انؼه انظري انىو

األولأضاضاخ ف األناف انثصرح ذطثماخ األناف انثصرح نألناف انثصرح انكىاخ انذاخهح وانخارجح

أدواخ انطرخذيح ف انرىصم وانرركة انثاانرهحى وأىاػه صادك انهحاو أوػح انهحاو

لطغ وذؼرح نف تصريSM ,MM ذهحى نف تصري ىعSM ذهحى نف تصري ىعMM ذهحى وصالخ يصؼحPigtails

INDOORذركة صذوق نحاو حائط ____ انثانث ذركة صذوق نحاو حائطOUTDOOR

SMذركة نىحح ذىصم __ انراتغ ذركة نىحح ذىصمMM

فحص األػطال داخم صادك انهحاو أجهسج انفحص وانماش ف األناف انثصرح انخايص

يحرىاخ انذورج

انراجغ

Click Here

فهى ذؼرف ػ األناف انثصرح

Modulator Transmissi

on Medium Demodulator Destination

Communication System

أضاضاخ ف األناف انثصرح

االذصاالخ انؼاو ظاو

Electrical Signal

Input

Modulator Optical Light

Source Output Signal

(Electric signal)

Demodulator Optical

Detector

Transmission

path (Optical

Fiber)

أضاضاخ ف األناف انثصرحاألناف انضىئح ف االذصاالخ ظاو

انثصرحأضاضاخ ف األناف

انضىئحوػىب األناف يساخ انؼىب انساخ BWػرض طاق ػان

حراج انى يهارج ف انرؼايم

حجى صغر ووز خفف

ػازل ي انكهرتاء

Security أيا ػان

Crosstalkحاح ي انرذاخم

Losses ألم طثح فمذ

ظاو ير وضهم انصاح

اداء ثاتد ويطرمر

EIG:

•Expected RFSD Q2 2010 .

•System length of (≈ 12000Km)

.

•Designed capacity of about

3 Tbps .

•EIG lands in 14 points

among 12 countries .

.

Privat submarine system MENA:

• RFSD Q1 2009 .

• System length of (≈ 8000Km) .

• Designed capacity of 5.76Tbps .

• MENA lands in 6 points among 4

countries .

• Owner: Orascom .

.

SEA ME WE 5

SEA ME WE 5:

•Expected RFSD Q2 2016 .

•System length of (≈ 12000Km) .

•Designed capacity of about 24 Tbps

.

•SEA ME WE 5 lands in 13 points

among 17countries .

.

SAS-1

SAS-1:

• Operational since 2003 .

• Point-to-point, 333Km long

repeater-less cable system linking

Jeddah with Sudan .

• 1.28Tbps capacity .

انثصرحأضاضاخ ف األناف

ذطثماخ األناف انضىئح

Every

ware..!

انكىاخ انخارجح نألناف انثصرح

1 2- n n

m

c

09 0c

.. زاوح انمثىل Acceptance Angle

أاط األناف انثصرحFiber Modes Classification

Single mode SM : A single straight line through the fiber core

Multimode MM : With a number of reflections along the fiber

Cont..

SM Vs. MM

Parameter Single mode

SI Fiber

Multimode

SI Fiber

Multimode

GI Fiber

Stru

ctu

re

Core diameter 5 - 10 µm 50 - 400 µm 30 - 100 µm

Cladding diameter 125 µm

125 - 500 µm 100 - 150 µm

Buffer jacket diameter 250 - 1000 µm 250 - 1000 µm 250 - 1000 µm

Numerical aperture 0.08 – 0.15 0.16 – 0.5 0.2 – 0.3

Pe

rform

an

ce

Attenuation (at a wavelength of 0.85 µm)

2 – 5 dB/km 2.6 – 50 dB/km 2 – 10 dB/km

Bandwidth > 500 MHzkm 6 – 50 MHzkm 300 MHzkm – 3

GHzkm

انكاتم األحادح وانسدوجح

Simplex and Duplex CABLE

انكاتم انذاخهح وانخارجحINDOOR and OUTDOOR CABLE

CABLE SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications CABLE NAME CABLE PICs

LOOSE INDOOR SM Armed Cable

TIGHT OUTDOOR MM Fiber Cable

EATHERNET Bandwidth

Multimode OM

Categories (1.2.3 and 4)

Connector Structure

Connector Ferrule dB Power

Fiber Connectors

Connector Type Features Applications

SC (Subscriber

Connector)

Push-in connector

Square shaped

Ceramic ferrule

Typical loss 0.2 – 0.45 dB

Used in Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN,

WAN, MAN, Fiber channels in

telecommunication networks

ST

(Straight Tip)

Twist-lock connector with

metal connector cap

Round shaped

Ceramic ferrule

Typical loss 0.2 – 0.5 dB

Distribution applications using either

multimode or single mode fibers

FC (Face Contact)

Screw-on rugged metal

connector

Round shaped

Used in Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN,

WAN, MAN, Fiber channels in

telecommunication networks

LC

Push-in connector

Square shaped

Ceramic ferrule

Typical loss 0.1 – 0.5 dB

Used in CATV, LAN, MAN and WAN

applications

Connector Types

Connector Types Connector Type Features Applications

D4 (DIN connetor)

Screw-on heavy-duty metal

connector

Round shaped

Used for similar functions with FC

connector but requires a smaller

space than FC connector

SMA

(Sub Miniature A)

Screw-on connector

Round shaped

Stainless-steel ferrule

Used in military applications and

in the delivery of high-power laser

light

BICONIC

Screw-on connector

Round shaped

Ceramic cone shaped ferrule

Used in military applications

MINI-BNC

(Mini Bayonet

Nut Connector)

