Post on 06-Sep-2015
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Water Water Pipe NetworksPipe Networks
Forth Tutorial in Forth Tutorial in WaterCadWaterCad
Extended Period Simulation (EPS)Extended Period Simulation (EPS) By: Dr. Mohamed By: Dr. Mohamed ElgamalElgamal
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo UniversityFaculty of Engineering, Cairo University
Network via Network via WaterCadWaterCad
Objectives
The purpose of this Tutorial (Tutorial 4) is to train the trainees
how to use WaterCad to carry out an Extended Period
Simulation (EPS) analysis. In the EPS simulation, demands
at junctions are allowed to vary with time and this will allow us
to have a more realistic simulation for the actual pipe network
conditions.
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Tutorial in Tutorial in WaterCadWaterCad
In this lecture, student will learn how to:
Run a hydraulic model using EPS solver;
Estimate the daily cost of power;
Develop a number of scenarios and compare
between the developed scenarios;
Formulating control statements using watercad;
Investigate the hydraulic and economic effect of
introducing a storage facility to the network.
First Part First Part (Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Problem Statement
The shown network includes a water tower tank T1 and a pump
station that consists of two similar pumps set in parallel.
The total daily average demand is equal 1446 m3/hr and the
discharge at BEP is also chosen equal 1446 m3/hr. .
To carry out this tutorial, you
need to have this file:
Tutorial4(Original)
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(Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Classwork Objective
You are requested to develop the following two scenarios:
Scenario 1: assumes no water storage facility in the network and
therefore, one pump (i.e. pump -1) should be working as long as
SQdemand 1446 m3/hr and the second pump (pump-2) should be
turned on once SQdemand >1446 m3/hr.
Tank T1 &
Pipe P-53
are Inactive
Add auto control between
these elements
(Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Scenario 2
Scenario 2: makes use of the water tower storage facility (T-1) to
reduce the frequency of turning on/off the pumps in the pump
station. In order to achieve this objective, pump-1 and pump-2 are
automatically switched on/off according to the temporal water
level in the water tower tank.
Tank T1 &
Pipe P-53
are Active
Add auto control between
these elements
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Tutorial Tutorial 44 Steps
Step #1:Open the project file [Tutorial4(Original)].
Step #2: Go to pump definition.
Step #3:Switch to the pump Efficiency Tap.
Enter the Q@BEP and the pump
efficiencies for the
two pumps
Tutorial Tutorial 44 Steps
Step #4:Switch to Motor Tap.
Enter the Motor
efficiencies for the
two pumps
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Tutorial Tutorial 44 Steps
Step #5:Run the file using the steady state solver.
No Warnings are found
Tutorial Tutorial 44 Steps
Step #6:Plot the Pump Curve and Identify the Operating Point of
Pump-1 (R-Click Pump-1 and select Pump Curve)
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Tutorial Tutorial 44 Steps
Step #7:Plot a Plan Layout of the Network Annotating Q in Pipes:
R-Click Pipes New Annotation Select Flow
(Tutorial (Tutorial 44)) Steps
Select suitable X & Y Offsets and Height
Multipliers to get a readable layout
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Never Start EPS Analysis Before Clearing out all Errors that Might
Exist in the Steady State Case.
Important Note
EPS StepsEPS Steps 1. Define the demand pattern
Add new pattern Rename it as
diurnal pattern
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EPS StepsEPS Steps 2. Enter the values of the demand pattern multipliers
given in the assignment
Note that: the average of all multipliers should be equal
to 1Why?
EPS StepEPS Step 3. Ensure that the starting multiplier is correctly entered
First Multiplier Should Equal the
Last Multiplier
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EPS StepEPS Step 4. Assign the diurnal pattern to all junctions
EPS StepEPS Step 4. Assign the diurnal pattern to all junctions (Cont.)
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EPS StepEPS Step 5. Assign the Energy Cost Rate: 0.1 USD/kwatt-hr
Click on Energy Pricing
EPS StepEPS Step 5. Assign the Energy Cost Rate: 0.1 USD/kwatt-hr
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5. Save As the project file two times as: - Tutorial4Scenario2.wtg; - Tutorial4Scenario1.wtg
Developing Scenarios 1&2
Developing Scenario 1
6. Open the File Corresponding to Scenario1: -Tutorial4Scenario1.wtg
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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls
Automatic Control
Consists of
Conditions or
Events
Actions or
Decisions
As you see in the Table below, Scenario 1 includes two
controls:
Each control consists of conditions and actions:
Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls
The two conditions in scenario 1
are related to the flow in Pipe P-58
The two actions in
scenario 1 are
related to the
operation of Pump-2
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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
Components Controls Conditions
Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) How to add a simple condition
Click here to specify the
monitored element from
the window.
