Post on 17-Mar-2019
•Minimum level 1979
•Minimum level 2003
The Arctic in the Greenhouse
Sources:Simulations from GFDL R30 coupled-climate model at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Quotes from indigenous people (cited in graphic) and Nellemann, 2003 GRID-Arendal Polar Environment Times.
80 % of global energy production is based on fossil fuelGlobal energy demand is increasingSecuring standard of living will require increasing energy demandCO2 emissions must be reduced by 50-80 % by 2050
Energy Demand
Large volume of energy is required to produce:Si for solar cellsAl and cast iron for windmillsFertilizers for biomass hydrogen
DecarbonisedFossil energy
Renewable energy
Time
Energy
year 0
Sustainable Energy Path
How to combat climate change• Energi
effektivisering• Fornybar sol vind,
bølge og strøm• Biomasse• Atom• CO2 håndtering
av fossilt materiale
CO2 Capture and Storage
North Sea:
500 bill. tonCO2 storage capacity
Huge potential for EnhancedOil RecoveryReservoir
OilGas
Acquifer
Seabed
CO2
CO2
Bellona at NHO’s annual conference January 1999: “Build 20 gas power plants with CO2 capture
and start producing solar cells”
Norwegian CO2 challenges & opportunities
HaltenMongstad
Kårstø
3 large CO2 capture projects in development.
Vision statement:To enable European fossil fuel power plants to have
Zero Emission of CO2 by 2020 !and
Capture 30 Giga tons CO2 before 2050
European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants (ZEP)
Potensial for CO2 fangst ved full implementering av CCS
** CO2 utslipp ihht IEA Alternativt Scenario
Potensial for akkumulert CO2 fangst i EU innen 2050 *:
30 milliarder tonnReduksjon i CO2utslipp:
56 %
**
* 15 milliarder tonn fra kraftproduksjon og 15 milliarder tonn fra industri, transport og andre kilder
* CO2 utslipp ihht IEA Alternativt Scenario
Globalt potensial for akkumulert CO2fangst innen 2050:
240 mrd tonn
Global reduksjon i CO2 utslipp:
37 %
*
Potensial for CO2 fangst ved full implementering av CCS
Europe with CCS Infrastructure
CO2 source
CO2 storage location
Pipeline CO2 transport
Ship CO2 transport
Vattenfall
Sargas
Elsam BP
Just Catch
CO2 capture plant
North Dakota
CO2 håndtering - Fra visjon til virkelighet
Technologies where CCS is relevantCO2 capture from power production, natural gas, coal, petrochemical plants, cement production, iron production
Production of H2 for power production and transport
Deep coal reservoirs that are unmineable today
Low pressure gas
Source with to high CO2 content for fiscal sale
Biomass
Why coal combined with CCS:High CO2 content in flue gas from coal power plantsCoal gasification for H2productionCO2 injection in deep mines to produce methaneCo-firing with 20 - 90 % biomass
Fig: Bio/Coal power plant
Coal and CO2 capture
CO2 capture and H2 productionH2 can be produced from steam reforming of low pressure gas:
Stranded gasGasification of coalInjection of CO2 to produce low pressure gasfrom deep coal minesBiogas
CO2 from H2 production can be captured and stored
Bio energy and CO2 captureBio energy is CO2 neutralCoal power plants can be fired with a mix of coal and biomassPower plants fired biomassBiomass can be used for production of methane or hydrogenCO2 capture and storage from biomass will give net reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere
Coal Fires and CO2Emissions
100-200 million ton coal lost annually due to coal fires in China
2-3 % of global CO2 emissions
Source: ITC
Source: ITC
High temperature fuel cells based on hydrogen or methane is the most effective power production
Will also be used in maritime sector
Low temperature fuel cells for onshore transport. More than twice the efficiency of traditional engines
Fuel cells based on biomass, stranded gas and gas from coal
Technologies where CCS is relevant
Fellowship – 50% cut of CO2 and 95% cut of Nox
•Energy efficiency•Fuel quality and engine technologies•CO2 and expected legal frameworks for maritime transport•NOx and technologies for emission reductions•SOx and low sulphur fuels vs exhaust treatment•Recirculation and ship scrapping•LCA for maritime transport•Emissions of particles•Ballast water• Anti fouling•Specifications and standards for suppliers•National, EU and global environmental policies•Activities in ports (waste management, electricity)•Environmental reporting
Challenges in the maritime sector
Planned gas power plants
6 initiale EOR fields (Gassco’ value chains)
CO2 removed from the natural gas
Draugen
Brage
Gullfaks
Oseberg Ø
Volve
Gyda
16 potential EOR fields for second phase
Should we take the cost of the greenhouse effector
change the framework to make carbon reduction projects happen?
Climate change is a result of burning to much coal, oil and gas....
We need to give CO2 a decent burial