GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

Question1

Question2

Question3

Question4

Question5

GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

Question 1

(a) Name the organs which produce each of the following hormones. Choose from this list.

ovaries brain liver stomach pancreas testes kidney pituitary

(i) testosterone. ………………………….. (ii) insulin.………………………….

(iii) ADH. …………………………….. (iv) oestrogen…………………………(4)

(b) How are hormones carried around the body? …………………………………………………………………………………(1)

(c) (i) Which hormone is lacking in a person who suffers from diabetes? …………………………………………………………………………….……. (1)

(ii) How does the urine of a diabetic differ from the urine of a healthy person? ……………………………………………………………..…………………. (1)

(a) Name the organs which produce each of the following hormones. Choose from this list.

ovaries brain liver stomach pancreas testes kidney pituitary

(i) testosterone. ………………………….. (ii) insulin.………………………….

(iii) ADH. …………………………….. (iv) oestrogen…………………………(4)

(b) How are hormones carried around the body? …………………………………………………………………………………(1)

(c) (i) Which hormone is lacking in a person who suffers from diabetes? …………………………………………………………………………….……. (1)

(ii) How does the urine of a diabetic differ from the urine of a healthy person? ……………………………………………………………..…………………. (1)

Testes. Liver.

Kidney. Ovaries.

By the blood circulation.

Insulin.

It contains glucose..

(a) Name the organs which produce each of the following hormones. Choose from this list.

ovaries brain liver stomach pancreas testes kidney pituitary

(i) testosterone. ………………………….. (ii) insulin.………………………….

(iii) ADH. …………………………….. (iv) oestrogen…………………………(4)

(b) How are hormones carried around the body? …………………………………………………………………………………(1)

(c) (i) Which hormone is lacking in a person who suffers from diabetes? …………………………………………………………………………….……. (1)

(ii) How does the urine of a diabetic differ from the urine of a healthy person? ……………………………………………………………..…………………. (1)

Mark scheme

testes; pancreas;

pituitary; ovaries;

(dissolved) in the blood;

insulin;

diabetic urine contains glucose/sugar, normal urine does not;

(a) Name the organs which produce each of the following hormones. Choose from this list.

ovaries brain liver stomach pancreas testes kidney pituitary

(i) testosterone. ………………………….. (ii) insulin.………………………….

(iii) ADH. …………………………….. (iv) oestrogen…………………………(4)

(b) How are hormones carried around the body? …………………………………………………………………………………(1)

(c) (i) Which hormone is lacking in a person who suffers from diabetes? …………………………………………………………………………….……. (1)

(ii) How does the urine of a diabetic differ from the urine of a healthy person? ………………………………………………………………..………………. (1)

Testes. Liver.

Kidney. Ovaries.

By the blood circulation.

Insulin.

It contains glucose..

‘Pancreas’ produces insulin which acts on the liver.

‘Pituitary’ produces ADH which acts on the kidneys.

No comparison drawn between ‘normal’ and ‘diabetic’ urine.‘It’ is ambiguous – which urine do you mean?

47

GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

Question 2

The diagram shows a section of the eye.

suspensory ligament retina choroid lens pupil sclera optic nerve iris ciliary muscle

(a) Name the parts of the eye labelled A, B, C, D and E. Choose the names from the list.A. ……………………………… B. ………………………………. C. ……………………………… D. ………………………………. E. …………………………..…… (5)

(b) Which part of the eye: (i) contains light sensitive cells…………………………………………… (1)

(ii) controls how much light enters the eye?………..……………………... (1)

(iii) connects the eye to the brain?………………………………..………… (1)

(iv) alters the thickness of the lens? …………….………………………….. (1)

(c) State one function of the sclera……………..…………………………… (1)

The diagram shows a section of the eye.

suspensory ligament retina choroid lens pupil sclera optic nerve iris ciliary muscle

(a) Name the parts of the eye labelled A, B, C, D and E. Choose the names from the list.A. ……………………………… B. ………………………………. C. ……………………………… D. ………………………………. E. …………………………..…… (5)

Optic nerve. Retina.Cilary muscle.

Iris.Lens.

