Post on 23-Jun-2020
1
From SPMD Results to a PCB TMDL in the Bluestone River Watershed
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Why SPMD testing: History of the Watershed and Virginia’s Dilemma
• Discovery of PCBs in fish and sediments in the Bluestone River
• Timeline
• Comparison & Contrast: Old Way versus SPMD Rare Project
• Project Implications for Future and Conclusion: What Did We Learn?
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• Introduction to historical Bluestone River region PCB uses (vector transport issues, multimedia studies, and current VA DEQ PCB TMDL goals)
• Historic Data Summary: Fish and Sediments
• PCB Impairment - VDH Fish Advisory
• Locating PCB Sources
• Public meetings and WTP concerns
• Rare EPA ORD project: recent sampling, 3 rounds of SPMD Stream Sampling, Innovative SPMDs (High Flow Conditions)
• Conclusions and Future Goals
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4
PCB in the Bluestone• DEQ found PCB in the sediment and fish
tissue
– PCB binds tightly to the soil and sediment
– Very little chemical degradation
– Transports readily downstream; held up in riparian buffer zones and reservoirs
– Concentrates (Bioaccumulates) in fish tissue
• Carp highest concentrations
– Not found in water column test
5– Various sediment grab results disagree.
5
DEQ Goals• Ensure that there are no active contributors of PCB to
the watershed
– information and input from the stakeholders: bacteria and benthic TMDL meetings and surveys; and
– Strategic Sampling sediment, fish, and SPMDs.
• Development of a TMDL for PCBs and evaluate for cleanup in the Bluestone – future, NOW!
• Continue to coordinate with WVDEP, WVDHHR, EPA, VDH, and stakeholders, to determine the extent and potential for drinking water contamination from PCBs or Dioxins.
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Timeline• Summer 2000 initial fish and sediment samples;
• Summer 2002 second fish and sediment samples;
• Fall 2003 fish and sediment samples upstream of the WTP;
• Spring 2004 DEQ SPMD and EPA, WVDEP, and DEQ sediment testing in the watershed, to determine the contributions from tributaries and specific sources;
• Results (except for EPA sediment samples dated spring 2004) are located at http://www.deq.state.va.us/watermonitoring/
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VDH Fish Advisory --PCB • Bluestone River at the Route 460 bridge
crossing south of Bluefield downstream to the Virginia/West Virginia state line near the town of Yards in Tazewell County
• Carp caught in these waters should not be consumed. (8/6/01)
• http://www.vdh.state.va.us/HHControl/fis hing_advisories.htm
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Town of Bluefield Water Treatment Plant
• Public Concern
• DEQ Ambient Water Quality - Clean Water Act -State Water Control Law- State Water Quality Improvement Act
• VDH - Potable Water - Safe Drinking Water Act
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DEQ 1993 - 2002 PCBs in Fish and Sediment in the Bluestone River
FISH SEDIMENT
ppb1 (wet weight basis) ppb2 (wet weight basis) Sampling Total Total
Date Station name/location/description Species id PCB2 PCB2
DEQ SCREENIN >>>>>> >>>>>>>>> 54 / 600 22.7 / 180 / 676
08/17/00 Bluestone River near Yards, Va CARP 2369.25 17.23 08/13/02 Bluestone River near Yards, Va CARP-#2 - Rep 1 2485.78 425.18
Fish Tissue: bold font indicates analyte concentration greater than or equal to DEQ's screening value bold italicized font indicates analyte concentration greater than or equal to VDH level of concern
ppb1 ppb denotes parts per billion (aka - ug PCB /kg Fish or ng PCB /g Fish); wet weight basis, edible fillet
ppb2 ppb denotes parts per billion (aka - ug PCB /kg Sediment or ng PCB /g Sediment) dry weight basis
CEDS VaDEQ Results leading to PCB SPMD study. Seds don’t agree with each other from year to year, sample types were organicky fines between cobbles from same stream area by same sampler. Range of PCBs in fish results did not change much.
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EPA EnviroMapper 2003
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Proposed Project
• VA PCB Source Assessment (TMDL Loading) Sample existing or similar 9 SPMD sites in VA during low flow conditions, Winter 2004-05.
• Coordinate WV and VA PCB and dioxin source assessment, with WV DEP and EPA to sample six to nine SPMD sites in WV during low flow conditions and 11 SPMD sites in VA.
