Gabriele Gäbler, Hermann Toplak, René Hefti, Josef Haas ... · The prevalence of certain risk...

Gabriele Gäbler, Hermann Toplak, René Hefti, Josef Haas, Elisabeth Pail

The prevalence of certain risk factors for chronic diseases is high among young people

– E.g. smoking, alcohol abuse, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and lack of physical activity

These lifestyle factors influence one another and are further affected by social and environmental factors

Ramelow D et al. WHO-HBSC-Survey 2010. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG). 2011;

Currie C. HBSC international report from the 2009/2010 survey. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2012

Ludwig Boltzmann Institut. Kinder und Jugend. Gesundheitsbericht Kärnten. Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung; 2006

Hölling H, Schlack R. KiGGS. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. Juni 2007;50(5-6):794–9

Lampert T. KiGGS. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. April 2008;105(15):265–71.

Lampert T et al. KiGGS. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz. Juni 2007;50(5-6):634–42.

Background

Quelle: http://www.herzpraxis-nuernberg.de/pics/keyvisual_risikofaktoren.jpg

Model of causal pathways on health

The main determinants of health

Model of causal pathways to physical health

Associations between religion/spirituality and health behaviour in literatur

– Healthy eating behavioursWallace JM, Forman TA. Health Education & Behavior. 1998;25(6):721–41;

Reid TLB, Smalls C. Western Journal of Black Studies;

Callaghan D. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing. 2006;29(4):191–204 2004;28(1):283

– More physical activity Nagel und Sgoutas-Emch . Journal of Religion and Health. 2007;46(1):141–54.

– Less often smokingBrown TN et al. Prevention Science. 2001;2(1):29–43;

Dunn MS. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education. 2005;49(1):73;

Wallace JM, Forman TA. Health Education & Behavior. 1998;25(6):721–41;

Nonnemaker JM et al. Soc Sci Med. Dezember 2003;57(11):2049–54

– Less often alcohol use and drunkennessNagel und Sgoutas-Emch . Journal of Religion and Health. 2007;46(1):141–54.;

Nonnemaker JM et al. Soc Sci Med. Dezember 2003;57(11):2049–54;

Brown TN et al. Prevention Science. 2001;2(1):29–43;

Marsiglia FF et al. American Journal of Comm

Background

Cross Sectional Study

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

7 schools randomly selected

11th- grade pupilstotal 225

drop out 2,2%

Online Questionnaire

60 items

Health Behaviours39 items

Food FrequencyMain Meals FreqPhysical Activity

Cigarette SmokingAlcohol use

Eating disorder

R/S-Variables*10 items

R/S Dimensions:intellectual

ideologyprivate practice

experiencepublic practice

Others11 Items

height/weightdenomination

Control variable:gender/stress

Methods

* Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS-10), Huber S, Huber OW

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

drop out 2,2%

60 items

Eating disorder

Others11 Items

Methods

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

drop out 2,2%

60 items

Eating disorder

Others11 Items

Methods

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

drop out 2,2%

60 items

Eating disorder

Others11 Items

Methods

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

drop out 2,2%

60 items

Eating disorder

Others11 Items

Methods

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

drop out 2,2%

60 items

Eating disorder

Others11 Items

Methods

Sample

population-based

23 high schoolsin

Carinthia/Austria

representative

drop out 2,2%

60 items

Eating disorder

Others11 Items

Methods

Results - Sample

Gender percentage

n = 220 (♀ = 140; ♂ = 80)

Results - Sample

Gender percentage

average age 16.4 years

range 15[n=1] to 18[n=16]

n = 220 (♀ = 140; ♂ = 80)

Results - Sample

72 %158

10,5 % 23

11 % 24

Roman Catholic

Protestant

Non-Denominational Evangelical

no one

n = 220

Denomination

Results – R/S

Categorical Centrality Groups

by Gender

p= 0,005; ϕ= 0,219

CRS-Score (value 0-40) by Gender

Mean and standard deviation

Results – R/S

by Gender

p= 0,005; ϕ= 0,219

RS-C-Score

RS-intellect.

RS- ideology

RS- private pr.

RS-experience

RS- public pr.

Stress-Score

Positive-Food Freq-Score 0,07 0,072 -0,018 0,09 -0,026 ,144* 0,071

Negative-Food Freq-Score -0,104 -0,032 -0,025 -,161* -0,02 -0,119 -

Total-Food Freq-Score ,141*P 0,078 0,03 ,179** 0,023 ,138* 0,007

Main Meal-Freq Score ,135* ,140* 0,076 0,068 ,135* 0,094 -,140*

Scoff-Score (ED) 0,122 0,009 0,045 ,203** 0,06 0,118 ,177**

Smoking Frequency -0,124g -0,029 -0,085 -0,131 -0,111 -0,077 ,164*

Smoking Cig. Number -,480** -0,13 -,298* -,459** -,403** -,461** 0,085

Drunkenness Freq. -,285** -0,101 -,195** -,296** -,231** -,195** 0,093

Phys Activity Frequency 0,025b 0,031 -0,019 -0,034 0,086 0,052 -,114*

Phys Activity Duration 0,043 0,034 -0,04 0,016 0,071 0,121 -

Results – Correlations

RS (C ) = Religion /Spirituality (Centrality;) ED = Eating disorder** The correlation is significant for p<0.01* The correlation is significant for P<0,05 P Pearson correlation b The correlations is significant in boys (,256*) g The correlations is significant in girls (-,202*)

Spearman Correlations

Except Smoking Cig. Number: n=67

n= 220

RS-C-Score

RS-intellect.

