Food Systems for Food Security

On-Farm Supply Issues

Hans H. SteinUniversity of Illinois

http://nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu

Current Research

• Energy and nutrient digestibility in pigs– Amino Acids– Minerals– Lipids– Carbohydrates (starch and fiber)

• Use of pigs as models for humans – Amino acids– Energy and fiber

4

Ileal AA Digestibility

Amino Acid Nutrition in Humans

H. H. Stein

Human Malnutrition• Marasmus– Energy and protein deficiency

• Kwashiorkior– Deficiency of protein (quality or quantity)

• Goiter– Iodine deficiency

• Anemia– Deficiency of iron, vit. B12, or folic acid

Kwashiorkor

Preparation of Casava

H. H. Stein

Nutritional Value of Casava

Kwashiorkor

Protein Requirements

• Is a requirement for indispensable AA• AA are needed for maintenance, growth, and

milk protein synthesis• Greatest requirement (as % of diet) in children,

teenagers, and pregnant and lactating women• No storage of excess AA – needed every day

Liebig’s Barrel

AA intake of 8 year old boy

H. H. Stein

100 g rice + 55 g beans

AA intake of 8 year old boy - 100 g rice + 55 g soy flour

H. H. Stein

H. H. Stein

Digestible Indispensable Amino Acids Scores (DIAAS)

H. H. Stein

DIAAS values indicate the first limiting AA in Food Proteins

First Peer Reviewed Publication

First Peer Reviewed Publication

H. H. Stein

Cervantes-Pahm et al., 2014

DIAAS in Cereal Grains (> 3 years)

H. H. Stein

Unpublished, Univ. IL, 2014

DIAAS in Soy Proteins (> 3 years)

Current and Future Research

• DIAAS values in 4 dairy proteins and 4 plant proteins (Ongoing)

• Future: DIAAS values in 100 food proteins (in collaboration with 3 other Universities)

• Further refinement of systems for AA evaluation in humans

H. H. Stein

Acknowledgement

http://nutrition.ansci.illinois.edu