during the design of the facility, with any risk areas identified
on zoning drawings.
3.15 Gas bottle and other flammable items
Gas cylinders will be stored within purpose-built dedicated storage facilities. All facilities
for the storage of gas cylinders will be kept locked/secured. The location of gas cylinder
storage and other flammable items will be subject to detailed design. A plan showing the
location of gas storage facilities will be included in Appendix A upon completion of
detailed design.
A system for the regular inspection of gas storage facilities will be developed as part of
the operating and maintenance procedures and site inspection regime.
3.16 Fire watch
Operational staff will be briefed on the need for monitoring for the early signs of fires.
The CHP waste reception and bunker and all main process areas have CCTV to allow
remote monitoring from the control rooms on a continuous basis.
All waste delivered to the site will be supervised by operational staff for the different
waste treatment processes, who will be responsible for the inspection and monitoring
waste deliveries to the waste treatment processes.
3.17 Smoke/heat/flame detectors
An outline Fire Strategy (Refer to Appendix C) has been developed for the CHP Plant,
Pulp Plant and WWTP and details the choice of fire detection system (Smoke/heat/flame
and carbon dioxide detectors) in the different areas of site depending on the suitability of
each detection type in each waste processing area. The Fire Strategy will be extended to
include the AD, MRF and MBT and will be incorporated into this Fire Prevention Plan.
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4 MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE OF WASTE
4.1 Incompatible/hot loads
Waste acceptance procedures will be developed for the facility. These will include
considerations for incompatible wastes and hot loads.
Contracts with dedicated waste companies will be put in place for the delivery of all
wastes to the IWMF. The Contracts will have detailed waste specifications for the wastes
to be delivered to the facility. This will restrict the incompatible wastes to be delivered to
the facility. Upon arrival at the gatehouse, the waste vehicles will be directed to the
relevant waste treatment reception area.
Non-permitted wastes or incompatible waste will be identified by the delivery driver or by
the operator through examination of the fuel prior to it being discharged and as it is
being unloaded into the waste reception areas. Wastes which are rejected will be
transferred to dedicated quarantine areas. Quarantine areas will be designed in
accordance with the requirements of the EA’s fire prevention plan guidance.
4.2 Waste acceptance - permitted waste
Waste acceptance procedures will be developed for the facility. This fire prevention plan
will be updated following development of procedures. This will include arrangements for
the management of wastes which are permitted to be treated within the facility.
4.3 Waste storage – separation distance
Following consultation with the Environment Agency’s Senior Advisor Pete McGillivray, it
is understood that the storage requirements relating to pile separation distances only
applies to external storage of wastes. As detailed in section 4.6, all wastes which are
delivered or stored within the site will be within buildings. Taking this into consideration,
the pile separation distances will be adopted as good practice where feasible.
4.4 Fire walls
Fire walls will be installed between the different waste treatment processing areas. The
firewalls are shown in red on MSJ drawing 213033-100. A drawing showing the location
of the fire walls can be seen in Appendix A.
Areas with a higher risk of fire will be protected in accordance with the requirements of
NFPA 850. These areas are separated through fire-resistant construction (indoor) or by
separation distance (outdoor):
Pulp Plant;
Material Deinking Pulp (MDIP) Despatch;
Recovered Waste Paper (RCP) Storage;
RCP feed to process area;
Sludge Storage;
RDF Reception Hall;
CHP Waste Bunker;
Boiler House;
Turbine Hall;
Ash Hall;
Transformer Rooms;
Switchgear and Battery Rooms;
Electric Rooms;
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Oil tanks and flammable stores;
Vehicle circulation areas;
Stores;
Workshops;
Treatment Plant; and
Offices and Welfare.
NFPA 850 recommends that fire-resistant barriers rated to 2 hours are installed to
provide separation of these areas from each other and the rest of the building. Any
doors, shutters or penetrations through these walls also have a fire-resistance rating of 2
hours of protection in accordance with NFPA 850. Where fire-resistant barriers are
installed, the supporting structure will also be protected to at least the same rating as
the barrier itself.
Firewalls will be installed with a ‘freeboard’ space at the top and sides to contain any fires
within the individual waste treatment facilities.
Where firewalls are present, the separation distances stated in the Fire Prevention Plan
guidance will be implemented in the design of the facility.
Where firewalls are not being used, there will be a separation distance of at least 6
meters between waste piles and the site perimeter, any buildings, or other combustible
or flammable materials.