(b) Which part of the eye: (i) contains light sensitive cells…………………………………………… (1)

(ii) controls how much light enters the eye?………..……………………... (1)

(iii) connects the eye to the brain?………………………………..………… (1)

(iv) alters the thickness of the lens? …………….………………………….. (1)

(c) State one function of the sclera……………..…………………………… (1)

The retina.

The pupil.

The optic nerve.The suspensory ligaments.

It is a tough coat so helps to keep the shape of the eyeball.

The diagram shows a section of the eye.

suspensory ligament retina choroid lens pupil sclera optic nerve iris ciliary muscle

(a) Name the parts of the eye labelled A, B, C, D and E. Choose the names from the list.A. ……………………………… B. ………………………………. C. ……………………………… D. ………………………………. E. …………………………..…… (5)

Mark scheme

optic nerve; retina;iris; pupil;

lens;

(b) Which part of the eye: (i) contains light sensitive cells…………………………………………… (1)

(ii) controls how much light enters the eye?………..……………………... (1)

(iii) connects the eye to the brain?………………………………..………… (1)

(iv) alters the thickness of the lens? …………….………………………….. (1)

(c) State one function of the sclera……………..…………………………… (1)

Mark scheme

retina;

iris;

optic nerve;

ciliary muscle;

stops light entering except at front of eye/acts as skeleton for the eye/provides attachment for eye muscles;

The diagram shows a section of the eye.

suspensory ligament retina choroid lens pupil sclera optic nerve iris ciliary muscle

(a) Name the parts of the eye labelled A, B, C, D and E. Choose the names from the list.A. ……………………………… B. ………………………………. C. ……………………………… D. ………………………………. E. …………………………..…… (5)

Optic nerve. Retina.Cilary muscle.

Iris.Lens.C is the iris which regulates the diameter of D, the pupil. Note the correct

spelling of ‘ciliary’ - not ‘cilary’.

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(b) Which part of the eye: (i) contains light sensitive cells…………………………………………… (1)

(ii) controls how much light enters the eye?………..……………………... (1)

(iii) connects the eye to the brain?………………………………..………… (1)

(iv) alters the thickness of the lens? …………….………………………….. (1)

(c) State one function of the sclera……………..…………………………… (1)

The retina.

The pupil.

The optic nerve.The suspensory ligaments.

It is a tough coat so helps to keep the shape of the eyeball.

The iris, which is made of muscle, does this by altering the diameter of the pupil.

The ciliary muscles, which are made of muscle, do this by pulling on the suspensory ligaments which then pull on the lens to change its thickness.

This is one of the roles of the sclera as a skeleton.

35

GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

Question 3

The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.

stimulus

receptor cell

A

B

C

D

(a) Where are the receptor cells located. ….…………………………………… (1)

(b) Name nerve cells A and B and structures C and D. A: ……………………………………… B: ……………………………………… C: ……………………………………… D: …………………………………… (4)

The stimulus could be a hotplate touching the finger tips.

(c) What would be the response to the fingers touching a hot plate? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(d) How would the response be brought about? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(e) Name two other reflex responses. ……………………………………………………………………...………. (2)

The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.

stimulus

receptor cell

A

B

C

D

(a) Where are the receptor cells located. ….…………………………………… (1)

(b) Name nerve cells A and B and structures C and D. A: ……………………………………… B: ……………………………………… C: ……………………………………… D: …………………………………… (4)

The stimulus could be a hotplate touching the finger tips.

In the finger tips.

Sensory nerve. Motor nerve.Spinal chord.

Arm muscle.

(c) What would be the response to the fingers touching a hot plate? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(d) How would the response be brought about? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(e) Name two other reflex responses. ……………………………………………………………………...………. (2)

The hand would be pulled away sharply.

By sudden contraction of the arm muscles.

Sneezing, secretion of gastric juice.

The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.

stimulus

receptor cell

A

B

C

D

(a) Where are the receptor cells located. ….…………………………………… (1)

(b) Name nerve cells A and B and structures C and D. A: ……………………………………… B: ……………………………………… C: ……………………………………… D: …………………………………… (4)

The stimulus could be a hotplate touching the finger tips.

