Post on 14-Oct-2020
From regional to international databases:
EUFF, the European Flood Fatalities Database
Olga PetrucciCNR-IRPI Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
SUMMARY
Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy
Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)
Impact of DHE on people
The Calabrian database The Italian databaseMediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’
Our databases
Future research
SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS CAUSING DAMAGE
DAMAGING HYDROGEOLOGICAL EVENTS DHE
LIGHTNING WINDSTORM SURGE
THE STUDY REGION: CALABRIAArea: 15,230 km2
Altitude: mean 418, max 2266 mPopulation density: 133 inh/km2
Mean annual rainfall: 1151 mmMunicipalities: 402
• 90% of the territory is in relief (landslides)
• The river network is made of torrents (flash floods)
• Rainstorm affect Calabria frequently, causing damaging hydrogeological events
1.limestone and dolostone2.metamorphic and igneous rocks3.clays, marls and evaporitic rocks4.sandstones, marly clays and limstone marls5.flysch and clayey formations6.conglomerates, sands and sandstones7.alluvial deposits
RESEARCH ON DHE: THE EXAMPLE OF CALABRIA (ITALY)
2005 Data management 2009 Historical Archive2000 Data gathering
DATABASE CREATION
RESEARCH ON DHE: CALABRIA DATABASESStudy area: Calabria (CAL)Language: ItalianAvailable: on request
1.ASICal 1900-2000 100 Landslides, floods, wind, sea storms, lightning
People, roads, railways, buildings,
lifelines, agriculture, industries, productive
activities
2.NewASICal 1800-2018 218
3.Slide-CAL 1921-2010 89 Landslides
4.Seastorm-CAL 1900-2018 118 Sea storms
5.Bridge-CAL 1900-2016 116 Floods, landslides Bridges
DATABASE PERIOD #Y DAMAGING PHENOMENA DAMAGED ELEMENTS
DAMAGE TO PEOPLE: OUR DATABASES
MEFF: the database of MEditerranean Flood Fatalities – J. Flood Risk Manag.
Gender, age and circumstances of flood and landslide fatalities in Italy - STOTEN
Flood Fatalities in Europe, 1980–2018: Variability, Features, and Lessons… Water
The Vulnerability of People to Damaging Hydrogeological Events in Calabria (Italy) – Int. Jour. of envir. Res. & public health
2018 NATIONAL Italy
302 072,84 km²
2017 REGIONAL Calabria
15,080 km2
2019 MEDITERRANEANS. France, Greece, Calabria,
Catalonia, Balearic I. 237,461 km²
2019 EUROPEANS. France, Greece, Italy, Catalonia, Balearic
I., Czech Rep., Israel, Portugal, Turkey1,500,280 km²
Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy
Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)
Impact of DHE on people
The Calabrian database
Our databases
Future research
European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’
The Italian database
Mediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’
SUMMARY
STRUCTURE OF THE REGIONAL DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’
STUDY PERIOD: 1980-2016NUMBER OF YEARS: 36 Y SOURCES: newspapersNUMBER OF RECORD: 7,288AVAILABLE: mendeley.com
2. EVENT IDENTIFICATION
YearMonthDayHourMunicipalityLatitudeLongitude
3. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
NameSurnameAgeGender
1. EVENT DESCRIPTION
Narrative of the event
The first database wasrealized at REGIONAL scale, onCalabria, and named PEOPLE
4.PHENOMENA
RIVER/WATER
MASS MOVEMENTS
OTHERS
STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’
FloodFlash floodUrban floodLandslideDebris flowRock fallLightningWindStorm surgeHail
STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’
INVOLVEDPeople facing the accident, not killed/hurt•People having hazardous behaviours•People having the ability to save themselves
INJURED People hurt
FATALITIES People killed
5. DAMAGE
STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’
INDO
OR Building
BungalowHotel
OU
TDO
OR
RoadBridgeRiver bed/sideCampsiteTunnelRecreation areaCountrysideFord
7. CONDITION6. PLACE
Laying
Standing
By car
By Van
By Tractor
By Truck
By Bus
By Bicycle
By Boat
STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE ‘PEOPLE’
8. ACTIVITY
9. DYNAMIC
Sleeping
Traveling
Working
Fishing
Recreational activities
Surrounded by water
Blocked in flooded room
Fallen into a river
In a road/bridge collapse
In a building collapse
Dragged by water/mud
Hit by object hurled by wind
Hit by lightening
Swept away by sea waves
THE DATABASE PEOPLE: RESULTS
TOT.