The design and compartmentalisation of the IWMF’s site operations means that between
processing areas full height fire walls will be installed.
4.5 Quarantine areas
The location of quarantine areas within the waste treatment areas are subject to detailed
design, however it can be confirmed that the quarantine areas will be have a suitable
clearance around the perimeter.
Following completion of detailed design of the waste treatment processes plans showing
the location of all quarantine areas will be developed. The plans will show the size of the
quarantine area, clearance areas around the perimeter, and infrastructure associated
with the quarantine areas.
As a minimum, it is expected that, in addition to the quarantine area provided for the
CHP Plant, as described in Section 3.1.4.2 above, there will be at least one other
quarantine area established in the MBT building that would be suitable to temporarily
store any unacceptable waste that is detected prior to being tipped into the MBT vessels
or MRF hopper or the AD process. These will be identified by the wheeled loader driver or
the AD operative and removed using the site backhoe and placed into the quarantine
bunker.
The MBT building quarantine area will be provided near to the day holding bunkers at the
level of the tipping hall. It will have a concrete floor and push-walls to allow the waste to
be collected and loaded into appropriate road vehicles and removed from the site.
Fire detection and protection measures (e.g. smoke / flame detectors, hose reel,
sprinklers, or water cannon) will be installed in this area, the final design being subject to
the recommendations of the final fire strategy completed during the detailed design
phase of the project and agreed with insurers.
4.6 Storage within buildings
The detailed arrangements for waste storage are explained within section 3.1, however it
can be confirmed that all incoming wastes and residues following processing will be
stored within buildings.
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As part of the detailed design of the facility, the fire system design for the facility will be
designed and installed by a suitably qualified and experienced fire engineering company,
which employs appropriately qualified persons. The system will be developed in
accordance with NFPA 850, which is an industry standard for fire protection systems for
power generating facilities. Where appropriate, waste storage areas will be designed with
automatic fixed fire detection and suppression systems to enable a fire to be supressed
in less than 2 hours.
4.7 Active fire fighting
The site has been designed to ensure that active fire-fighting measures are installed. The
fire-fighting system on site has been subject to a detailed design and further details can
be seen in the Fire Strategy as provided in Appendix C. The active fire-fighting measures
at the site will ensure that resources are available at all times to fight a fire. The main
features of the fire system are described in the following sections.
4.7.1 Fire prevention standards
The IWMF will be design and operated in accordance with the following fire prevention
and detection standards:
BS EN 671: Fixed fire-fighting systems;
BS 5266: Emergency Lighting;
BS 5446: Automatic Fire Alarm Systems;
BS 5839: Fire Detection and Alarm systems for buildings;
ISO 6182: Fire Protection – Automatic Sprinkler Systems;
ISO 6183: Fire protection equipment – Carbon Dioxide systems;
CIBSE Guide Volume E, Fire Engineering, 2003;
BS 5306: Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises;
BS 5588: Fire precautions in the design construction and use of buildings (only
in as much as referred to in the Building Regulations);
BS 9999 - Code of Practice for Fire Safety in the design, management and use
of Buildings; and
Building Regulations.
4.7.2 Fire detection systems
Procedures will be developed to detect a fire in its early stages to enable the impact of
the fire to be reduced. There will be a fire detection and alarm system which will cover
the whole IWMF.
The fire detection systems will include the following, where appropriate:
(1) smoke and heat detectors including temperature probes;
(2) CCTV visual flame detection systems; and
(3) spark, infrared and ultraviolet detection.
The fire alarm systems will include the following:
(1) local detectors/transducers and call points;
(2) sounders/high intensity flashing beacons;
(3) cabling and containment systems;
(4) local control and indication panels; and
(5) remote control and indication panel (incorporating integral printers) will be in
the control room.
It is proposed that the details of the fire detection and alarm systems for each process
area are confirmed prior to the commencement of commissioning.
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Automatic fire detection and alarm systems will be designed and maintained by a
suitably qualified, experienced and registered fire protection engineer.
Detailed design calculations, risk assessments and system drawings to demonstrate
compliance with the requirements of the building control officer, fire officer and the
insurer’s requirements will be produced during detailed design.
It will be the responsibility of the shift team leaders to monitor the fire alarms for the
IWMF.
4.7.3 Fire suppression systems
There will be a fire suppression system installed in the locations considered by the Fire
Strategy and NFPA 850 to be at risk of fire across the IWMF. The fire suppression
systems will include the following:
(1) Automatic sprinkler/water deluge systems - Waste reception and storage areas,
CHP Plant waste feed system, step-up transformer area, 33 kV series circuit
reactor, fire pump container and the emergency diesel generator.