Mark scheme

in the skin;

sensory neurone/nerve cell; motor neurone/nerve cell;

spinal cord; muscle

(c) What would be the response to the fingers touching a hot plate? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(d) How would the response be brought about? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(e) Name two other reflex responses. ……………………………………………………………………...………. (2)

Mark scheme

rapid pulling away of the hand fingers;

by contraction of arm muscles;

coughing/crying/sneezing/salivation/other; max 2

The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.

stimulus

receptor cell

A

B

C

D

(a) Where are the receptor cells located. ….…………………………………… (1)

(b) Name nerve cells A and B and structures C and D. A: ……………………………………… B: ……………………………………… C: ……………………………………… D: …………………………………… (4)

The stimulus could be a hotplate touching the finger tips.

In the finger tips.

Sensory nerve. Motor nerve.Spinal chord.

Arm muscle.

Be precise – the receptor cells are in the skin.

Need ‘neurone’ or ‘nerve cell’. Nerves are collections of nerve cells

Correct spelling is ‘cord’ – but accepted. ‘Chord’ is a musical chord.

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(c) What would be the response to the fingers touching a hot plate? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(d) How would the response be brought about? ……………………………………………………………………………… (1)

(e) Name two other reflex responses. ……………………………………………………………………...………. (2)

The hand would be pulled away sharply.

By sudden contraction of the arm muscles.

Sneezing, secretion of gastric juice.

Accept, because initial stage of gastric secretion is reflex controlled. Later stages are hormonally controlled.

44

GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

Question 4

The diagram shows some of the events in the regulation of blood glucose.

Mean blood glucose concentration (3.3 – 5.9 millimoles per dm3)

Detected by chemoreceptors in organ XIn response, more hormone Y is secreted.

Rise in blood glucose concentration

Hormone Y stimulates the conversion of blood glucose to substance Z which is stored in organ W.

Blood glucose concentration falls to mean.

(a) Name organ X, hormone Y, substance Z and organ W.

Organ X: …………………………….. Hormone Y: ……………………………

Substance Z: ………………………… Organ W: …………………...……… (4)

(b) Suggest two circumstances when the concentration of glucose in the blood might rise. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… (2)

(c) Name two other substances in blood whose concentrations are carefully regulated.

1. …………………………………….. 2…………...………………………. (2)

The diagram shows some of the events in the regulation of blood glucose.

Mean blood glucose concentration (3.3 – 5.9 millimoles per dm3)

Detected by chemoreceptors in organ XIn response, more hormone Y is secreted.

Rise in blood glucose concentration

Hormone Y stimulates the conversion of blood glucose to substance Z which is stored in organ W.

Blood glucose concentration falls to mean.

(a) Name organ X, hormone Y, substance Z and organ W.

Organ X: …………………………….. Hormone Y: ……………………………

Substance Z: ………………………… Organ W: …………………...……… (4)

The brain. Insulin.Glucogen. The

liver.

(b) Suggest two circumstances when the concentration of glucose in the blood might rise. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… (2)

(c) Name two other substances in blood whose concentrations are carefully regulated.

1. …………………………………….. 2…………...………………………. (2)

After a sugar rich meal.In diabetes due to lack of insulin..

Sodium chloride.

Water.

The diagram shows some of the events in the regulation of blood glucose.

Mean blood glucose concentration (3.3 – 5.9 millimoles per dm3)

Detected by chemoreceptors in organ XIn response, more hormone Y is secreted.

Rise in blood glucose concentration

Hormone Y stimulates the conversion of blood glucose to substance Z which is stored in organ W.

Blood glucose concentration falls to mean.

(a) Name organ X, hormone Y, substance Z and organ W.

Organ X: …………………………….. Hormone Y: ………………………

Substance Z: ………………………… Organ W: …………………...……… (4)

Mark scheme

pancreas/islets (of Langerhans); insulin;

glycogen: liver/(skeletal) muscle;

(b) Suggest two circumstances when the concentration of glucose in the blood might rise. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… (2)

(c) Name two other substances in blood whose concentrations are carefully regulated.

1. …………………………………….. 2…………...………………………. (2)

Mark scheme

after eating a meal; during exercise/excitement/panic/fright;

salts; water;

The diagram shows some of the events in the regulation of blood glucose.

Mean blood glucose concentration (3.3 – 5.9 millimoles per dm3)

Detected by chemoreceptors in organ XIn response, more hormone Y is secreted.