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19
19
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2004 National Listing of Fish Advisories Fact Sheet (September 2005)
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish/advisories/fs2004.html#figure1
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Westside Sewage Treatment Plant, Bluefield, VA serves Sanitary Board of Bluefield (WV and VA).
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SPMD Retrieval
22
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Securing the SPMD cages to the bank so that they would not wash away or up onto the bank. (Sampling air is not the same as sampling water).
23
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Some cages required tying to both banks or using rebar to secure them in the substrate.
24
25
25
26
26
A1016
A1221
A1232
A1242
A1248
A1254
A1260
A1262
A1268
DOMESTIC PRODUCTION BY YEAR
thousa
nds
of pounds
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
-1000
4000
9000
14000
19000
24000
29000
34000
39000
44000
49000
Y1957 Y1958 Y1959 Y1960 Y1961 Y1962 Y1963 Y1964 Y1965 Y1966 Y1967 Y1968 Y1969 Y1970 Y1971 Y1972 Y1973 Y1974
PRODUCTION IN THOUSANDS OF POUNDS
AROCLOR 1248 AFR
1 3
4
56
7
8
9 13
15
1617
18
1920
22
2425
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
3435
37
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
4748
49
51
52
53
55
56
57
59
60
63
64
66
67
70
71
72
74
7576
77
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
8889
90
91
92
9394
95
96
97
99
101
102103
105
107
110
114115117
118
119122123124125126128129130
132135136137
138
141 146
149
151153
156157158
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160
AROCLOR 1254 AFR
404142
44
45 474849
52
53
56
59
60
6364
66
67
70
71
74
7677
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
8990
9192
94
95
96
97
99
101
102
105
107
110
113
114115117
118
119 122123124
125126
128
129130
131
132
134135136137
138
139
141
144
146
147
149
151
153
154
156
157
158163
164166
167 170171172174176177179
180
183
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
AROCLOR 1254 GFR
041
42
44
45 4748
49
52
53
56
5960
63
64
66
70
71
74
7677
82
83
84
85
86
87
8990
91
92
94
95
96
97
99
101
102103
105
107
110
114115117
118
119 122123124
125126
128
129130
131
132
133
134
135136
137
138
139
141
144
146
147
149
151
153
154
156
157
158163
164
166167
170
171172
174
176177
178179
180
183
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
AROCLOR 1260 FRM
5
87
9192
95
97 99
101
105107
110
118
124
128
129130131
132
133134
135
136
137
138
141
144
146
149
151
153
156
157
158
163
164
167
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
183
185
187
189
190
191
193
194
195196
197198
199
200201202
203
205
206
207208209
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210
AROCLOR 1242 FRM
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
9
101213
15
1617
18
1920
21
22
2324
25
26
27
28
29
31
32
33
3435
37
4041
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
5455
56
57
59
60
63
64
66
67
70
71
7273
74
7576
77
81
8283
8485
86
87
8889
91929394
95
96
9799
101
102
105
107
110
114115117
118
122123124125128 132 138141 149 153156158 163
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
AROCLOR 1242 GFR
1 4 6
8
15
16
17
18
1920
22
23252627
28
29
31
32
33
34
37 4041
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
51
52
53
5455
56
57
59
60
63
64
66
67
70
71
72
74
7576
77
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
888990
91
92
9394
95
96
97
99101
102103
105
107
110
114115117
118
119122123124125126128130
132134135136137
138
141144146
149
151
153
156157158 163164167170 174177179180
183
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
Domestic Production Congeners 1957 to 1975, relative wt.%
Ballschmiter 1992
1
4
6
8
15
18
20
22
26
28
31
33
37
40
42
44
45
47
49
52
56
60
64
66
70
74
77
82
85
87
91
95
97
99
101
105
110118
128
132
138
141
149
151
153
156163 170 174
180
183
187
194 199 203
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210
