GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 1

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

227

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

34

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 2

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

229

Th

90

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

224

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

40

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 24 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 hours, if the source has a half-life of 16 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 3

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

31

P

15

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Ra

…..

X + …..

………

88 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

26

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 40 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 4

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

240

U

92

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

44

Ca

…..

X +

….. ………

20 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 48 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 56 hours, if the source has a half-life of 14 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 5

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

219

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

32

Si

…..

X +

….. ………

14 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 42 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 42 years, if the source has a half-life of 14 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 6

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

209

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

225

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

41

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 65 Bq in 28 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 7

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

17

O

8

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 36 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 years, if the source has a half-life of 6 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 8

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

30

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

34

Si

…..

X +

….. ………

14 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 25 Bq in 66 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 9

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

21

Ne

10

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

212

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

43

K

…..

X +

….. ………

19 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 16.25 Bq in 48 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 10

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

239

U

92

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

23

F

…..

X +

….. ………

9 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 56 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 80 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 11

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

21

Ne

10

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

20

O

…..

X +

….. ………

8 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 80 Bq in 24 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 20 years, if the source has a half-life of 10 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 12

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

37

K

19

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

222

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

O

…..

X +

….. ………

8 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 42 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 years, if the source has a half-life of 12 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 13

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

226

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

30

Al

…..

X +

….. ………

13 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 80 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 years, if the source has a half-life of 10 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 14

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

29

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

224

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

34

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 44 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 15

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

31

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 56 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 hours, if the source has a half-life of 10 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 16

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

230

Pa

91

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

27

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 25 Bq in 16 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 17

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

21

Na

11

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

36

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 16 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 18

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

14

N

7

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

25

Ne

…..

X +

….. ………

10 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 96 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 19

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

225

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

26

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 36 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 20 hours, if the source has a half-life of 10 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 20

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

220

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

33

Si

…..

X +

….. ………

14 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 20 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 days, if the source has a half-life of 22 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 21

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

33

P

15

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

O

…..

X +

….. ………

8 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 48 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 hours, if the source has a half-life of 20 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 22

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

31

Si

14

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

17

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 65 Bq in 20 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 23

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

43

Ar

18

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 35 Bq in 54 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 years, if the source has a half-life of 16 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 24

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

28

Al

13

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

213

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 96 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 88 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 25

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

221

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 40 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 years, if the source has a half-life of 16 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 26

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

219

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

225

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

33

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 30 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 27

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

9

C

6

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

24

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 28 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 28

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

16

O

8

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

40

Cl

…..

X +

….. ………

17 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 54 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 29

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

212

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

222

Ra

…..

X + …..

………

88 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 42 hours, if the source has a half-life of 14 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 30

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

22

F

9

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

43

Ca

…..

X +

….. ………

20 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 40 Bq in 36 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 31

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

235

U

92

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

226

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

23

F

…..

X +

….. ………

9 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 30 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 32

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

219

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

215

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 30 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 16 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 33

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

38

Ar

18

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

24

F

…..

X +

….. ………

9 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 11.25 Bq in 40 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 34

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

21

Ne

10

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

14

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 12 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 hours, if the source has a half-life of 20 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 35

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

221

Fr

87

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

39

Cl

…..

X +

….. ………

17 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 55 Bq in 24 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 28 days, if the source has a half-life of 14 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 36

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

211

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 10 Bq in 64 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 20 years, if the source has a half-life of 10 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 37

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

211

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

222

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

38

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 30 Bq in 44 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 56 years, if the source has a half-life of 14 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 38

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

221

Fr

87

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

215

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

31

Al

…..

X +

….. ………

13 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 50 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 years, if the source has a half-life of 6 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 39

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

228

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

213

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

32

Al

…..

X +

….. ………

13 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 32 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 40

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

220

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

20

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 48 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 41

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

224

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

39

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 96 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 hours, if the source has a half-life of 16 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 42

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

31

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

222

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

34

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 6.25 Bq in 64 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 43

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

23

Mg

12

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

38

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 18.75 Bq in 48 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 88 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 44

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

233

Th

90

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

215

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

38

Cl

…..

