Post on 26-Dec-2015
FOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITION
Carbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsCarbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsCarbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsCarbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
Warm-UpWarm-Up
Which of the following Which of the following statements are always true? statements are always true?
Sometimes true? Sometimes true? Which are always false?Which are always false?
Which of the following Which of the following statements are always true? statements are always true?
Sometimes true? Sometimes true? Which are always false?Which are always false?
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Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
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Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
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Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.
Warm-UpWarm-Up
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.
Warm-UpWarm-Up
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Snacking is bad for you.Snacking is bad for you.
Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Snacking is bad for you.Snacking is bad for you.
Foods Supply NutrientsFoods Supply Nutrients
Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.
Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.
Foods Supply NutrientsFoods Supply Nutrients
Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.
There are six classes of nutrients:
Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.
There are six classes of nutrients:
6 Essential Nutrients6 Essential Nutrients
CarbohydratesFatsProteinVitaminsMineralsWater
CarbohydratesFatsProteinVitaminsMineralsWater
6 Essential Nutrients6 Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used
by the body as sources of energy.
Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used
by the body as sources of energy.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply Energy
Fuel for your body:Fuel for your body:
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply EnergyFuel for your body:
When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a
series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply EnergyFuel for your body:
When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.
Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a
series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply EnergyFuel for your body:
When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.Metabolism is the chemical process by which
your body breaks down food to release this energy.
Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a
series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.Metabolism is the chemical process by which
your body breaks down food to release this energy.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply EnergyFuel for your body:
When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.Metabolism is the chemical process by which
your body breaks down food to release this energy.
Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues.
Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a
series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.Metabolism is the chemical process by which
your body breaks down food to release this energy.
Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply Energy
What are Calories?What are Calories?
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply Energy
What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients
are broken down is measured in units called calories.
What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients
are broken down is measured in units called calories.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply Energy
What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients
are broken down in measured in units called calories.
For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body.
What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients
are broken down in measured in units called calories.
For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body.
Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply Energy
What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients
are broken down in measured in units called calories.
For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body.
However, you need to consider more than just the calorie content of foods. You need to consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all the nutrients your body needs.
What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients
are broken down in measured in units called calories.
For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body.
However, you need to consider more than just the calorie content of foods. You need to consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all the nutrients your body needs.
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.
Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.
CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.
There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.
There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates
Simple CarbohydratesSimple Carbohydrates
Simple Carbohydrates are also known as sugars.
Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.
There are several types of sugars, but glucose is the most important because it is the major provider of energy for your body’s cells.
Simple Carbohydrates are also known as sugars.
Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.
There are several types of sugars, but glucose is the most important because it is the major provider of energy for your body’s cells.
Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace.
Starches are one main source of complex carbohydrates.
Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace.
Starches are one main source of complex carbohydrates.
Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates
Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants. Fiber is not really a nutrient because it cannot
be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream.
Fiber passes out of your body without being digested.
Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants. Fiber is not really a nutrient because it cannot
be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream.
Fiber passes out of your body without being digested.
Why Fiber is ImportantWhy Fiber is Important
Fiber helps prevent constipationFiber may reduce the risk of colon cancerFiber may help prevent heart disease
Fiber helps prevent constipationFiber may reduce the risk of colon cancerFiber may help prevent heart disease
Energy ReservesEnergy Reserves
Extra glucose is converted into glycogen.Glycogen is how your body stores extra
carbohydrates.If your glycogen stores become full, your
body stores the excess carbohydrates as fat.
Extra glucose is converted into glycogen.Glycogen is how your body stores extra
carbohydrates.If your glycogen stores become full, your
body stores the excess carbohydrates as fat.
Daily Carbohydrate IntakeDaily Carbohydrate Intake
45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates
Choose whole grain foodsSnack on fresh fruit rather than sweets or
soft drinks.
45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates
Choose whole grain foodsSnack on fresh fruit rather than sweets or
soft drinks.
FATSFATS
Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.
Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.
FATSFATS
Unsaturated Fats Found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds Liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated fats: olive oil, peanuts,
canola oil Polyunsaturated fats: safflower, corn, and
soybean oil
Unsaturated Fats Found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds Liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated fats: olive oil, peanuts,
canola oil Polyunsaturated fats: safflower, corn, and
soybean oil
FATSFATS
Saturated Fats:Animal fats, such as lard, and dairy
productsSolid at room temperature
Saturated Fats:Animal fats, such as lard, and dairy
productsSolid at room temperature
FATSFATS
Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat
Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat
FATSFATSRecommended that 20-35% of calories
come from fatCholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that
is found only in animal products.
Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat
Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
FATSFATSRecommended that 20-35% of calories
come from fatCholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that
is found only in animal products.You need some cholesterol
Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat
Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
You need some cholesterol
FATSFATSRecommended that 20-35% of calories
come from fatCholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that
is found only in animal products.You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you
need
Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat
Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you
need
FATSFATSRecommended that 20-35% of calories
come from fatCholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that
is found only in animal products.You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you
needToo much cholesterol in your diet can lead
to a heart attack
Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat
Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you
needToo much cholesterol in your diet can lead
to a heart attack
FATSFATS
Trans fats- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils.
Trans fats stay fresh longer.Trans fats have similar dangers as that of
saturated fats.
Trans fats- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils.
Trans fats stay fresh longer.Trans fats have similar dangers as that of
saturated fats.
PROTEINSPROTEINS
Proteins can serve as a source of energyTheir most important role is growth and
repair of your body’s tissuesMeat, eggs, poultry, milk, milk products
Proteins can serve as a source of energyTheir most important role is growth and
repair of your body’s tissuesMeat, eggs, poultry, milk, milk products
PROTEINSPROTEINS
Made up of chains of amino acidsAmino acids- the body’s “building blocks”10-35% of diet should come from proteinsVegetarians can meet their protein needs by
combining two or more plant proteins to obtain the essential amino acids.
Made up of chains of amino acidsAmino acids- the body’s “building blocks”10-35% of diet should come from proteinsVegetarians can meet their protein needs by
combining two or more plant proteins to obtain the essential amino acids.
Let’s Review…• Which three classes of nutrients supply
the body with energy?
Let’s Review…• Which three classes of nutrients supply
the body with energy?
• What is metabolism?
Let’s Review…• Which three classes of nutrients supply
the body with energy?
• What is metabolism?
• What is cholesterol?
Let’s Review…• Which three classes of nutrients supply
the body with energy?
• What is metabolism?
• What is cholesterol?
• How does diet affect the cholesterol levels in the blood?
Written Response…• In your notebook write today’s date and
the following prompt:What high fat foods do you eat? How
can you cut down?
FOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITION
Vitamins, Minerals, and WaterVitamins, Minerals, and WaterVitamins, Minerals, and WaterVitamins, Minerals, and Water
VITAMINSVITAMINS
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.
VITAMINSVITAMINS
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.
2 Classes of Vitamins:
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.
2 Classes of Vitamins:
VITAMINSVITAMINS
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.
2 Classes of Vitamins:Fat SolubleWater Soluble
Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.
2 Classes of Vitamins:Fat SolubleWater Soluble
Fat Soluble VitaminsFat Soluble Vitamins
Require the presence of fat to dissolveRequire the presence of fat to dissolve
Fat Soluble VitaminsFat Soluble Vitamins
Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, K
Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, K
Fat Soluble VitaminsFat Soluble Vitamins
Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, KCan be stored in the body
Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, KCan be stored in the body
Water Soluble VitaminsWater Soluble Vitamins
Cannot be stored by the bodyNeed to be supplied daily by the dietB Vitamins, C, Pantothenic Acid, Folic
Acid, Biotin
Cannot be stored by the bodyNeed to be supplied daily by the dietB Vitamins, C, Pantothenic Acid, Folic
Acid, Biotin
AntioxidantsAntioxidants
Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer.
Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer.
AntioxidantsAntioxidants
Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer.
Vitamins C and E are most powerful
Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer.
Vitamins C and E are most powerful
MINERALSMINERALSNutrients that occur naturally in rocks
and soil.Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks
and soil.
MINERALSMINERALSNutrients that occur naturally in rocks and
soil.Needed in significant amounts:
Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur
Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.
Needed in significant amounts: Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur
MINERALSMINERALSNeeded in trace amounts:
Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc
Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc
MINERALSMINERALSNeeded in trace amounts:
Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc*Diets deficient in iron may cause anemia- a
condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin. Anemia causes you to be weak, tired, and become ill easily.
Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc*Diets deficient in iron may cause anemia- a
condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin. Anemia causes you to be weak, tired, and become ill easily.