(2) Automatic foam systems – turbine generator and lube oil systems, CHP auxiliary
burners.
(3) Inert gas suppression – electrical rooms, CEMS container.
(4) CO2 gas suppression system – For the bag filters in the flue gas treatment
system.
The automatic fire suppression systems will be designed and maintained by a suitably
qualified, experienced and registered fire protection engineer (Tyco). All automated
fire suppression equipment will be covered by an appropriate UKAS-accredited third
party certification scheme.
Detailed design calculations, risk assessments and system drawings to demonstrate
compliance with the requirements of the building control officer, fire officer and the
insurer’s requirements have been produced. Further details can be found in the Fire
Strategy in C.
4.7.4 Provision of firewater
The firewater provision for the facility has been designed in accordance with the
requirements of ACE and NFPA850, which require that fire-fighting systems should be
based on providing a two hour supply for the following items:
(1) Either of items below, whichever is larger:
The largest fixed fire suppression system demand; and
Any fixed fire suppression system demands that could reasonably be
expected to operate simultaneously during a single event; and
(2) The hose stream demand of not less than 1,890 litres per minute.
All waste treatment process areas will have two hour fire walls, as detailed in section
4.4. Therefore, it is assumed that any fire within the facility will be contained in the
individual waste treatment process areas.
Applying the requirements of ACE guidance, titled ‘ACE Technical Risks - Engineering
Information Bulletin Guidance Document’, the waste treatment process which will
have the greatest firewater demand will be the Pulp Plant.
Taking the design of the Pulp Plant into consideration, the fire protection measures
could be required to operate simultaneously for the following areas:
MDIP Storage and Vehicle Circulation Area;
Pulp Processing Plant;
RCP Storage & Vehicle Circulation;
Workshop;
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Stores;
Sludge Process Area;
Sludge Bunker Area; and
Offices.
The following table, applying the requirements of the ACE guidance presents the
firewater requirements for the Pulp Plant:
Table 4-1 – Firewater Demand for the Pulp Plant
Process Area
ACE
Firewater
flow rate
(mm/min)
Floor Area
(m2)
Fire Fighting
Provision
(m3/hr)
Firewater
requirements for
two hours (m3)
MDIP 14.3 3600 120 6177.6
Voith PPP 10.2 5350 120 6548.4
RCP Storage 14.3 602 120 1033.0
Workshop 10.2 300 120 367.2
Store 10.2 400 120 489.6
Sludge process area 10.2 400 120 489.6
Sludge bunker 10.2 900 120 1101.6
Offices 10.2 50 120 61.2
Total Firewater Demand (m3) 16,300
Firewater will be provided from the Upper Lagoon. The capacity of the Upper Lagoon
will be maintained at a minimum of approximately 25,000 m3 (by pumping water from
New Field Lagoon into Upper Lagoon). This system will be maintained by pumping
water from the River Blackwater, in accordance with the EA abstraction licence
(Environment Agency Licence Serial No: AN/037/0031/001/R01).
The recommendations of NFPA850 include that a minimum of 2 hours of supply should
be available and that any water supply should be replenishable within an 8-hour
period. Taking into consideration the requirements for firewater supply for the Pulp
Plant, the supply of firewater is significantly greater than the two hours required to
satisfy the requirements of ACE.
Furthermore, it is acknowledged that the Fire Prevention Plan guidance requires a
provision of three hour supply of water for fire fighting. Taking this into consideration,
the firewater provision for the Pulp Plant would be approximately 24,450m3 of water.
Therefore, the volume of water within the Upper Lagoon will provide sufficient water
to satisfy the requirements of the Fire Prevention Plan guidance.
4.7.5 Bunker cannons
Thermal Cameras will be installed over the CHP waste reception bunkers to detect any
hot spots in the waste. If the temperature of any hot spot exceeds 90ºC water
cannons installed around the bunker will automatically operate to prevent the
potential for fire within the bunker. Water cannons will have automatic and remote
control functions.
The cannons will be located in positions to optimise the horizontal and vertical
coverage of the water spray(s) for total firefighting suppression across the entire area
of the bunker.
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Throughout the detailed design of the CHP Plant waste bunker, the number and
position of the fire monitors and cannons will be established, alongside the automatic
and remote control systems. Continuous fire monitor (or hot spot) screens will be
installed within the main control room.
