Post on 04-Apr-2018
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ENG 102
Fragments, Run – ons
Ramage Chapter 3
1 PM
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Epic Rap Battles of History
How is this clip an example of a classical
argument?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3w2MTXBebg
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Fragments
A sentence is a group of words that has three elements:
Subject
Verb
And a Complete thought
A fragment seems to be a complete sentence but itlacks either a
Subject
Verb
Or a complete thought.
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Fragments
What are the two basic ways to correct sentence
fragments?
Add what is missing (subject, verb, or both)
Attach fragment to sentence before or after it
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Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible
fragments?
A word group that begins with a(n)
Preposition
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Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with a preposition
I pounded as hard as I could. Against the door.
*correct by joining*
I pounded as hard as I could against the door.
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Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible
fragments?
A word group that begins with a(n)
Preposition
Dependent word
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Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with a dependent word
Since I moved. I have eaten out every day.
Common Dependent words: after, although, as/as if/ asthough, because, before, how, once, since, that, unless,
while, until, etc.
*Correct by joining*
Since moving, I have eaten out every day.
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Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible
fragments?
A word group that begins with a(n)
Preposition
Dependent word
“-ing” verb form
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Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with an “-ing” form verb
I ran as fast as I could. Hoping to get there on time.
*Correct by joining*I was running as fast as I could, hoping to get there
on time.
*correct by adding missing elements*I was running as fast as I could. I was still hoping to
get there on time.
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Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible
fragments?
A word group that begins with a(n)
Preposition
Dependent word
“-ing” verb form
“to” and a verb
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Spotting FragmentsA word group that begins with “to” and a verb
Cheri got underneath the car. To change the oil.
*correct by joining*Cheri got underneath the car to change the oil.
To change the oil, Cheri got underneath the car.
*correct by adding elements*Cheri got underneath the car. She needed to change
the oil.
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Spotting Fragments
What are the five trouble spots that signal possible
fragments?
A word group that begins with a(n)
Preposition
Dependent word
“-ing” verb form
“to” and a verb
an example or explanation
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Spotting Fragments
Word groups that are examples or explanations
Freecycle.com recycles usable items. Such as clothing.
*correct by joining*
Freecycle.com recycles usable items such as clothing.
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Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments
1. There are older and more valuable manuscripts.
Than the Voynich.
There are older and more valuable manuscripts than
the Voynich.
2. However, there is none more mysterious. The
Voynich still puzzling scholars many years after its
discovery.However, there is none more mysterious. The Voynich
is still puzzling scholars many years after its
discovery.
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Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments
3. This manuscript was written in a code. So far
unable to solve it.
This manuscript was written in a code. So far no one
has been able to solve it.
4. Because the origins of the manuscript are unclear;
the puzzle is doubly difficult.
Because the origins of the manuscript are unclear, thepuzzle is doubly difficult.
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Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments
5. No one knows. What country it came from.
No one knows what country it came from.
6. Therefore, it very hard to determine the language
the code represents. This makes decoding it even
more troublesome.
Therefore, it is very hard to determine the language
the code represents. This makes decoding it evenmore troublesome.
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Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments
7. Handwriting specialists can only guess at its age. It
may date back to the Middle Ages.
correct
8. The writing does not resemble. Any letters that can
be traced to a known alphabet.
The writing does not resemble any letters that can be
traced to a known alphabet.
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Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments
9. The manuscript which contains many beautiful
illustrations. Of plants, people, and other seemingly
unrelated images.
The manuscript contains many beautiful illustrations. Itdepicts plants, people, and other seemingly
unrelated images.
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Ex. 3.1 Sentence Fragments
10. Because the Voynich manuscript is such an
intriguing mystery. That some scholars might
actually be disappointed to learn all of its secrets.
The Voynich manuscript is such an intriguing mysterythat some scholars might actually be disappointed to
learn all of its secrets.
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Run-ons
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Run-Ons
1. What’s another name for a sentence?
Independent clause
2. What term describes two complete sentences
joined without any punctuation?
Fused sentence
All of us went to the movies Jack and Joan did not
stay long.
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Run-Ons
2. What term describes two complete sentences
joined without any punctuation?
Fused sentence
All of us went to the movies Jack and Joan did not
stay long.
3. What term describes two complete sentences
joined by only a comma?Comma splice
All of us went to the movies, Jack and Joan did not
stay long.