RS- ideology

RS- private pr.

RS-experience

RS- public pr.

Stress-Score

Scoff-Score (ED) 0,122 0,009 0,045 ,203** 0,06 0,118 ,177**

n= 220

RS-C-Score

RS-intellect.

RS- ideology

RS- private pr.

RS-experience

RS- public pr.

Stress-Score

Scoff-Score (ED) 0,122 0,009 0,045 ,203** 0,06 0,118 ,177**

n= 220

RS-C-Score

RS-intellect.

RS- ideology

RS- private pr.

RS-experience

RS- public pr.

Stress-Score

Scoff-Score (ED) 0,122 0,009 0,045 ,203** 0,06 0,118 ,177**

n= 220

RS-C-Score

RS-intellect.

RS- ideology

RS- private pr.

RS-experience

RS- public pr.

Stress-Score

Scoff-Score (ED) 0,122 0,009 0,045 ,203** 0,06 0,118 ,177**

n= 220

Results – Regressions analysis

Binary Logistic Regression – Drunkenness Frequencywith Control- und Correlating Health Behaviour Variables

Health Behaviour Categories Abbreviation

Fruit and vegetable consumption Fruit/Veg.

0 = at least once a day fruit or veg.

1 = neither fruit nor veg. daily

Main meal frequency MMF

0 = at least 2 MM or more daily

1 = less than 2 MM daily

Physical activity activity

0 = at least 3 times a week

1 = less than 3 times a week

Drunkenness frequency drunk

0 = never or only once in life

1 = more than once

Cigarette smoking number daily smoking N

0 = less than 2 C daily

1 = 2 or more C daily

Cigarette smoking frequency smoking F

0 = Non smoker

1 = smoker

Eating disorder (scoff-score) ED

0 = no suspicion of ED

1 = suspicion of ED

1 = more than once

0 = Non smoker

1 = smoker

1 = suspicion of ED

Nagelk. R2 Variables Sig. Odds

Ratio 95% Confi-dence Interval

,382 MMF ,057 2,1 0,98 4,51

Fruit/Veg ,201 1,5 0,79 2,98

RS-C-Score ,008 0,9 0,90 0,98

Activity F ,459 1,3 0,66 2,53

Smoking F ,000 17,3 6,23 48,01

Stress-Score ,941 1,0 ,89 1,10

Gender ,012 2,5 1,23 5,30

More than once drunk

Less than 2 MM daily

Neither fruit norveg. daily

RS-C-Score

Less than 3 times a week

Smoker

17,3**

Gender

Stress-Score

n= 220** The correlation is significant for p<0.01* The correlation is significant for P<0,05

1 = more than once

0 = Non smoker

1 = smoker

1 = suspicion of ED

Discussion – Limitation

Other Health Determinants

Religion andSpirituality

Health Behaviours

Psychosocial Family situation

Sozial Support

School Situation

Peer-Group

Income

Living Condition

Personality TypesPsychological Traits

– This study shows that religion/spirituality is positively associated with several beneficial health behaviours.

– The role of religion/spirituality in health behaviours should not be ignored.

– Further studies are needed to explore the influence of other confounding or mediating variables on this association. This should include socioeconomic status, family dynamics, social influence, peer group and personality types.

– Surveys investigating health behaviours among adolescents should include questions on religion/spirituality.

Conclusion

Sources of pictures

http://das-ist-drin.de/blog/uploads/TricksfuerGemuese_5-am-Tag.jpghttp://us.123rf.com http://www.fls-wiesbaden.de/res/img/cdb4e92b95b7/

1194.meditationzen1.jpg

FF = Food Frequency; MF = Meal Frequency; ED = Eating disorder** The correlation is significant for p<0.01* The correlation is significant for P<0,05 b The correlations is significant in boys ; g The correlations is significant in girls

Positive-FF-Score

Negative-FF-Score

Total-FF-Score

MF-Score

Scoff-Score

Smok-ing F

Smok-ing N Drunk

Negative-FF-Score -,374**

Total-FF-Score ,752** -,810**

MF-Score ,166* 0,069 0,053 b

Scoff-Score (ED) 0,097 b -,274** ,210** -,234**

Smoking Frequency -0,055 0,009 -0,064 -,259** ,141*

Smoking Cig.Number

-0,198 ,284* -,337** -,403** -0,001 ,887**

Drunkenness Frequ.

-0,102 ,158* -,189** -,215** 0,072g ,522** ,576**

Activity Frequency ,242** -0,06 g ,161* ,212** -0,011 -,176** -0,079 -,133*

Activity Duration ,325** -0,038 g ,185** ,170* -0,035 -0,072 -0,12 -0,073g