X +

….. ………

17 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 hours, if the source has a half-life of 18 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 45

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

27

Mg

12

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Ra

…..

X + …..

………

88 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

26

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 40 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 days, if the source has a half-life of 24 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 46

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

229

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

23

F

…..

X +

….. ………

9 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 25 Bq in 30 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 years, if the source has a half-life of 12 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 47

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

212

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

25

Ne

…..

X +

….. ………

10 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 80 Bq in 12 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 days, if the source has a half-life of 24 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 48

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

17

N

7

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

215

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

24

F

…..

X +

….. ………

9 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 37.5 Bq in 48 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 64 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 49

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

38

Ar

18

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Al

…..

X +

….. ………

13 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 35 Bq in 72 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 hours, if the source has a half-life of 22 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 50

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

35

Cl

17

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

226

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 16 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 days, if the source has a half-life of 22 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 51

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

31

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

46

Ca

…..

X +

….. ………

20 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 37.5 Bq in 42 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 years, if the source has a half-life of 24 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 52

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

225

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 44 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 53

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

212

Po

84

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 20 Bq in 72 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 54

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

224

Fr

87

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

39

Cl

…..

X +

….. ………

17 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 24 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 96 years, if the source has a half-life of 24 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 55

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

225

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

226

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

42

K

…..

X +

….. ………

19 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 160 Bq to 10 Bq in 72 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 56

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

13

O

8

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 20 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 57

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

42

K

19

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

213

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

31

Si

…..

X +

….. ………

14 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 96 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 58

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

229

Pa

91

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

222

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

40

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 56 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 years, if the source has a half-life of 8 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 59

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

26

Si

14

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

24

Ne

…..

X +

….. ………

10 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 24 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 60

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

221

Fr

87

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

27

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 48 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 days, if the source has a half-life of 22 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 61

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

233

Th

90

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

32

Al

…..

X +

….. ………

13 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 45 Bq in 32 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 30 hours, if the source has a half-life of 10 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 62

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

229

Th

90

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

41

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 18.75 Bq in 48 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 63

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

41

Ar

18

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

211

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

24

F

…..

X +

….. ………

9 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 48 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 64

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

207

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

26

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 260 Bq to 16.25 Bq in 24 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 years, if the source has a half-life of 6 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 65

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

37

Ca

20

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

224

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Na

…..

X +

….. ………

11 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 15 Bq in 72 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 88 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 66

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

229

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

15

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 80 Bq in 12 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 42 days, if the source has a half-life of 14 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 67

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

41

Ar

18

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

29

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 50 Bq in 20 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 80 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 68

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

39

Ca

20

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

215

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

29

Al

…..

X +

….. ………

13 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 20 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 69

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

40

Ca

20

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

223

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

20

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 24 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 hours, if the source has a half-life of 12 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 70

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

12

C

6

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

14

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 24 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 71

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

226

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

223

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

44

Ca

…..

X +

….. ………

20 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 60 Bq in 32 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 hours, if the source has a half-life of 18 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 72

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

226

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

223

U

…..

X + …..

………

92 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

16

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 20 Bq in 24 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 73

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

240

U

92

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

211

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

38

Ar

…..

X +

….. ………

18 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 6.25 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 80 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 74

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

227

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

36

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 72 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 years, if the source has a half-life of 8 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 75

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

224

Fr

87

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 72 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 8 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 76

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

12

C

6

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

21

O

…..

X +

….. ………

8 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 30 Bq in 60 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 days, if the source has a half-life of 20 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 77

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

211

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 15 Bq in 54 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 78

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

33

Cl

17

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

38

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 30 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 hours, if the source has a half-life of 22 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 79

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

16

O

8

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

36

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 35 Bq in 20 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 60 hours, if the source has a half-life of 20 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 80

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

227

Ac

89

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

219

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

21

O

…..

X +

….. ………

8 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 80 Bq to 5 Bq in 40 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 72 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 81

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

24

Mg

12

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Ra

…..

X + …..

………

88 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

37

Cl

…..

X +

….. ………

17 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 50 Bq in 48 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 82

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

15

O

8

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Ac

…..

X + …..

