Food for Life

Year 9N Gibellini

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SLOs

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http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/ABDLC/launch.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/a-well-balanced-diet/102.html

http://e-learningforkids.org/Courses/EN/S0702/launch.html

Introduction

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Appreciate that a balanced diet is essential for good health

SLO

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We need food for:

Storage of energy as fat, insulation

Growth of new tissues

Repair of damaged tissues

Movement

Heat 

Chemical reactions

Why do we need food?

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The amount of energy I require each day is 11,550 kj or 11.55 MJIn the last 24 hours I ate:

My Energy Balance

Item of Food

Amount Approximate number of kj

Approximate number of MJ

       

       

       

Total      6

My total energy input for the last 24 hour is _____ kJ, or ____ MJ 

1.Did you get a variety of all food types? Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, minerals and vitamins 2.Did your energy input equal your output energy?

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What do you think happens if:

Energy Input > Energy Output = Increase in weight Energy Input < Energy Output

= Decrease in weight

Input and Output

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17,58456kj

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In order to stay healthy our diets should be what?

Balance of protein, fats and oils and carbohydrates Contain all food types

What happens if we do not maintain a healthy diet? Become obese, lack of energy, brittle bones, diabetes Memory loss, malnutrition,

How can you tell if you have a healthy diet? Active, clear eyes, reddish gums, focused, strong pink

fingernails, flexible skin, shiny hair How can you tell if you have an unhealthy diet?

Unfocused, difficulty concentrating, limp hair that breaks off, brittle fingernails, dull complexion

Success Criteria

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Name the main food groups and give examples of each

SLO

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Sort the pictures provided into five food groups

Now put them in order of which you should eat the most, eat in small amounts and eat least of.

Why is it important to eat the correct amounts of each type of food group?

Dietary Intake

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Look at the pictures provided and see if you can group them, give each group a name.

Try to figure out what your body uses each food type for.

Food Groups

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http://e-learningforkids.org/Courses/EN/S0703/launch.html

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Food typesTypeType Found inFound in UsesUses

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

Vitamins

Minerals

Fibre

Water 16

Food typesTypeType Found inFound in UsesUses

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

Vitamins

Minerals

Fibre

Water

Bread, potatoes, cereal

Cream, butter, milk, oil

Meat, fish, eggs

Vegetables, cereal

Meat, milk, cereal

Fruit + veg, cereal

Water!

Energy

A store of energy

Building and repairing cells

Keep things “ticking over”

Strong teeth etc

75% of the body is water

Keeps you regular!

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http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage4/biology/pc/modules/digestion/balanced_diet/index.html

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Our bodies require certain other substances in order to stay healthy:Iron: used in blood to carry oxygen need for respiration which makes energy! (green vege, red meat)Fibre: keeps intestines clean, helps move the food through the intestines (cereals)Calcium: helps strengthen our bones (diary products)Water: helps in metabolic process and keep cells alive

Important Substances

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What types of foods do we get these from?

Important Substances

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1. Write a definition of the following words: diet,

nutrition

2. List the types of foods which contain lots of the following

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins

3. State what each of the above substances do in the body.

4. Complete Scipad page 149-150 and 154-155

Success Criteria

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Gain an understanding of some of

the diseases caused by poor diet

SLO

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Dietary Intake

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Modern diets and health problems

% obesity in the UK

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Too much or too little of certain things in our diet can cause major health problems.

Solve Theo’s healthproblems.

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/MALLC/launch.html

Dietary Problems

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Research one of the following dietary problems.Obesity, Anorexia, Bulimia, Malnutrition, Anemia, Goiter, bowel cancer, diabetes, heart disease, dehydration, kwashiorkor diseaseYou need to find out:What causes the problemWhat effects does the problem causeHow can the problem be cured?

