Post on 02-Mar-2016
description
1
Aditi Consultancy Services #2, ANANDA, 19th Cross, 24th Main
J P Nagar 5th Phase, Bangalore-560078 Phone/Fax: 080-26580711; Mobile: 9449612671
Web Site: http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
2
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Type of Tolerance Characteristic Symbol
Datum Required Yes / No
Applicable to Axis Yes / No
Form
Profile
Orientation
Location
Runout
Exercise Complete the following table:
3
Type of Tolerance Characteristic Symbol
Datum Required Yes / No
Applicable to Axis Yes / No
Form
Straightness No Yes Flatness No No Circularity No No Cylindricity No No
Profile Profile of a Line Yes / No No Profile of a surface Yes / No No
Orientation Angularity Yes Yes Parallelism Yes Yes Perpendicularity Yes Yes
Location Position Yes Yes Concentricity Yes Yes Symmetry Yes Yes
Runout Circular Runout Yes No Total Runout Yes No
Exercise Complete the following table:
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Mistakes in the drawing Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Correct drawing Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
6 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
I
Dimensioning of a Shaft
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
RULE 1 (Limits of Size Rule): Where only a size dimension is given
a) The size dimensions at any cross section must be within the size tolerance.
b) The surface(s) shall not extend beyond the perfect form defined by the MMC Size.
c) The form may vary within an envelope between the MMC and LMC.
Geometric Tolerance Rule
7
Straightness of Surface
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Form variation
Form variation
15.89 16.00
8
9 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Limits of Size Rule
10 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Limits of Size Rule
11
Straightness of Surface
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Difference between axis and surface straightness
The axis is straight, surface elements bent (barrel shaped)
The axis is straight, surface elements bent (hourglass shaped)
Both axis and surface elements are bent(bowed)
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
12
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Geometric Tolerance Rule
RULE 2
Geometric tolerances for a feature of size are understood to be applied regardless of feature size (RFS).
If MMC or LMC is required, it must be placed in the feature control frame.
13
Straightness of Axis at RFS
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
14
15
20.008 20.003
Precision Cylindrical Fit
(Minimum diameter of hole) (Maximum diameter of pin)
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Should be less than 20.008
16
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
RFS V/s MMC Modifier
17
Straightness of Axis at RFS
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
18
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
H
S
B
Minimum Hole Size = Shaft Size + Bend in Axis of the Shaft
i.e. H = S + B 19
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
H
S
B
Since minimum size of the hole remains the same, if the shaft size is smaller it can bend more and still assemble 20
21
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
H
S
B
Maximum Shaft Size = Hole Size - Bend in Axis of the Hole i.e. S = H - B
22
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
H
S
B
Since maximum size of the shaft remains the same, if the hole size is bigger it can bend more and still assemble
23
Straightness of Axis at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
24
MMC Virtual Condition
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Virtual condition is the collective effect of size and geometric tolerances that must be considered in determining the fit or clearance between mating parts or features.
To calculate virtual condition: External features: MMC size + Geometrical Tolerance Internal features: MMC size Geometrical Tolerance A virtual condition will exist only for tolerances that control size features.
25
26
Straightness of Median Plane on RFS Basis
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
27
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Straightness of Median Plane on MMC Basis
28
Straightness per unit length with specified total straightness
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
29
Straightness per unit length with specified total straightness
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
30 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
LMC Principle
31 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Actual Minimum Material Envelope
32 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
LMC Virtual Condition LMC Virtual condition is the collective effect of LMC size limit and geometric tolerances. It assures a protected core of part material within a pin, boss or tab or a protected case of part material around a hole or slot.
To calculate virtual condition: External features: LMC size limit Geometrical Tolerance Internal features: LMC size limit + Geometrical Tolerance
FLATNESS
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
33
34
FLATNESS
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
FLATNESS OF SHEET METAL
35
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
FLATNESS
36
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
FLATNESS AT MMC
37
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
FLATNESS AT MMC Functional Gauge
38
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
UNIT FLATNESS AT MMC Functional Gauge
39
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Indicator reading is the flatness error of the surface
Flatness Measurement
40
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Flatness Measurement
41
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Flatness Measurement
42
43
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
COORDINATE V/s ROUND TOLERANCE ZONE
20.40 20.28
20.40 20.28
44
Round Tolerance Zone
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
45 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Position Tolerance of a Hole at MMC
46
Functional Gauge for Inspection
Part must slide over 13.88 gauge pin. Must lie flat on base of gage (Datum A). Touch Datum B along its length and simultaneously touch Datum C
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
47
Exercise
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Complete the drawings of the following 2 parts for interchangeable assembly.
MMC Virtual Condition
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Virtual condition is the collective effect of size and geometric tolerances that must be considered in determining the fit or clearance between mating parts or features.