SupplementsSupplements
Not needed if diet contains a wide variety of foods
Take only to meet, not exceed, daily requirements
Overdose can damage health
Not needed if diet contains a wide variety of foods
Take only to meet, not exceed, daily requirements
Overdose can damage health
WATERWATER
65% of body weight is water65% of body weight is water
WATERWATER
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require water
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require water
WATERWATER
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis
WATERWATER
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis
Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis
Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature
WATERWATER
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis
Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature
Electrolytes- regulate processes in your cells
65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions
require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis
Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature
Electrolytes- regulate processes in your cells
Preventing DehydrationPreventing Dehydration
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Preventing DehydrationPreventing Dehydration
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Body loses important electrolytes
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Body loses important electrolytes
Preventing DehydrationPreventing Dehydration
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per day
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per day
Preventing DehydrationPreventing Dehydration
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per dayMales: Drink 12-14 cups per day
Occurs when body’s water content is reduced
Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per dayMales: Drink 12-14 cups per day
Let’s Review…• How are vitamins different from
minerals?
Let’s Review…• How are vitamins different from
minerals?
• What are the two classes of vitamins?
Let’s Review…• How are vitamins different from
minerals?
• What are the two classes of vitamins?
• What role does water play in the body?
Written Response…• In your notebook write today’s date and
the following prompt:Do you feel it is necessary for you to
take a dietary supplement? Why or why not?
FOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITION
Guidelines for Healthy EatingGuidelines for Healthy EatingGuidelines for Healthy EatingGuidelines for Healthy Eating
Dietary Guidelines for AmericansDietary Guidelines for Americans
Information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely.
Information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely.
Nutrient-Dense FoodsNutrient-Dense Foods
Choose foods that contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories.
Choose foods which are low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt.
Choose foods that contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories.
Choose foods which are low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt.
USDA “MyPyramid Plan”USDA “MyPyramid Plan”
Differs from the old “Food Guide Pyramid”
Based on age, gender, and activity level
Includes physical activity
Differs from the old “Food Guide Pyramid”
Based on age, gender, and activity level
Includes physical activity
“MyPyramid Plan”Recommended Servings Per Day for 16-Year Olds
Activity Level Grains Veggies Fruits Milk
Meat/
Beans
Sedentary
Male
Female
8 oz
6 oz.
3 cups
2 1/2 cups
2 cups
1 1/2 cups
3 cups
3 cups
6 1/2 oz
5 oz
Moderate
Male
Female
10 oz
6 oz
3 1/2 cups
2 1/2 cups
2 1/2 cups
2 cups
3 cups
3 cups
7 oz
5 1/2 oz
Active
Male
Female
10 oz
8 oz
4 cups
3 cups
2 1/2 cups
2 cups
3 cups
3 cups
7 oz
6 1/2 oz
Using the Food GuidelinesUsing the Food Guidelines
Meals:Don’t skip breakfast!Whole grains, fruits vegetablesTrim fat from meats, avoid fried foods
Meals:Don’t skip breakfast!Whole grains, fruits vegetablesTrim fat from meats, avoid fried foods
Using the Food GuidelinesUsing the Food Guidelines
Meals:Don’t skip breakfast!Whole grains, fruits vegetablesTrim fat from meats, avoid fried foods
Snacks:Choose foods that are nutrient-dense
Meals:Don’t skip breakfast!Whole grains, fruits vegetablesTrim fat from meats, avoid fried foods
Snacks:Choose foods that are nutrient-dense
Using the Food GuidelinesUsing the Food Guidelines
Eating Out:Choose milk, water or juice instead of
sodaChoose salad instead of friesChoose grilled instead of fried
Eating Out:Choose milk, water or juice instead of
sodaChoose salad instead of friesChoose grilled instead of fried
Let’s Review…• What are the four main
recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Let’s Review…• What are the four main
recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
• What does it mean to say a food is nutrient-dense?
Let’s Review…• What are the four main
recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
• What does it mean to say a food is nutrient-dense?
• What is indicated by the different bands in the “MyPyramid Plan?”
Written Response…• In your notebook write today’s date and the
following prompt: Using the Serving Chart, find you activity
level. Look at the recommended servings for each band. Which bands are you meeting the requirements for on a daily basis? Which are not being met? How can you improve your diet?