Fatalities 68 Injured 566 Involved 6654
TOT people affected 1980-2016 (36 Y): 7288
In Calabria, • FLOODS killed and INVOLVED more people than landslides• LANDSLIDES cause more injuries than floods• FATALITIES and INJURED mainly occurred along roads• People INVOLVED are frequently inside buildings
AVERAGE AGE (y)
46.5 42.2 64.1
36,7 38 34.4
36.8 34.6 45,4
THE DATABASE PEOPLE: RESULTS
Averageper year
Fatalities 2
Injured 15
Involved 180
• MALES are more vulnerable than females• Fatalities (male+female) are older than survivors: younger people are more
able to save themselves
• On the average, 2 people/year is killed during DHE
% %
• Females were older than males, both as fatalities and involved people
THE DATABASE PEOPLE: RESULTS
FLOOD
1. Fording rivers 2 - 232. Staying on river banks 2 - -3. Trying to save vehicles - - 34. Enter in a flooded underpass - - 121
LANDSLIDE 5. Refuse evacuation - - 10
STORMSURGE8.Check damage during the event 1 - 19. Trying to save belongings 1 - 5
WINDSTORM 6. Refuse warnings - 1 2
FAT INJ INV
TOTAL 9 3 169
LIGHTNING 7. Under a tree during lightning 3 2 4
HAZARDOUS BEHAVIOURSMOST DANGEROUS
MOST FREQUENT but in the study period did not cause damage
Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy
Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)
Impact of DHE on people
The Calabrian database
Our databases
Future research
European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’
The Italian database
Mediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’
SUMMARY
STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL DATABASE ‘ITALY’
PERIOD: 1965-2015N. OF FATALITIES: 7,288 FORMAT: ExcelAVAILABLE: http://osf.io/Kamgc
2. EVENT IDENTIFICATION
3. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
1. EVENT DESCRIPTIONThe second database was realized atNATIONAL scale, on Italy.
4. PHENOMENA
6. PLACE
7. CONDITION
8. ACTIVITY
9. DYNAMIC
LANDSLIDES & FLOODS
5. DAMAGE FATALITIES
While in PEOPLE we analysed all the damaging phenomena,here we focused on landslides and floods.
While in PEOPLE we analysed fatalities, injured and involvedpeople, here we only analysed Fatalities.
The structure is similar to PEOPLE
In Italy, LANDSLIDES killed more people than floods
350221200
592473227
THE NATIONAL DATABASE ‘ITALY’: RESULTS
771 1292
Males are more vulnerable than females, in case of either flood or landslide
Flood Landslide
? ?
FLOODS KILLED OUTDOOR LANDSLIDES KILLED INDOOR
THE NATIONAL DATABASE ‘ITALY’: RESULTS
≈ >> >
>> >
Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy
Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)
Impact of DHE on people
The Calabrian database
Our databases
Future research
European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’
The Italian database
Mediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’
SUMMARY
STRUCTURE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DATABASE ‘MEFF’
AREA: South France, Catalonia, Balearic I., Calabria, Greece
PERIOD: 1980-2015 (36Y) N. OF FATALITIES: 458
The third database was realized at MEDITERRANEAN scale, in the framework of FLOODHYMEX project
This database only concerns FLOOD FATALITIES.