To calculate virtual condition: External features: MMC size + Geometrical Tolerance Internal features: MMC size Geometrical Tolerance A virtual condition will exist only for tolerances that control size features.
48
49
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Exercise Using positional tolerance improve the design of the following part
50
Datum Reference Frame
Free Movement Restricted Movement
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
51 51 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Datum Referencing
52 52 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Datum Referencing
53 53 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Datum Referencing
Position Tolerance of a Hole Defines a zone in which the center axis or center plane is permitted to vary from true (theoretically exact) position.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
54
Hole axes in relation to Positional Tolerancing
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
55
Design a rectangular part that sits on surface A and three matching holes in it engage with the projecting cylindrical pins
A
X
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
56
Dimensions (Without Datums)
150.1 30
a=150.1 b=150.1 c=150.1
30
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
57
58
Dimensions (With Datums)
15 30
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
O 0.2 A 3X
59 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Exercise Number of similar parts shown below are stacked one above the other and fastened using bolts passing through 4 holes. Central hole is used for locating and slot is used for aligning them. Complete the engineering drawing by adding the necessary datum and geometrical tolerances.
60 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Position Tolerance
61 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Two Datum Planes Through a Hole
62 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Two Datum Planes Through a Hole
63
Restrained Features
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
64 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Inclined Datum Feature
65 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Inclined Datum Feature
66 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
LMC Virtual Condition LMC Virtual condition is the collective effect of LMC size limit and geometric tolerances. It assures a protected core of part material within a pin, boss or tab or a protected case of part material around a hole or slot.
To calculate virtual condition: External features: LMC size limit Geometrical Tolerance Internal features: LMC size limit + Geometrical Tolerance
Boss and Hole at LMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
67
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Surface Plate, Granite Square, Straight Edge, etc.
Measuring Accessories
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Measuring Accessories
Plunger Type Dial Gauges
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
70
Lever Type Dial Gauges
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Dial Stands
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
72
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Slip Gauges
Slip blocks are used as standards for precision length measurement in the Engineering Industry.
73
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Slip Blocks Four Grades of Accuracy
Workshop Grade Grade 2
Inspection Grade Grade 1
Calibration Grade Grade 0
Reference Grade Grade 00 or K
Care of Block Gauges
When not used, Slips should be kept in their Case.
Avoid Excessive Handling - Dont touch lapped faces.
Wipe slips clean before and after they are used.
Use soft linen or cambric cloth to clean slips.
Least Expensive
Most Expensive
74
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Wringing of Slip Gauges
75
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Plug Gauges
A Plug Gauge is an precision-sized gauge which is used for size control of internal diameters/holes.
Go No-Go gauges are double ended. If the Go end is sized to 20mm, the No-Go end is slightly bigger, i.e. 20.020mm. If the Go end fits in the machined hole and the No-Go end doesnt then the hole is the an acceptable size.
The tolerance on the gauges can vary and each gauge is usually specific to a particular job. 76
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Ring Gauges
A Ring Gauge is a precision-sized gauge used for size control of external diameters/bars.
It can be fitted over a bar end and moved along the length to test for roundness and accuracy of diameter.
77
Thread Plug and Ring Gauges
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
78
Screw Pitch Gauges
A screw pitch gauge has a set of teeth which are of a known thread form. The gauge is used to determine the pitch of a thread on a bolt or screw of any diameter.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
79
Feeler
Gauges
Feeler Gauges
Feeler Gauges are manufactured from accurately rolled shims and are used to measure gap sizes from 0.05mm up to about 1.25mm (0.002 to
0.050 inches). The numbers are marked on the gauge to give the
thickness and thus the gap width.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
80
Radius
Gauges
Radius Gauges
Radius gauges are usually made of tool steel and cut with an inside and outside radius of a stated size. The gauges are grouped with other sizes to make a set.
