PHILIPPINE PHILIPPINE FOLK FOLK

NARRATIVESNARRATIVES

FOLK NARRATIVES

These are stories handed down from the remote past by words of mouth from one generation to another, reflecting the people’s tradition, feelings, beliefs, and judgments.

MYTHSThese are stories that explain

about the actions of the gods, heroes’ exploits or the elements of nature’s origins.

MYTHS traditional or legendary stories, usually

concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature.

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY

The stories of ancient Philippine mythology include deities, creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs. Ancient Philippine mythology varies among the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines.

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY Some groups during the pre-Spanish

conquest era believed in a single Supreme Being who created the world and everything in it, while others chose to worship a multitude of tree and forest deities (diwatas). Diwatas came from the Sanskrit word devata which means "deity", one of the several significant Hindu influences in the Pre- Hispanic religion of the ancient Filipinos.

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY Because the country has many islands and

is inhabited by different ethnic groups, Philippine Mythology and superstitions are very diverse. However, certain similarities exist among these groups, such as the belief in Heaven (Kaluwalhatian or Kalangitan), Hell (Impiyerno), and human soul (kaluluwa).

PHILIPPINE GODS AND GODDESSES

Philippine Mythology

AGUI - god of fire; brother of Agwe AGWE - god of waters AMAN SINAYA - god of the sea, fishing, and

seafaring AMANIKABLE - god of the hunt, the protector of

huntsmen AMIHAN - the bird who stirred up the waters and

the heavens ANITUN TABU - goddess of the wind and the rain APOLAKI - god of the sun, lord of war, son of

Bathala, patron of warriors ASPENE - the shell goddess

BAGOBO - god of war BATHALA - king of the gods, ruler of the

heavens, creator of humanity BAYOA - god of pacts DAL’LANG - goddess of beauty DAYEA - goddess of secrets DELTISE - god of mambabarangs DETINOS - god of evil; enemy of Bathala DIAN MASALANTA - goddess of love,

pregnancy, childbirth, became known as "Maria Makiling"

DIHAS - goddess of medicinal herbs

HABAGAT - god of winds HALMISTA - god of Magic HANAN - god of the morning HAYO - god of the sea HUKLOBAN - goddess of death IDEANALE - goddess of agriculture and

animal husbandry KALING - god of thunder KAPALARAN - Although he is not a God,

he is still considered as a high power. He has the power to change destiny at his will.

KIDUL - god of earthquakes KILUBANSA - god of healing LAKAMBUWI - god of gluttony, food,

and eating LAKAPATI - deity of fertility and

cultivated fields LALAHON - goddess of volcanoes LINGA - god of disease, although unlike

Manggagaway, he cures them MAGUAYEN - ferryboat god, ferries

souls to hell MALYARI - god of strength and bravery

MANGARAGAN - goddess of war MANGGAGAWAY - goddess of disease,

poses as a healer and inflicts terror by inducing maladies instead; one of Sitans helper

MANISALAT - god of broken families MAYARI - one-eyed, beautiful goddess

and ruler of the moon, daughter of Bathala OGHEP - god of mountains PAMAHRES - god of knowledge PASIPO - god of music

PUGHE - the king of the Dwendes of the North PUNHO - god of trees SIDAPA - god of death SIGINAGURAN - god of hell SIRENHA - goddess of fishes SITAN - god of the afterlife, guardian of the

realm of the spirits SODOP - goddess of gold SOMILGE - goddess of magic, queen of

witchery TALA - goddess of the stars; daughter of Bathala

FOLKTALESThese are about the origins of the

world. They are not factual but are told for entertainment. The characters in folktales are ordinary humans or animals that act like humans. Often, the humans are peasant or people of the lower class who have better values than the rich and powerful.

Why the Sky is High (Tagalog) How the First Head Was Taken (Igorot) The Man with the Coconuts (Tinguian) The Boy Who Became a Stone

(Tinguian) Dogedog (Tinguian)

FABLESThese are stories that have

animal characters. They intend to teach lessons or moral, which is usually stated at the end of the fable.

LEGENDSThese are widely told stories about

the past. They are considered factual by those who tell them, and many have some basis in historical fact. Legends often include elements of magic and supernatural.

The Legend of Rice (Ang Alamat ng Palay) The Legend and the Short History of Pila,

Laguna The Legend of Liliw, Laguna (Ang Alamat ng

Liliw) The Legend of Gapan in Nueva Ecija (Alamat ng

Gapan, Nueva Ecija) Ang Alamat ng Ilog Pasig (The Legend of Pasig

River) Ang Alamat ng Lawa ng Sampalok (The Legend

of Sampalok Lake) Ang Alamat ng Malate (The Legend of Malate)

Elements of StorySettingCharactersPlotThemePoint of ViewConflict

Setting

Characters(Antagonists/Protagonists)

Plot

Parts of the plotPlot

exposition complication climax resolution denouement

Theme

Point of viewIt is a device used by the writer in presenting his idea.

First Person. The story is told from the view of “I.” The narrator is either the protagonist (main character) and directly affected by unfolding events, or the narrator is a secondary character telling the story revolving around the protagonist.

Choose a Point of View

Second Person. The story is told directly to “you”, with the reader as a participant in the action.

“You laughed loudly at the antics of the clown. You clapped your hands with joy.”

Choose a Point of View

Third Person. The story tells what “he”, “she,” or “it” does. The third-person narrator’s perspective can be limited (telling the story from one character’s viewpoint) or omniscient (where the narrator knows everything about all of the characters).

Choose a Point of View

Conflict

Types of Conflict

Man vs. ManMan vs. SocietyMan vs. HimselfMan vs. NatureMan vs. Fate (God)

Man vs. Man

One character in a story has a problem with one or more of the other characters.

A characters has a conflict or problem with some element of society- the school, the law, the accepted way of doing things and so on.

Man vs. Society

Man vs. Himself

A character has trouble deciding what to do in a particular situation.

Man vs. Nature

A character has a problem with some natural happening a snowstrom, an avalanche, the bitter cold, or any other elements common to nature.

Man vs. Fate (God)

A character has to battle what seems to be an uncontrollable problem. Whenever the problem seems to be a strange or unbelievable coincidence, fate can be considered as the cause of the conflict.