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Run-Ons
4. What are the five ways to correct run-ons?
Add a period
All of us went to the movies. Jack and Joan did not
stay long.Add a semicolon
All of us went to the movies; Jack and Joan did notstay long.
Add a semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and acomma
All of us went to the movies; however, Jack and
Joan did not stay long.
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Run-Ons
4. What are the five ways to correct run-ons?
Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction
All of us went to the movies, but Jack and Joan did
not stay long.
Add a dependent word
Although all of us went to the movies, Jack and
Joan did not stay long.
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Week 3
Write three sentence fragments.
Write three comma-splice run-ons. Write three
fused run-ons.
Grammar Tasks
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Ramage Chapter 3
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What is the classical structure of an
argument?
Introduction
Attention grabber
Memorable scene, illustrative story, startling statistic
Explanation of issue and needed background
Thesis
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What is the classical structure of an
argument?
Presentation of writer’s position
Main body of essay
Presents & supports each reason in turn
Each reason is tied to a value/belief held by the
audience
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What is the classical structure of an
argument?
Summary of opposing views
Response to opposing views
Refutes opposing views
Shows weaknesses in opposing views
Concedes to some strengths
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What is the classical structure of an
argument?
Conclusion
Summarizes argument
Leaves strong last impression
Calls for action or relates topic to larger context
of issues
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What are the three kinds of
persuasive appeals?
Logos
Ethos
Pathos
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Define logos
Quality of message
Logic of argument
Guiding Questions:
How can I make the argument internally consistent
and logical?
How can I find the best reasons and support them
with the best evidence?
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Define Ethos
Credibility of writer
Conveyed through writer’s investment in claim,
fairness to alternative views, author’s tone, style,
attention to grammar and mechanics
Guiding Questions:
How can I present myself effectively?
How can I enhance my credibility andtrustworthiness?
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Define Pathos
Values and beliefs of intended audience
Often associated with emotional appeal
Imaginative sympathies
Guiding Questions: How can I make the reader open to my message?
How can I best appeal to my reader’s values and
interests?
How can I engage my reader emotionally andimaginatively?
H Id if i f i
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How to Identify an information
question
Examine purpose in relationship to audience
Teacher to learner
Hope audience gains new information, knowledge, orunderstanding
How does a diesel engine work?
Why is a diesel engine more fuel efficient than a gasoline
engine? What is the most cost-effective way to produce diesel fuel
from crude oil?
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How to Identify an Issue question
Examine purpose in relationship to audience
Advocate to decision maker or jury
Audience must make up its mind on something and
must weigh different points of view
Should the present highway tax on diesel fuel beincreased?
Pg. 63
Wh f d i l
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What factors do rational arguments
require?
1. reasonable participants who operate within the
conventions of reasonable behavior
2. potentially sharable assumptions that can serve
as a starting place or foundation for argument
If either factor is missing, the result is a pseudo
argument.
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How is a pseudo-argument created?
No possibility for listening, learning, growth, or
change by audience
Lack of shared assumptions or common ground
Bible interpretations
Personal opinions
Opera is boring
Pg. 65
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Epic Rap Battles of History
How is this clip an example of a classical
argument?
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Shakespeare Vs. Seuss Discussion
www
1. Which character had the best argument? Who do
you think won?
2. What were some of the arguments made by thewinner?
3. How did the winner refute his opponent’s
arguments?4. What were some of the opponent’s key arguments?
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For Wednesday...
Watch the assigned video clips
Answer the questions listed on the previous slide.
Think of two other characters who should battle.
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Video Clip Assignments
Easter Bunny vs. Genghis Khan; Michael Jackson vs. Elvis Presley
Brittany Altmeyer, Ashley Berkich, Leah Liberi, Angelia Bianchi,Kaila Crivello, Sarah Csider
Batman vs. Sherlock Holmes; Steve Jobs vs. Bill Gates
Shawn Fahey, Chris Gallick, Alex Gola, Luke Kail, Emily Knorr,Danielle Delrosso
Steven Hawking vs. Einstein; Mr. Rogers vs. Mr. T
Mark Nath, Bob Perrin, Shaye Rainey, Brian Richards, Allayna
Schneider, Casey Stewart
Moses vs. Santa; Mario Bros. vs. Wright Bros.
Kody Torok, Paige Wagner, Chris Wolowicz, Nate Sharp, DougWoodin, Cody DeCarlo, Elias Luhatwa