AROCHLOR 1016 FRM
1
23
4
5
6
7
8
9
1012
13
15
1617
18
1920
21
22
2324
25
26
27
28
2930
31
32
33
3435
37
4041
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54 5657
59
60 63
64
66
67 69
70
71
7273
7475 84 91
9596 99
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
0
5
0
5
05
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
05
0
2
4
6
8
0
2
4
6
8
05
00
05
0
5
0
5
05
00
05
27
9-BFK000.02
pg/L
6
18
19
22
25
26
28
31
4041
42
43
44
45 46
47
48
49
51
52
53
63
64
66
67
70
74
77787981 82 83 84
85
87
909192
95
9799101 105
107
110
114
118
119 126127128129130134136137
138
141146
149 151
153
156157158 169172174
176178179 180
183187 194199
201 207
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
50 55
60 65
70 75
80 85
90 95
100 105
110 115
120 125
130 135
140 145
150 155
160 165
170 175
180 185
190 195
200 205
210
9-BST028.90
pg/L
6 18 19
22
25
26
28
31 40 4142
43
44 45 46
47
484951 52 53
6364
66
67 70
74 77787981
82 838485
87
9091
92
95
97 99
101
105
107
110
114
118
119 126 127 128 129130134136137
138
141146
149
151
153
156157158 169
172
174
176178
179
180
183
187 194
199
201 207
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
50 55
60 65
70 75
80 85
90 95
100 105
110 115
120 125
130 135
140 145
150 155
160 165
170 175
180 185
190 195
200 205
210
VA0025054-001
pg/L
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
50 55
60 65
70 75
80 85
90 95
100 105
110 115
120 125
130 135
140 145
150 155
160 165
170 175
180 185
190 195
200 205
210
9-BPB000.02
pg/L
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
50 55
60 65
70 75
80 85
90 95
100 105
110 115
120 125
130 135
140 145
150 155
160 165
170 175
180 185
190 195
200 205
210
9-BST021.26
pg/L
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
50 55
60 65
70 75
80 85
90 95
100 105
110 115
120 125
130 135
140 145
150 155
160 165
170 175
180 185
190 195
200 205
210
9-WVC000.05
pg/L
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 45
50 55
60 65
70 75
80 85
90 95
100 105
110 115
120 125
130 135
140 145
150 155
160 165
170 175
180 185
190 195
200 205
210
6
18
19
22
25
26
28
31
4041
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
5152
53
63
64
66
67
70
74
77787981
82
83
84
85879091
92
95
97
99
101 105
107
110
114
118
119 126
127
128129 130134
136
137138141146
149
151
153
156157 158
169172174176178 179180
183
187 194199201 207
6
18 19
22
25
26
28
31 40
41
42
43
44
45
46
4748
49
51
52
53
63
64
66
67
70 74
77787981
82
83
84
85
87
90
9192
95
97 99 101
105
107
110
114
118
119 126127128129130134
136 137
138
141146
149
151
153
156157158 169172 174
176178 179 180
183 187 194199
201 207
6
18
19
22
25
26
28
31
40
41
42
43
44
4546
4748
49
51
52
53
63
64
66
67
70
74
77787981
82
83
84
85
87
90
9192
95
97 99
101
105
107
110
114
118
119 126
127
128
129130134
136
137
138
141146
149
151
153
156157
158
169
172
174
176 178
179
180
183
187
194 199
201 207
6
1819
22
25
26
28
31
4041
42
43 44
4546
47
48
49
51
52 53
63
64
66
67
70
74
77787981 82 83
84
85
87
90
9192
95
9799
101
105 107
110
114
118
119 126127 128 129130134
136
137
138
141 146
149
151
153
156157
158
169
172
174
176
178
179
180
183
187
194 199
201 207
27
28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
USEPA ORDRARE Program
Ron Landy
Project Manage & ORD Liaison
Joe Schubauer Ber gan
USEPA ORD QAManager
Scot Jacobs
WVDEPSee Org. Char
Append x A
USGS CERCSee Org Char
Appendix A EPA Region Pete Go d
Jenni er SincockChery Adk ns
Project QAOf cer
Janice Sm hson
S a ew de TMDLMgr
David Mon al
Wa ershed Branch,Assistan D rector
Pa Campbe
Project MgrJim Laine
S atew de Wa ershedAssessmen Mgr
John W r s
Field TeamCoordina orMike A cu
Project QAOf ce
Paul He ne
Project MgrRober Ga e
Sect on LeaderJames Huck ns
VaDEQSee Org. Char
Appendix A
Centra O ce
SouthwesRegional O ce
Direc orM ke Overst eet
S atew de TMDLJut a Schneider
Project QAOf ce s
Roger Stewar & Ga y Du
Projec MgrsCraig Lo
& Nancy Nor on
F eld TeamCoordina orFred Kau sh
USEPA ORDRARE Program
Ron Landy
Project Manage & ORD Liaison
Joe Schubauer Ber gan
USEPA ORD QAManager
Scot Jacobs