2. EVENT IDENTIFICATION
3. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
1. EVENT DESCRIPTION
4. PHENOMENA
6. PLACE
7. CONDITION
8. ACTIVITY
9. DYNAMIC
FLOODS
5. DAMAGE FATALITIES
MEFF DATABASE: RESULTS
458 FLOOD FATALITIES in 36 years
FAT % (FAT/INH) X 10000
(FAT/AREA)X 100
S. FRANCE 233 50.9 0.22 0.43CATALONIA 96 21 0.13 0.30BALEARIC I. 7 1.5 0.63 0.16CALABRIA 26 5.7 0.13 0.17GREECE 96 21 0.87 0.07
Highest ratio FATALITIES/INHABITANTS: Greece
Highest number of FATALITIES and FATALITIES/AREA: South France
MEFF DATABASE: TREND
Max per year
Yearly average Trend
S. FRANCE 56 6.85
GREECE 15 2.82
Average N. of fatalities/year: 13
The total trend is increasing, with differences in thestudy areas
BALEARIC I. 3 0.21
CALABRIA 13 0.76
CATALONIA 16 2.82
MEFF DATABASE: SEASONALITY
•FATALITIES occurred in each month • In Catalonia and Balearic I., during the study period, no fatalities in December
According to Mediterranean climate, 71% of fatalities occurred between
SEPTEMBER and NOVEMBER
29%
23%
20%
MEFF DATABASE: AGE & GENDER
Min: 2 y Av: 48 yMax: 88 y
AGE
Min: 1 y Av: 53 yMax: 94 y
As literature highlights in developed countries, MALES fatalities are more numerous than FEMALES fatalities
In MEFF, MALES fatalities are younger than FEMALES fatalities
AGE
≈ >> >
MEFF DATABASE: RESULTS
PLACE CONDITION
According to international literature, the majority of fatalities were on the road by car
MEFF DATABASE: RESULTSACTIVITY DYNAMIC
The majority of fatalities were traveling and were dragged by water/mud
Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy
Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)
Impact of DHE on people
The Calabrian database
Our databases
Future research
European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’
The Italian database
Mediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’
SUMMARY
STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN DATABASE ‘EUFF’
AREAS: Italy, Greece, South France, Catalonia, Balearic I.Czech Republic, Israel, Turkey, PortugalPERIOD: 1980-2018
EUFF database was realized starting from MEFF and including further study areas
2. EVENT IDENTIFICATION
3. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION
1. EVENT DESCRIPTION
4. PHENOMENA
6. PLACE
7. CONDITION
8. ACTIVITY
9. DYNAMIC
FLOODS
5. DAMAGE FATALITIES
N. OF FATALITIES: 2466 (65/year)AVAILABILITY: data.4tu.nl/repository/
EUFF: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREAS
Turkey is the largest and most populated study area, followed by Italy.
Average age of population, and ratio males/females are similar in all the areas.The highest population density concerns to Israel.
EUFF DATABASE: SEASONALITY
• In TOT-AREA, Floods (line) and fatalities(bars) occurred in each month
• Mediterranean regions (Italy, Greece,Catalonia, South France and BalearicI.) show max number of FF betweenSEPTEMBER and NOVEMBER
• Czech Rep. and Turkey showmaximum values in May-August
• Portugal and Israel show patterndifferent from all the other areas
EUFF DATABASE: AGE & GENDER
AGE
Again, MALES fatalities are more numerous than FEMALES fatalities
AGE
Min: 1 y Av: 45.2 yMax: 95 y
Min: 1 y Av: 44 yMax: 95 y
≈ >> >In MEFF the situation was similar, only the first limit was different, 25 years instead of 29.