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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
7.1 Formulating Condition 1:
if (Qp-58)> 1446 m3/hr
7.2 Formulating Condition 2:
if (Qp-58)
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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
7.5 Combining Control 1
Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
7.6 Combining Control 2
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Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 7.7 Combining the two Controls Control 1&2 into One Set of Controls
Click to
Select
Developing Scenario 1 7. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 7.8 Rename the set of controls as:
Scenario 1_Set
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Developing Scenario 1
8. Create A Child Alternative for Topology Suiting Scenario -1
8.1 Create a child alternative under the
topology
Developing Scenario 1
8. Create A Child Alternative for Topology Suiting Scenario -1
8.2 Rename the new child
topology alternative as:
Inactive Tank T1 and Pipe P53
Double Click
to Edit the
Topology
8.3 Uncheck Pipe P-53
This will make P-53 inactive in
this topology alternative only
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Developing Scenario 1
8. Create A Child Alternative for Topology Suiting Scenario -1
8.4 Switch to the Tank Tap and Uncheck Tank T1
This will make Tank T-1 inactive in the
recently created topology alternative only
Developing Scenario 1
8. Create A Child Alternative for Topology Suiting Scenario -1
Doing so cause T-1 and P-53 to be inactive (as shown below)
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Developing Scenario 1
9. Create A Child Alternative for Operation Suiting Scenario-1
9.1 Create a child alternative under the Operation
Developing Scenario 1
9. Create A Child Alternative for Operation Suiting Scenario-1
9.2 Rename the child alternative
under the Operation as: No Tank
Operation
Double Click
to select the
relevant
control set
9.3 Select the relevant control set
: Scenario 1_Set
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Developing Scenario 1
10. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-1 10.1 Create a new child scenario
and rename it as: Scenario-1
10.2 Double Click Scenario-1 to assign
its main alternatives /features
Developing Scenario 1
10. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-1
10.3 Make the new child scenario (Scenario-1) the current scenario
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Developing Scenario 1
11. Selecting Numerical Settings for Scenario-1
11.1 Double Click on the Calculation Options
11.2 Select EPS Solver (Not
Steady State)
11.3 Select Hydraulic Time Step
as 0.1 hrs
Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 11
12. Running Scenario-1
No Warnings are found
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Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 11 13. Calculate Energy Consumption and Cost
13.1 Click the Scenario Energy Cost Icon
13.2 Click the Internal Run Icon
13.3 Write down the Daily Cost of Energy 882.8 USD/day
Developing Scenario 2
1. Open the File Corresponding to Scenario1: -Tutorial4Scenario2.wtg
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls
Automatic Control
Consists of
Conditions or
Events
Actions or
Decisions
As you see in Table below, Scenario 2 includes Four controls:
Each control consists of conditions and actions:
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
The four conditions in scenario 2 are
related to HGL in Water Tower T-1
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
The four actions in
scenario 2 are
related to the
operation of Pump-
1&2
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
Lets Understand
the Controls
Given for Tank T-1
Pump2 On
Pump1 On
Pump1 Off
Pump2 Off
P2 P1
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
Components Controls Conditions
Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) How to add a simple condition?
Click new condition Simple
Click here to specify the
monitored element from
the window. Select the tower tank T-1 as the
monitored element
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
2.1 Formulating Condition 1:
if T1HGL 54
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
Up till now we formulated the
four conditions. Lets switch to
the Action Tap to formulate the
corresponding four actions
Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) How to add a simple actions?
Click new action Simple
Click here to specify the
acting element from the
window. From the Window, select Pump-2 as the
acting element
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
2.5 Formulating Action 1:
Pump -2 is ON
2.6 Formulating Action 2:
Pump -1 is ON
Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.)
2.7 Formulating Action 3:
Pump -2 is Off
2.8 Formulating Action 4:
Pump -1 is Off
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.9 Combining Control 1
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.9 Similarly Combining Control s 2 to 4 (Cont.)