Dietary Problems

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Obesity can result in:Heart diseaseHeart attackType II diabetesInfertility

Lack of fibre can result in:Constipation Bowel Cancer

Dietary Problems

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Read and complete the questions on the following pages in Exploring Science 8

Page 10-11 and Page 12-13

Complete the following worksheets:The Glycaemic Index 8Ac/7Balanced Diets 8Ab/8Poor Diets 8Ab/2Focus on Diet and Diabetes 8Ab/3On a diet 8Aa/1Eat to live 8Ae/6

Tasks

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Poor dietsIf we don’t have a balanced diet we may suffer form a “deficiency symptom”:

Vitamin D

Protein

Vitamin C

Vitamin A

Iron

Calcium

Anaemia

Scurvy (bleeding gums and joints)

Weak bones and teeth

Wasting of body tissue

Rickets

Poor night vision

Lack of… Causes…

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1. Write a definition of the following words: diet,

nutrition, energy input, energy out put, food pyramid, calcium, fibre, water,

2. What type of food substance is calcium?

3. Why is fibre important in the diet?

4. What makes up the missing mass in most foods?

5. Complete Scipad page 156

Success Criteria Explain what a balanced diet is.

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1. Bob has become very overweigh in the last few years.

He used to play a lot of sports and go to the gym everyday, but he injured his knee and cannot play sports anymore and he has stopped going to the gym.

Bob still eats the same about of food as he did before his knee injury. Suggest two reasons why he might be overweight now.

Suggest two health problems the Bob could have as a result of becoming overweight.

Suggest two ways in which Bob might lose mass.

Success Criteria Explain what a balanced diet is.

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Carry out a number of food test

investigations

SLO

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http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology

/pc/learningsteps/FOTLC/launch.html

Complete scipad pages 151-153

Food Tests

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Food type Tested for

Method Positive Test Result

Foods that contain this

Carbohydrate:Starch

1. Put 1 ml of water in a test tube 2. Add 1 pinch of ground food3. Add 2 drops of iodine solution4. Shake it, record colour change 

   

Carbohydrate:Glucose

1. Put 1 ml of water in a test tube 2. Add 1 pinch of ground food3. Add 5 drops of Benedict’s solution4. Shake well, then gently heat 5. Record colour change 

   

Oils 1. Put 1 ml of alcohol into a test tube.2. Add 1 pinch of the liquefied food.3. Shake well. Then pour into another test tube that contains 1ml of water.4. Shake well, record change in appearance. 

   

Protein 1. Put 1ml of food into a test tube.2. Add 1ml of sodium hydroxide.3. Add 4 drops of copper sulphate solution.4. Shake well and record colour change. 

   

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Food tests 1To investigate what happens in digestion we need to be able to test for different foods. Here are two simple tests:

1) The test for starch:

Drop some iodine onto the food. If the iodine turns BLUE/BLACK then STARCH is present.

2) The test for simple sugars (e..g glucose)

Boil the food with some Benedict’s solution. If an orange “precipitate” appears then the food contains simple sugars

Iodine

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Food tests 21) The test for protein:

Add 5cm3 of dilute sodium hydroxide followed by 5cm3 of dilute copper sulphate. If protein is present it will produce a purple colour.

2) The test for fats:

Shake the food with about 10cm3 of ethanol in a test tube. Pour some of the solution into a tube containing water. If fat is present the water will turn cloudy white.

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1. Write a definition of the following words:

diet, nutrition, glucose, starch, proteins, lipids, iodine, benedict's solution

2. Draw a labelled diagram to show how to test for protein, starch, sugar and fats

3. Give the positive results expected for foods that contain starch, protein, sugar and fat.

Success Criteria

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Label the major organs of the digestive system

Outline the main function of the digestive organs

SLO

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Draw an outline of a body Draw and label the following organs List any organs you don’t know on the side of

the poster

Heart, lungs, kidneys , bladder, oesophagus, trachea, stomach, liver, gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine, pancreas, appendix, ureter, urethra, diaphragm, eyes, bile duct, larynx

Before

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Nutrition

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There are four stages to nutrition (obtaining and using food for energy):

Ingestion Using our teeth and mouths to physically get food into our

body

Digestion Chemically breaking down food into smaller particles

Absorption Broken down food particles pass from our small intestine into

our blood

Excretion Liquid waste is excreted via the kidneys and bladder Solid waste is excreted via the anus

Nutrition

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What is digestion?Turns food into a form that your body can use

Why do we need to digest food?Food particles are to large to fit through cell membranes and be absorbed and passed around the blood stream

Digestion

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Once you have ingested your food with your teeth, enzymes then digest it.

Digestion means to break down into simpler smaller particles. These smaller particles can then pass through the cell membrane of the intestines.

Digestion first takes place in your mouth where an enzyme called amylase (found in your saliva) breaks down starch into smaller particles.

Digestion is a chemical process that takes place in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.