Twist-lock metal connector

Round shaped

Similar in appearance to

counterpart coaxial cable

Rarely found in new systems

Connector Types Connector Type Features Applications

FDDI (Fiber-

Distributed Data

Interface)

Push-in connector

Rectangular shaped

2 Fibers in a plastic ferrule

Used to link electronics and fiber

transmission systems

ESCON

(Enterprise

Systems

Connection)

Push-in connector

Rectangular shaped

2 Fibers in a plastic ferrule

Used to link electronics and fiber

transmission systems

SC Duplex

Push-in connector

Rectangular shaped

Two single SC connectors

joined with a plastic clip

Used in Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, LAN,

WAN, MAN, Fiber channels in

telecommunication networks

ي حث طرمح ذركثها انىصالخ Hot melt Connectors

Epoxy Connectors

Fuse Connectors (Using Fusion splicer to splice)

Crimp lock connectors

No Polish Crimp lock connectors

Color Code and Jacket Color

LOSESS انفمذ ف اإلشارج انضىئح

Losses in fiber optic transmission

Material absorption losses

Scattering losses

Curve and fiber bending losses

Mode coupling radiation losses

Connector and splices losses

dBkm/m

LOSESS انفمذ ف اإلشارج انضىئح dBkm/m

Tx fiber Rx fiber

LOSSES In dB

Typical Losses in Fiber Connection

Typical Losses Connection Type

.01 to .05 dB per Splice Fusion Splicer

.1 to .5 dB per Splice Mechanical Splicer

0.1 – 0.5 dB Connectors

0.5– 1.5 dB Adapters and Couplers

2 – 5 dB/km SM SI Attenuation @ 850 nm

2.6 – 50 dB/km MM SI Attenuation @ 850 nm

2 – 10 dB/km MM GI Attenuation @ 850 nm

.. أدواخ انمطغ وانرؼرح

Splicing •A way of connecting two

individual optical fibers

together.

•Basically, splicing is used for;-

-to repair a damaged cable.

-to establish long-haul

optical fiber links.

-to join two different cable

types. FITL Fusion Splicer

Mechanical Splicer

Fusion Splicing Mechanical Splicing

Permanent and highly reliable Reusable and reliable

0.01 - 0.05 dB loss per splice 0.1 - 0.3 dB loss per splice

Cost effective when number of fiber

installations are higher

Cost effective for installations involving

smaller fiber counts

Especially suitable where low losses are

required

Suitable for moderately demanding and

temporary joints (testing or repairing

purposes)

Splicing Techniques – Vs.

Fiber Cleaving

Figure: Control fracture procedure for fiber end preparation.

األجهسج انطرخذيح ف انرهحى

FITL Fusion Splicer Mechanical Splicer

Fiber Closure

Splice Try

Fiber Closure

Splice Try

Fiber Closure

Splice Try

األدواخ انطرخذيح ف انرهحى

Safety in Fiber Optic LAB

حائط نحاو صذوق ذركة

نىحح ذىصم ذركة

Epoxy Connectors Installing SC PC MM 50/125µm

Installing (Fast Connector) LC/MM No Polish Connector 50/125/900µm

What is a Loss Budget

calculated by adding the average losses of all the components used

in the cable plant to get the total estimated end-to-end loss.

That’s Include all Connections between Tx and Rx, Such like:-

Number of Connectors, Couplers.

Number of Splices.

Length of Fiber optic cable.

Tx Output Power – Rx Power = Loss Budget

Calculate a Loss Budget

Calculate a Loss Budget - Example

Calculated Losses Components Specification Components

7 dB @850nm

3 dB @1300nm

3.5 dB/Km @850nm

1.5 dB/Km @1300nm

2Km fiber

3.75 dB 0.75 dB 5 Connectors

.30 dB 0.30 dB 1 splice

11.05dB @850nm

7.05dB @1300nm

Total

Example1.1:

2 Km MM fiber Link with 5 Conn, 1 splice Using TIA-568 Specifications:

Calculate a Loss Budget - Example

Calculated Losses Components Specification Components

6 dB @850nm

2 dB @1300nm

3 dB/Km @850nm

1 dB/Km @1300nm

2Km fiber

1.50 dB 0.3 dB 5 Connectors

0.20 dB 0.20 dB 1 splice

7.70 dB @850nm

3.70 dB @1300nm

Total

Example1.2:

2 Km MM fiber Link with 5 Conn, 1 splice Using Typical Specifications:

FOA LossCalc

Fiber Cleaning Kit

FO Loop Back Modules

SC-LC

Losses .02 dB

FO Identifier

detecting optical signals transmitted through

a fiber without disrupting live traffic.

FO Multimode Mandrels

Measuring and Testing Equipment-2

FO Connector Inspection (Microscope).

VFL (Visual Fault Locator) .

FO Connector Inspection (Microscope)

× ×

√

Measuring and Testing Equipment-3

OSA (Optical Spectrum Analyzer)

measure and display the distribution of

power of an optical source over a

specified wavelength span.

DWDM,CWDM an WDM Multiplexing

systems

Measuring and Testing Equipment-4

OTDR ( Optical Time Domain Reflector)

Verify splice loss, measure length and find

faults of connections.

Measure an OPM and VFL testing.

Suitable for SM and MM fiber Mode.

INDOOR-OUTDOOR Cable.

OTDR

Measuring and Testing Equipment-2

OLS (Optical Light Source)

Generate optical power with wavelength λ

through fiber core.

SM/MM Fiber Mode.

ST/SC/FC Connectors Type.

OPM (Optical Power Meter)

Receive optical power with same λ in OLS.

SM/MM Fiber Mode.

ST/SC/FC Connectors Type.

OLSOPM