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
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Developing Scenario 2 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.10 Combining the 4 Controls into One Set of Controls
Switch to Control Set Add a new control set
Click to Select all
controls
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
Developing Scenario 1 2. Formulate the Required Auto-Controls (Cont.) 2.11 Rename the set of controls as: Scenario 2_Set
Scenario # Description Control # Condition** Actions
Scenario 2* Tank T1 and Pipe P-53 are ACTIVE
1 T1HGL 54 Pump-1 is OFF
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Developing Scenario 2
3. Create A Child Alternative for Operation Suiting Scenario-2
3.1 Create a child alternative under the Operation
Developing Scenario 2
3. Create A Child Alternative for Operation Suiting Scenario-2
3.2 Rename the child alternative
under the Operation as: With Tank
Operation
Double Click
to select the
relevant
control set
3.3 Select the relevant control set
: Scenario 2_Set
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Developing Scenario 2
4. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-2 4.1 Create a new child scenario
and rename it as: Scenario-2
4.2 Double Click Scenario-2 to assign
its main alternatives /features
Developing Scenario 2
4. Creating a Child Scenario Called: Scenario-2
4.3 Make the new child scenario (Scenario-2) the current scenario
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Developing Scenario 2
5. Selecting Numerical Settings for Scenario-2
5.1 Double Click on the Calculation Options
5.2 Select EPS Solver (Not
Steady State)
5.3 Select Hydraulic Time Step as
0.1 hrs
Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22
6. Running Scenario-2
Note that Some Warnings are found
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Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22
7. Post-Processing of Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)
Monitoring Pump-1 & 2 and Tank T1 and Junction 11 While re-Playing the outcomes
Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22
8. Calculate Energy Consumption and Cost
8.1 Click the Scenario Energy Cost Icon
8.2 Click the Internal Run Icon
8.3 Write down the Daily Cost of Energy 846.5 USD/day
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Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22
8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)
Based on the Hydraulic Analysis of Scenario -2 , We have
noted the following:
8.1 Tank T-1 has experienced a number of full and empty events;
Empty Tank During
These Periods
Full Tank During These Periods
Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22 8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)
Based on the Hydraulic Analysis of Scenario -2 , We have
noted the following:
8.2 Pump-1 has experienced a maximum number of pump-motor on/offs
equals 5 times during 5 hrs i.e. one time per hr (this pump-motor cycling rate is
generally accepted however it should be compared with the permissible rates
for this pump make, refer to motor catalogue)
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Developing Scenario Developing Scenario 22 8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)
Based on the Hydraulic Analysis of Scenario -2 , We have
noted the following:
8.3 Junction -11 has the minimum pressure (0.87 bar)
Developing Scenario 2 8. Comments on Scenario-2 (D= 10 m)
The minimum pressure head (0.87 bar) might
be not sufficient . We have three junctions
where the pressure is less than 1.0 bar and we
need to think for proposals to increase the
pressure for this low pressure area,
Low
Pressure
Area
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Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2
Many proposals could be suggested to increase the
pressure including:
-Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low
pressure area;
-Increasing the pump head (in general);
-Increasing the static level of the nearby tank;
-Using pressure regulating or sustaining valves
In the coming slides, we will discuss the solution of
the first proposal
Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 9.1 Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low
pressure area;
Lets first explore the existing pipe sizes by using annotation
and colour coding:
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Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 9.1 Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low
pressure area;
- Highlight the pipes that contain the low pressure area junctions
(as shown below) and increase their size to 300 mm:
Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 9.1 Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low
pressure area;
- A good practice is to create a new alternative where the sizes
of the following pipes will be increased to 300mm: P-8&P-9&P-
35.
Double Click
to Open Flex
Tables to Edit
pipe sizes of
a/m pipes
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Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 9.1 Increasing pipe diameters of those pipes feeding the low
pressure area;
- A good practice is to create a new alternative where the sizes
of the following pipes will be increased to 300mm: P-8 to P-12
&P-20&P-35.
Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2
The below figure shows the adopted sizes after increasing the
pipes within the low pressure area (shown in dark blue).
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Developing Scenario 2
9. Proposing Modifications to Scenario-2 Explore the pressure time series for the three junctions
located within the low pressure area;
It is clear that increasing the a/m pipes solved the problem.
After Increasing the size of three pipes,
the Minimum Pressure is now > 1 bar