Rise in blood glucose concentration

Hormone Y stimulates the conversion of blood glucose to substance Z which is stored in organ W.

Blood glucose concentration falls to mean.

(a) Name organ X, hormone Y, substance Z and organ W.

Organ X: …………………………….. Hormone Y: ……………………………

Substance Z: ………………………… Organ W: …………………...……… (4)

The brain. Insulin.Glucogen. The

liver.

Glucose chemoreceptors are in the pancreas.

‘Glucogen’ is too similar to the hormone ‘glucagon’ to score.

‘Glycogen’ is the answer.

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(b) Suggest two circumstances when the concentration of glucose in the blood might rise. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………… (2)

(c) Name two other substances in blood whose concentrations are carefully regulated.

1. …………………………………….. 2…………...………………………. (2)

After a sugar rich meal.In diabetes due to lack of insulin..

Sodium chloride.

Water.Accepted a correct named salt.

44

GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

Question 5

The diagram shows the position in the body of some endocrine glands.

(a)Define the terms ‘endocrine gland’ and ‘hormone’.

endocrine gland…………….……………………………… ………………………………….……………….……… (2)

hormone: ………….………………………………………… ……………………….………………………………… (2)

(b) Complete the following table.

Gland Name of gland Hormone released

A FSH

B

C

D Ovaries

(c) State three effects of adrenalin on the body. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. (3)

The diagram shows the position in the body of some endocrine glands.

(a)Define the terms ‘endocrine gland’ and ‘hormone’.

endocrine gland…………….……………………………… ………………………………….……………….……… (2)

hormone: ………….………………………………………… ……………………….………………………………… (2)

(b) Complete the following table.

Gland Name of gland Hormone released

A FSH

B

C

D Ovaries

A gland which secretes hormones into the blood.A chemical messenger

carried in the blood.

Pituitary.

Adrenal.Pancreas. Inulin.

Adrenalin.

Oestragen.

(c) State three effects of adrenalin on the body. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. (3)

Constricts the capillaries in the skin to reduce blood flow and heat loss. Increases the depth of breathing but slows the rate of breathing down.

Speeds up the heart rate.

The diagram shows the position in the body of some endocrine glands.

(a) Define the terms ‘endocrine gland’ and ‘hormone’.

endocrine gland…………….……………………………… ………………………………….……………….……… (2)

hormone: ………….………………………………………… ……………………….………………………………… (2)

(b) Complete the following table.

Gland Name of gland Hormone released

A FSH

B

C

D Ovaries

Mark scheme

a ductless gland;secretes hormones into the blood;

a chemical which acts as a messenger; produces an effect in the body distant from its site of production;

pituitary;

pancreas;adrenal;

insulin/glucagon;adrenalin;

oestrogen/progesterone;

(c) State three effects of adrenalin on the body. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. (3)

Mark scheme

constriction of skin arterioles; stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose; causes increase in heart/pulse rate; causes increased blood flow to heart and muscles; reduces blood flow to gut; increases breathing rate; increases blood pressure; max 3

The diagram shows the position in the body of some endocrine glands.

(a) Define the terms ‘endocrine gland’ and ‘hormone’.

endocrine gland…………….……………………………… ………………………………….……………….……… (2)

hormone: ………….………………………………………… ……………………….………………………………… (2)

(b) Complete the following table.

Gland Name of gland Hormone released

A FSH

B

C

D Ovaries

A gland which secretes hormones into the blood.A chemical messenger

carried in the blood.

Pituitary.

Adrenal.Pancreas. Inulin.

Adrenalin.

Oestragen.

+ endocrine glands have no ducts.

+ hormones exert their effects at a place in the body distant from the gland that secreted them.

Spelling. ‘Insulin’ was the answer. ‘Inulin’ is a carbohydrate.

Allowed although spelt wrong – ‘oestrogen’.

710(6)

(c) State three effects of adrenalin on the body. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………. (3)

Constricts the capillaries in the skin to reduce blood flow and heat loss. Increases the depth of breathing but slows the rate of breathing down.

Speeds up the heart rate.

It is the arterioles (small arteries) which are constricted – not the capillaries.It increases both the rate and the depth of breathing.

13

GCSE Biology Exam DoctorNervous and Hormonal

Co-ordination

End of questions