Forming Complex Societies

Do Now•What changes in technology have you

seen over the course of humankind that we have studied so far?

Activity• In your groups, work on your assigned section

of the worksheet.

• Group 1: Farming villages (page 57)

• Group 2: Farming Communities Spread (page 58)

• Group 3: Changes in technology (page 59)

• Group 4: Economic and Social Changes (pages 60 and 61)

Essential Question•Why did early people begin to live

together in farming villages?

Farming Villages1. Why did farming villages develop?

Farming VillagesAnswer:Some farmers produced enough

surplusfood to support more people

Farming Villages2. What details about the houses of Çatal

Hüyük suggest that the village was a permanent settlement?

Farming VillagesAnswer: The houses were made of baked clay bricks,

and people decorated their homes with paintings

and carvings of women, bulls, and other images.

The houses were made of baked clay bricks, and people decorated their homes with paintings and carvings of women, bulls, and other images.

Çatal Hüyük

Farming Villages3. Near what resources did highly

successful farming communities develop?

Farming VillagesAnswer:Water and good soil

Farming Communities SpreadGreece

GreeceAnimals Raised Plants Grown• Cattle• Sheep• Pigs

• Wheat• Barley• Other grains

Asia (present day India, Pakistan)

Asia (present day India, Pakistan)

Animals Raised Plants Grown• Cattle• Water buffalo• Other Animals

• Grains• Other Crops

Mehrgarh

MehrgarhAnimals Raised Plants Grown• Not known • Cotton

Farming Communities Spread5. What two advantages did terraces

provide for the Yangshao people?

Farming Communities SpreadAnswer:More flat land for farming and

protectionfrom floods

Changes in Technology6. How did each change to the plow improve farming?

Changes in TechnologyAnswer:Each change made planting easier andfaster and allowed fewer people to

plant larger crops

Changes in Technology7. How do you think farming led to the

development of new kinds of tools?

Changes in TechnologyAnswer:People learned to use baskets, plows,

andother tools to make farming easier

Farming Tools Used 1. Stick: dig up roots, made holes to plant seeds

2. Hoe: break up and turn over soil for planting, and to dig out rocks and tree roots

3. Stick Plow: cut, lift, turn over soil. Dug rows in soil and then placed seeds or young plants in ground

4. Plow with wooden stone or blade: faster

5. Animal-drawn plow: used cattle, less people needed

6. Irrigation: dug ditches from rivers to fields

Ancient Tools

Stick HoeStick Plow

Ancient Tools

Plow with wooden or stone blade Animal Drawn Plow

Ancient Tools

Irrigation

Economic and Social Changes8. Why were surpluses important to the

economic structure of a farming village?

Economic and Social ChangesAnswer:People bartered surplus goods for

thingsthey wanted or needed.

Economic and Social Changes9. How did trade cause changes in the

social structure of early farming villages?

Economic and Social ChangesAnswer:As trade developed, people neededleadership. People needed someone toturn to in order to resolve conflicts,

such aswho owned land or a resource.

Economic and Social Changes10. What animals were raised in pastoral

societies?

Economic and Social ChangesAnswer:Goats, sheep, horses, and cattle

Economic and Social Changes11. What resources did pastoral people get

from their animals?

Economic and Social ChangesAnswer:Milk, hides, and bones for tools

Wrap Up•List 3 things you learned today on your

note card.