………

89 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

27

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 30 Bq in 16 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 12 hours, if the source has a half-life of 6 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 83

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

29

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

35

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 54 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 66 years, if the source has a half-life of 22 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 84

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

221

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

36

P

…..

X +

….. ………

15 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 320 Bq to 40 Bq in 24 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 24 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 85

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

223

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

220

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

16

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 75 Bq in 40 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 days, if the source has a half-life of 8 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 86

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

210

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

224

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

19

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 13.75 Bq in 64 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 87

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

224

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

27

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 11.25 Bq in 72 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 30 days, if the source has a half-life of 10 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 88

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

33

S

16

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

214

At

…..

X + …..

………

85 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

36

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 72 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 16 hours, if the source has a half-life of 8 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 89

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

21

Ne

10

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

26

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 220 Bq to 27.5 Bq in 36 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 56 hours, if the source has a half-life of 14 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 90

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

234

Th

90

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

224

Th

…..

X + …..

………

90 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

42

K

…..

X +

….. ………

19 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 180 Bq to 22.5 Bq in 18 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 16 years, if the source has a half-life of 8 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

24

21

18

15

12

9

6

3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 91

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

230

Pa

91

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

215

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

15

C

…..

X +

….. ………

6 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 140 Bq to 8.75 Bq in 72 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 54 days, if the source has a half-life of 18 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

7

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 92

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

213

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

221

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 300 Bq to 37.5 Bq in 30 hours.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 48 hours, if the source has a half-life of 24 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 93

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

212

At

85

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

34

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 56 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 years, if the source has a half-life of 18 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

64

56

48

40

32

24

16

8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 94

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

26

Mg

12

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

217

Fr

…..

X + …..

………

87 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

28

Mg

…..

X +

….. ………

12 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 200 Bq to 12.5 Bq in 96 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 18 days, if the source has a half-life of 6 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 95

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

235

Th

90

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

223

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

30

Si

…..

X +

….. ………

14 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 280 Bq to 17.5 Bq in 72 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 64 hours, if the source has a half-life of 16 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /days

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 96

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

209

Po

84

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

216

Rn

…..

X + …..

………

86 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

18

N

…..

X +

….. ………

7 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 96 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 97

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

226

Ra

88

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

211

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

37

S

…..

X +

….. ………

16 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 25 Bq in 36 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 36 days, if the source has a half-life of 12 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

48

42

36

30

24

18

12

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 98

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

25

Al

13

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

225

Pa

…..

X + …..

………

91 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

44

Ca

…..

X +

….. ………

20 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 120 Bq to 7.5 Bq in 40 years.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 32 days, if the source has a half-life of 16 days.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

72

63

54

45

36

27

18

9

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 99

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

224

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

19

O

…..

X +

….. ………

8 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 240 Bq to 60 Bq in 24 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 44 hours, if the source has a half-life of 22 hours.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Time /years

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.

GCSE Physics Atomic Structure Techniques “Students should be able to…” Sheet 100

1. Describe the structure of the nucleus of the isotope shown below.

222

Rn

86

2. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via alpha decay into an unknown element, X.

218

Po

…..

X + …..

………

84 ….. …..

3. Complete the decay equation, showing an isotope decaying via beta decay into an unknown element, X.

33

Si

…..

X +

….. ………

14 ….. …..

4. Determine the half-life of a radioactive source which decreases from an activity of 100 Bq to 6.25 Bq in 96 days.

5. Determine the fraction of a radioactive source which has decayed after 40 years, if the source has a half-life of 20 years.

6. Draw a diagram showing a nuclear fission chain reaction.

7. Explain which of the isotopes in the table would be the best choice for use as:

Isotope Half-life Emission (a) a radioactive medical tracer (b) a source in a radiotherapy machine

A 4 hours α

B 2 years β

C 10 days β γ

D 20 minutes γ

E 4 years α β γ

8. Use the graph to accurately determine the half-life of the radioactive source.

Act

ivit

y /B

q

32

28

24

20

16

12

8

4

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360

Time /hours

9. Describe and explain how the model of the atom has changed over time. You may use diagrams as part of your answer.