WVDEPSee Org. Char
Append x A
USGS CERCSee Org Char
Appendix A EPA Region Pete Go d
Jenni er SincockChery Adk ns
Project QAOf cer
Janice Sm hson
S a ew de TMDLMgr
David Mon al
Wa ershed Branch,Assistan D rector
Pa Campbe
Project MgrJim Laine
S atew de Wa ershedAssessmen Mgr
John W r s
Field TeamCoordina orMike A cu
Project QAOf ce
Paul He ne
Project MgrRober Ga e
Sect on LeaderJames Huck ns
VaDEQSee Org. Char
Appendix A
Centra O ce
SouthwesRegional O ce
Direc orM ke Overst eet
S atew de TMDLJut a Schneider
Project QAOf ce s
Roger Stewar & Ga y Du
Projec MgrsCraig Lo
& Nancy Nor on
F eld TeamCoordina orFred Kau sh
VaDEQSee Org. Char
Appendix A
Centra O ce
SouthwesRegional O ce
Direc orM ke Overst eet
S atew de TMDLJut a Schneider
Project QAOf ce s
Roger Stewar & Ga y Du
Projec MgrsCraig Lo
& Nancy Nor on
F eld TeamCoordina orFred Kau sh
-
r
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-t
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fi it
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t i
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.
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t ffi
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.
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.
USEPA ORD RARE Program
Ron Landy
Project Manage & ORD Liaison
Joe Schubauer Ber gan
USEPA ORD QA Manager
Scot Jacobs
WVDEP See Org. Char
Append x A
USGS CERC See Org Char
Appendix A EPA Region Pete Go d
Jenni er Sincock Chery Adk ns
Project QA Of cer
Janice Sm hson
S a ew de TMDL Mgr
David Mon al
Wa ershed Branch, Assistan D rector
Pa Campbe
Project Mgr Jim Laine
S atew de Wa ershed Assessmen Mgr
John W r s
Field Team Coordina or Mike A cu
Project QA Of ce
Paul He ne
Project Mgr Rober Ga e
Sect on Leader James Huck ns
VaDEQ See Org. Char
Appendix A
Centra O ce
Southwes Regional O ce
Direc or M ke Overst eet
S atew de TMDL Jut a Schneider
Project QA Of ce s
Roger Stewar & Ga y Du
Projec Mgrs Craig Lo
& Nancy Nor on
F eld Team Coordina or Fred Kau sh
t i tt .i t
tr ri
fi ri
.t l
ii
t
l ffi
tffi
ti r
t it fi r
tr
t .tt
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t it fi r
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itri
40
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Biofouling which occurred in winter below one of the drinking water intakes in the watershed.
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November retrieval of duplicate SPMD samples at Abbs Valley River below Pocahontas drinking water treatment plant during RARE project with WVDEP, USGS, and USEPA.
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Same day retreiveal of SPMD from Westside Sewage Treatment Plant chlorine contact tank just before dechlorination.
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Photo showing deployment of an SPMD cage in old stream channel in an unnamed tributary to Beaver Pond Creek along College Ave.
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0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
Loading mg/hour
BRNBFC
NHCNHC
NHBSTP
BPC
Round 3
Site ID
DRAFT PCB Estimated Loading Round 3 Bluestone
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Conclusions: QC QC QC multiple PRCs agreed, remarkably in extremely low flow conditions, sampling rates were
achievable, and in our non-photosensitive targets, independent of some light and air exposure. More Robust than expected.
Very good “loading additivity.” Great agreement when combined with appropriate sampling plan, QAPP, and accurate flow monitoring.
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If a grab sample is a snapshot, what is a passive sample?
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Acknowledgements
• VaDEQ, Coworkers & management
• WVDEP
• WVDHHR
• EPA ORD
• EPA Clu-In
• USGS CERC
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Contact info
• Craig Lott 276-676-4821
rclott@deq.virginia.gov
Southwest Regional office of DEQ, Abingdon, VA
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