An accurately machined component can be easily compared with the profile of a radius gauge.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
81
Sine Plate
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
82
Sine Bar
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
83
Sine Bar
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
84
Angle Gauges
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
85
Angle Gauges
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
86
Angle Gauges
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
87
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Profile Projector
88
Electronic Height Gauge
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
89
Electronic Height Gauge
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
90
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
91
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
92
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
CMM PROBES
93
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
CMM Scanning
Probe Head
94
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
95
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Cantilever Type CMM Bridge Type CMM
96
COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
High Precision and Multi Sensor CMM
Gantry Type CMM
97
Portable CMM
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
98
LASER scanner with an articulated arm
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
99
Table Rotation
Precision Form Tester
COLUMN SPINDLE AND
GAUGE
Spindle Rotation Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
SURFACE FINISH & FORM MEASURING MACHINE
101
3D Measurement
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
102
103
Position all 5 the Holes relative to the two Centre Planes and the Bottom Surface of the part
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Exercise
104
Positional Tolerancing relative to Datum Feature Centre Planes
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
105
Multiple Pattern of Features
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
106 Tolerance Zones for Patterns Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
107 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
PLTZF & FRTZF
PLTZF
FRTZF
108 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Composite Position Tolerancing
109 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Composite Position Tolerancing
One possible relationship between the PLTZF and FRTZF
110 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Composite Position Tolerancing
111 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
One possible relationship between the PLTZF and FRTZF
Composite Position Tolerancing
112
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Composite Position Tolerancing
113
Composite Position Tolerancing (Circular Pattern of Features)
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
114
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
AME of 50
+0.25 0
Functional Gage with Datum at RFS
115 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Functional Gage with Datum at RFS
116 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Functional Gage with Datum at RFS
117
Functional Gage with Datum at MMC
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
50.25
118 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Functional Gage with Datum at MMC
119 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Functional Gage with Datum at MMC
120 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Functional Gauge with Datum at MMC
121
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Bi Directional Position Tolerancing
122
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Bi Directional Position Tolerancing
123 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Projected Tolerance Zone
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
124
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Projected Tolerance Zone
Fastener and Hole
125 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
When the projected tolerance zone symbol is shown, it means that the stated tolerance zone is extended beyond the surface of the part, not within the part.
Projected Tolerance Zone
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
126 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Gauge for Projected Tolerance Zone
Profile of a Surface Profile of surface is a tolerance zone, three-dimensionally extending
along the length and width of the considered feature or features.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Tolerance zone for the part
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
129
Profile of a Surface (In Between) Profile of surface is a tolerance zone, three-dimensionally extending along the length
and width of the considered feature or features.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
130
Tolerance zone for the part
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
131
Profile of a Surface with Datums
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Profile of a Surface with Datums
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Profile of a Line
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
A geometric tolerance that limits the amount of error for line elements relative to their true profile
Profile tolerances are often used to control irregular shapes. e.g. contours.
Profile of a Line
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Profile of a Line (In Between) Profile of a line between two points of the considered feature.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Profile of a Line (In Between)
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Profile of a Line with Datums
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Profile of a Line with Datums
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Profile of a Line
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Tolerance zone for the part
Unilateral: all outward from the basic profile.
Unilateral: all inward from the basic profile.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
141 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Checking Profile using Template
142 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Profile Tolerance Zone ASME
For profile of a surface or line, the tolerance value represents the distance between two boundaries equally or unequally disposed about the true profile or entirely disposed on one side of the profile
143
Profile Unilaterally Disposed
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
144
Profile of a surface All around
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
145
Profile All-Around Application
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
146
Profile of a surface All Over
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
147
Profile of a surface All Over
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
148 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Profile of a Surface
149
Profile of a Surface
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
150 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Profile of a Surface
151 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Profile of a Surface (All Around)
152 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Composite Profile of a Surface
153
Profile - Multiple or Co-Planar Surfaces
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
154 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Tangent Plane
A plane contacting the high points of the surface shall lie within two parallel planes 0.1 apart
155 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Tangent Plane
0.01
156 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Tangent Plane
157
Angularity
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
158
Angularity
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
159
Concentricity The condition where the median points of all diametrically opposed elements of a cylinder (or a surface of revolution) are congruent with the axis of a datum feature.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Concentricity Circular tolerance zone of 0.1 mm diameter
Median points should fall with in the tolerance zone
Concentricity Circular tolerance zone of 0.1 mm diameter
Median points should fall with in the tolerance zone
162
Concentricity
163 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Concentricity Between Features
CIRCULAR RUNOUT A composite control that affects the form, orientation, and location of circular elements of a part feature relative to a datum axis.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Run-out
A
Rotating about datum axis A
Full Indicator Movement (FIM) should be less than .002
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Datum axis A
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Circular Runout
Circular Runout - Axial The tolerance zone is limited to any radial position by two circles with a distance t apart lying in a cylindrical section, the axis of which coincides with the datum.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
TOTAL RADIAL RUNOUT
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore http://www.aditiconsultancy.com
Total Runout - Axial The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum.
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Checking Axial Runout
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
CIRCULAR RUNOUT
The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of t, the axes of which coincide with the datum.
Control affecting the form, orientation, and location of all surface elements of a diameter (or surface) relative to a datum A composite axis.
Total Run-out Tolerance -- Radial
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
CIRCULAR RUNOUT
174
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Coaxial Features
175 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Co-axiality Control
176 176 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Functional Gauge
177
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Symmetrical Tolerancing
178
Symmetry
Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
179 179 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
Position Tolerance for Symmetry
180 Aditi Consultancy Services, Bangalore
If you have any queries please contact:
A Raghunath
Aditi Consultancy Services
Email: training@aditiconsultancy.com
Tel / Fax: 91 80 26580711; Mobile: 9449612671
http://www.aditiconsultancy.com