EUFF: FLOOD FATALITIES PER EVENT
The average number of fatalities per event (black line), representingthe severity of the event in terms of impact on people, is higher inTurkey, and secondly in Balearic Islands
EUFF: RESULTS•RESIDENCY: 53% of Flood Fatalities (FF) were residents in the area of the accident.•DISABILITY: 2.2% of FF were affected by some kind of physical disability.•PLACE: FF occurred frequently outdoor (33%), on the roads (16%).•CONDITION. By motor vehicle was the most frequent condition (20% ).•ACTIVITY. Traveling was the most frequent activity (18%), followed by working (males) and doing recreational activities (females).•DYNAMIC. Dragged by water/mud was the most frequent (50%) for under 85 years. FF over-85 were more commonly blocked in a flooded room.•PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS were detected in 5.3%: try to get out of car (2.5%) and moving to safer place (1.8%) were the most frequent. Females (30–49 years old) behave in this way more than males.•HAZARDOUS BEHAVIORS were detected in 10.6% of victims, mainly Males (30-49 years old). The most common was fording rivers (3.9%), detected in both males and females
EUFF: THE FLOOD IMPACT INDEX (FII)FLOOD IMPACT INDEX: compares the N° of FF among the SA. It is anormalization of the N° of FF to the surface and population of the SA.
FFI =N° of Flood Fatalities
× 100,000 x N° of Flood FatalitiesX 1000
Inhabitants Area × 1000
A: FLOOD MORTALITY OF THE STUDY AREA B: SPATIAL DENSITY OF FF IN THE STUDY AREA
FF/YEAR
CZECH REPUBLIC
ISRAEL
PORTUGAL
TURKEY
FF/YEAR
S. FRANCE
GREECE
BALEARIC I.
CALABRIA
CATALONIA
39% 61%
EUFF
40% 60%
AVG Age 53 48 AVG Age 45,2 44
MEFF
EUFF IS ON THE WEB
• EUFF is available on 4TU• 4TU (The Netherlands) is
an on-line archive for long-term access of research datasets from science, engineering and technology.
• 4TU was created in 2010 and used from researchers around the world to deposit and share their data.
Olga Petrucci CNR-IRPI Cosenza, Italy
Research on Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHE)
Impact of DHE on people
The Calabrian database
Our databases
Future research
European Flood Fatalities database ‘EUFF’
The Italian database
Mediterranean Flood Fatalities database ‘MEFF’
SUMMARY
EUFF DATABASE WEB-GIS (IN PROGRESS)
•Currently the project has NO FUNDS: the work has been carried out on a voluntary basis
•Our challenger is to extend EUFF to other countries, by creating a web-GIS where researchers can share their data.
• In 2 years (2018-2019) we involved 8 countries in data collection
CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA TO BE INCLUDED IN EUFF DATABASE
Taking into account these limitation, to be included in EUFF:
1. Data must be homogeneous to the other included in EUFF2. Data must concern flood fatalities occurred in a FIXED
REGION/NATION in a FIXED PERIOD longer than 10 years and included between 1980 and 2018
3. Data source must be clearly stated4. The data source must be SISTEMATICALLY analyzed for the entire
study period (for example: all the editions of a newspaper) 5. Fatalities must be georeferenced6. If LAT/LON of the accident are not exactly known, LAT/LON of the
municipality where the accident occurred are required
EUFF DATABASE DATA ENTRY
EVENT VICTIM VICTIM-EVENT INTERACTION
Country---------------------Region------------Municipality---------------------Prefecture----------------------Latitude---------------------Longitude------------------Date-------------------
Age----------------Gender-----------------Residency------------------Condition ------------------Activity -------------------
Place--------------------------Accident dynamic-------------------------Protective behaviour---------------------------Hazardous behaviour----------------------------Cause of death---------------------------
To participate to EUFF, Researchers can send an email toolga.petrucci@irpi.cnr.itStating:STUDY AREASTUDY PERIODDATA SOURCEThe participants will be co-authors of both future papers and new on-line databases.
In this direction, our research is finalized to learn from past to reducehuman toll of floods in Europe and elsewhere by: Providing recommendations to be included in civil protection plans
on how to behave when facing a flood Supplying simple notions to increase awareness of flood risks in
students of all ages Inspire customised educational strategies for citizens of all ages, to
improve self protective behaviours
CONCLUDING REMARKSEU Parliament recognized the importance of historical data
The Directive 2007/60/EC imposed to member states, to:“prepare a description of the floods which have occurred in the past and which
had significant adverse impacts on human health […]”
Thank you for your attention
olga.petrucci@irpi.cnr.it