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The digestive systemThe whole point of digestion is to break down our food so that we can get the bits we need from it…

The main foods affected are CARBOHYDRATES – these are broken down into GLUCOSE

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Digestion

1) In the mouth food is mechanically broked down by the teeth and chemically broken down by enzymes in saliva

2) In the stomach food is chemically broked down by enzymes and acid is produced to kill bacteria and help the enzymes work

3) In the small intestine enzymes complete the digestion process and glucose and other small foods are absorbed into the bloodstream.

4) In the large intestine excess water is absorbed into the blood

5) The waste faeces are removed through the anus

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Other facts to digest...

The liver produces bile to help digest fat

The gall bladder stores bile before releasing it into the small intestine via the bile duct

The pancreas produces lots of enzymes

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http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Digestive-System-

01.htm

http://nature.ca/discover/exm/blddgstvsystm/index_e.cfm

http://www.purposegames.com/game/1918

http://e-learningforkids.org/Courses/Liquid_Animation/Body_Parts/Digestive_System/index.html

Label the Digestive System

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Mouth – Chemical break down – amylase - Physical break down – teeth

Gullet/Oesphagus – moves food to stomach

Stomach – stores food and digestion begins

Small intestine – digestion continues and nutrients are absorbed

Large Intestine – water is absorbed and feaces are compacted

Anus – wastes are excreted.

Function of Organs

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Animated Rat dissection [www.keepvid.com].mp4

Complete Scipad 157-158,

Rat Dissection

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Draw a flow diagram of the digestive system Where is food first acted on by enzymes?Mouth – saliva contains enzyme amylase Where are proteins first digested?Stomach – protease breaks down proteins Where are carbohydrates first digested?Mouth – amylase digests carbohydrates What happens to food in the stomach?Broken down and mixed and bacteria killed Why do we need teeth? How do they help with

digestion?Breaks food into smaller parts so can be swallowed and

so enzymes can act on it quickly What else occurs in the mouth that aids digestion?Chemical breakdown, moistening of food

Success Criteria

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Explain how various structural adaptations aid digestion

SLO

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The small intestineThis is where the “small parts” are absorbed into our blood stream…

Everything else passes into the large intestine

Glucose gets absorbed into

the blood

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Once digested glucose, vitamins, minerals and fats are absorbed through the wall of the small intestine.

To ensure this happens as fast as possible, the small intestine is covered in thin hair like projections called villi.

These increase the surface area so that substances can be absorbed fast.http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/EGSLC/launch.html

Absorption

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Villi are only one cell thick so that substances can move quickly into the blood in the capillaries.

The capillaries join up to form veins which take the blood to the liver to be cleaned before the heart pumps the blood around the body for use.

Villi

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1. Write a definition of the following words:absorption, surface area, villi, artery, vein, small

intestine, large intestine, villus, capillary, pressure

2. Where are most substances absorbed into the blood?

3. Where are water and minerals absorbed into the blood?

4. Complete scipad 163-167

Success Criteria

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http://www.purposegames.com/game/label-the-hearts-

parts-quiz

http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Circulatory-System-01.htm

http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Digestive-System-01.htm

http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Photosynthesis-01.htm

Label Race

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Outline the structure and

function of teeth

SLO

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Why do we have teeth? Teeth are for breaking up food into smaller pieces so that they can be swallowed or ingested. There are different shaped teeth for different jobs: 

Canine: Sharp and pointy for tearing 

Incisors: Chisel like for biting 

Molars: Large and flat for chewing

Teeth

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Enamel – protects tooth from wear and tear

Dentine – supports enamel, has nerves in

Pulp – has blood vessels to supply nutrients to tooth, nerves to send messages to brain

Gum – where root is implanted60

Function of Teeth

Look at your own teeth

Copy the diagram

Label your incisors I

Label your canines C

Label your molars M

How many teeth do you have in total?

How are you teeth different to your neighbors? 

Your Teeth

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Different teeth are used to eat different foods:Canines – tearing meatIncisors –cutting grassMolars – grinding foodHence, animals with different diets also have different amounts of each type of tooth. A rabbit that eats grass would need i_____ to cut the grass and m______ to chew it.

A dog would need large c_____ to tear meat from the bone.

Teeth and Diet

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Name the different kinds of teeth and give their function

What kind of teeth do carnivores, omnivores and herbivores need most of?

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Success Criteria