4.7.6 Fire hose reel system and wet riser system
A pumped fire hose reel system will be installed at the facility. The fire hose reel
system will be designed to ensure that all internal areas and rooms are within the
range of a fire hose. Following detailed design of the facility a plan identifying the
location of the fire hose reels will be developed and presented in Appendix A.
4.7.7 Fire hydrant and mains
Standard fire hydrants of the underground type will be provided within a concrete pit,
housing a sluice gate valve and handle key for opening and shutting off water supply
to the fire hydrant. Appropriate signage shall be supplied for the fire hydrant system.
The fire hydrants will be designed in accordance with the requirements of the Building
Regulations and spaced at no greater than 90 metres apart.
The standard hydrant of the underground type provided shall be completed with a
concrete pit housing a sluice gate valve and handle key for opening and shutting off
water supply to the fire hydrant. Appropriate signage shall be supplied for the fire
hydrant system. Hydrants shall be spaced at no greater than 90 metres. The location
of fire hydrants is subject to detailed design. Following detailed design of the facility a
plan identifying the location of the fire hose reels and hydrants will be developed and
presented in Appendix A.
Fire hydrants and mains will be designed in accordance with the requirements of the
Building Regulations.
4.7.8 Fire extinguishers
Fire extinguishers will be strategically located throughout the IWMF. The location of
the fire extinguishers will be subject to implementation of the recommendations of the
Fire Officer for the facility. Following detailed design of the facility a plan identifying
the location of the fire extinguishers will be developed and presented in Appendix A.
4.7.9 Containment of fire water
The site drainage system has been designed to contain all discharged firewater onsite,
in the Upper Lagoon and within the site drainage systems. The installation has been
designed for zero liquid discharges, and there will be no discharge of contaminated
waters from fire-fighting from the Upper Lagoon.
The water used for fire-fighting will be sampled and analysed to identify whether it is
suitable to be used as process water or if treatment/disposal of the water is required.
If the firewater is considered to be contaminated, the water will be pumped out, and
transferred off-site to a suitably licensed waste management facility.
Upper Lagoon will have a storage capacity of approximately 25,000 m3 with a water
level 32mAOD. It should be noted that above the water level of 32mAOD Upper
Lagoon has an additional 20,481 m3 of storm water storage capacity.
Upper Lagoon will be constructed below surrounding ground levels and within areas of
previous quarry working. The side slopes of Upper Lagoon will be constructed largely
within in-situ London Clay (Permeability <10-10 m/s) and backfilled Boulder Clay. The
slopes will be shaped to a maximum gradient of 1V:3H. Upper Lagoon will be
constructed wholly within in-situ London Clay, constructed at a gradient of 1V:3H.
Furthermore, it should be noted that the facility will be constructed within the footprint
of a former quarry, below surrounding ground level.
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4.7.10 Fire exercises
Regular fire exercises will be carried out at the site. These will consist of routine drills,
practice evacuations and training of site personnel. During periods of planned (or
unplanned) maintenance and shutdown, full fire and evacuation procedures will be
tested.
4.7.11 Contingency during the incident
Emergency procedures for the facility will be developed by the O&M contractors during
the commissioning phase of waste treatment processes. The Emergency Procedures
will include, but not be limited to, the following considerations:
• Fire identification and reporting procedures;
• An evacuation plan;
• Emergency communication procedures;
• Responding to chemical spillages;
• Containment of firewater; and
• Requirements for diverting incoming waste.
All staff and contractors will be trained in the emergency response procedures for the
relevant waste treatment process as well as the site-wide emergency procedures for
the facility. Where specific responsibilities are given to specific staff, training will be
provided to those employees. Training records in the emergency response procedures
for all staff and contractors will be retained on-site.
The effectiveness of the emergency response procedures will be reviewed following
any emergency incidents on-site. Where appropriate the procedures will be updated
and staff trained in the updated procedures.
A copy of the emergency procedures, will be maintained at the gate house, which will
also include the fire system mimic panel to allow co-ordination of the emergency
response to a fire in the event that the main offices are unavailable.
Dependent on the nature and scale of the fire, it may be necessary to notify local
residents and businesses of the fire. Prior to commencement of operation of the
Facility, and as part of the development of the documented management systems
associated with the operation of the Facility, communication procedures will be
developed and agreed.
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Appendix A – Plans and Drawings
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Appendix B - Wind Rose
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Appendix C – Fire Strategy
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