Post on 28-Mar-2018
Official Inauguration of the OIEOfficial Inauguration of the OIE--FAOFAO
Regional Animal Health CentreRegional Animal Health Centre44thth Steering Committee of the GFSteering Committee of the GF--TADsTADs
55thth Round Table for the Surveillance and Control of FMD in the MiddRound Table for the Surveillance and Control of FMD in the Middle Eastle East
FMDV Strains and SubFMDV Strains and Sub--strainsstrains
risk to the Middle East:risk to the Middle East:
review and situation updatesreview and situation updates
Hamra, Beirut – 7th – 9th April 2009Hamra, Beirut Hamra, Beirut –– 77thth –– 99thth April 2009April 2009
Antonello Di Nardo, Nick J. Knowles, Donald P. King, Nigel P. Ferris,
Jef M. Hammond, David J. PatonFAO/OIE WRLFMD, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright – UK
� Foot-and-mouth disease is an economically devastating diseaseeconomically devastating disease
of clovencloven--hoofed livestockhoofed livestock, as evidenced by recent outbreaks
in Taiwan (1997), Argentina (2001) and UK (2001)
� Causes an acute vesicular diseaseacute vesicular disease in cattle, buffaloes, sheep,
goats and pigs which may develop into a persistent infection
(excluding pigs)
� Can infect many other mammalian speciesother mammalian species, including antelopes, deer,
elephants, hedgehogs, etc.
� It is thought that the original FMDV natural host might be the
African buffalo African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) since:
• persistently infectedpersistently infected
• disease is rarely observedrarely observed
• greatest diversity greatest diversity between and within the SAT serotypes
FMD VirusFMD Virus
Family Picornaviridae
Genus Aphthovirus
�Non-enveloped
�Small protein capsid
P3P3P2P2P1P1LL
FMDV GenomeFMDV Genome� Single-stranded +RNA genome
� ~ 8500 nucleotides
� Basic organization similar to others Picornaviridae
� High error rate of virus polymerase (-10-3/-10-5 misincorporations/nucleotide)
� Rapid replication rate
FMDV antigenic diversityFMDV antigenic diversity FMD conjecture status (2007/09)FMD conjecture status (2007/09)
Endemic
Intermediate, sporadic
EgyptEgypt
(A and O)(A and O)
Pool 3
(O, A, Asia 1)
Pool 3Pool 3
(O, A, Asia 1)(O, A, Asia 1)
Pool 2
(O, A, Asia 1)
Pool 2Pool 2
(O, A, Asia 1)(O, A, Asia 1)
Pool 1
(O, A, Asia 1)
Pool 1Pool 1
(O, A, Asia 1(O, A, Asia 1))
ChinaChina
(Asia1 and (Asia1 and
A)A)
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan
(A and O)(A and O) North KoreaNorth Korea
(Asia1)(Asia1)
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan
(O)(O)
MIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EAST
Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel,
PAT PAT (O)(O)
TurkeyTurkey
(A and O)(A and O)
BahrainBahrain
(A and O)(A and O)
IranIran
(A and O)(A and O)
IraqIraq
(A)(A)
Saudi Arabia, UAE, YemenSaudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen
(O)(O)
Africa
Asia
1%
A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 [AY593755]A/SAU/41/91
A/SAU/23/86A/IND/17/77* [AF204108]A22/IRQ/24/64 [AJ251474]
A23/KEN/46/65 [1964]A/KEN/29/2005
A/EGY/4/2006A/EGY/1/2006A/EGY/2/2006A/EGY/3/2006A/EGY/5/2006
A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]
A/ETH/7/92A/ETH/23/94
A/ETH/1/94A/YEM/2/98
A/SUD/1/82A/K35/80*
A/UGA/20/76A/K37/84*
A/NYE/8/89A/UGA/4/75
A/KEN/22/69 [K140/69]A/UGA/13/66
A/BKF/2/94A/CIV/4/95A/CIV/2/96A/GHA/4/96A/GAM/44/98A/GAM/46/98
A/GAM/52/98A/SEN/34/97A/MAI/2/97A/MAU/3/97A/SEN/10/96
A/GHA/16/73A/NIG/10/76
A/CAR/2/85A/NIG/4/79
A/CAR/1/86A/CAR/1/87
A/TCH/2/73A/CAR/1/76
A/NGR/2/73A/MAI/4/2004
A/TOG/9/2005A/CAR/P19/2000 (mfa/057/01)
A/CAR/15/2000A/CAR/14/2000A/CAR/12/2000A/CAR/13/2000
A/CAR/P22/2000 (fke/066/08)A/ERI/3/97
A/ERI/2/98A/ERI/3/98
A/SUD/3/77A/SUD/1/81
A/SUD/2/84A/SUD/1/85
A/UGA/1/2002A/BUN/2/80
A/ZAM/90A/MAL/5/81
A/BUN/4/90A/K49/84*
A/KEN/12/2005A/KEN/3/2006
A/TAN/4/80A/TAN/2/68 [T626/68]
A/TAN/3/68 [T809/67]A/KEN/42/66 [K18/66]
A/K16/74*A/SOM/1/78
A/K5/80*A/KEN/1/95 [K4/95]A/KEN/1/93 [K64/93]A/KEN/1/2003 [K177/03]A/KEN/2/2003 [K181/03]
A/K179/71* [KEN/1/76]A/K207/73*
A/EGY/1/72A/ETH/2/79
A/YEM/2/85A/YEM/7/85
A21/KEN/3/64A/NIG/5/72
Asia
Africa
FMDVFMDV--A topotypes 1928A topotypes 1928--20082008 FMDVFMDV--O topotypes 1993O topotypes 1993--20082008
FMD present or suspected (topotype undesignated)
ME-SA (Middle East – South Asia)
SEA (South-east Asia)
Cathay
WRLFMD samples collectedWRLFMD samples collected
2008
Previous years
2009
WRLFMD data 2005WRLFMD data 2005--0909
496496 Batches collected from:
� Bahrain
� Egypt
� Iran
� Iraq
� Israel
� Libya
� Jordan
� Kuwait
� Pakistan
� Saudi Arabia
� Turkey
� UAE
� Yemen
WRLFMD data 2005WRLFMD data 2005--0909 WRLFMD data 2007WRLFMD data 2007--0909
283283 Batches collected from:
� Bahrain
� Egypt
� Iran
� Iraq
� Libya
� Kuwait
� Pakistan
� Saudi Arabia
� Turkey
� UAE
20082008--09 FMD events for Middle09 FMD events for Middle--EastEast
Nov 2008 (continuing)Nov 2008 (continuing)
AA--IranIran--0505
PanAsiaPanAsia--22
Nov 2008 (continuing)Nov 2008 (continuing)
AA--IranIran--0505
PanAsiaPanAsia--22
Nov 2008 Nov 2008 –– Jan 2009Jan 2009
AA--IranIran--0505
Jan 2009Jan 2009
AA--IranIran--0505
Jan 2009 (continuing)Jan 2009 (continuing)
AA--IranIran--0505
Feb 2009Feb 2009
AA--IranIran--0505
Feb 2009Feb 2009
PanAsiaPanAsia--2?2?
Feb 2009Feb 2009
AA--IranIran--0505 Mar 2009Mar 2009
AA--IranIran--0505
1%
A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002
A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/53/2000* [AF390654]
A/IND/78/2000* [AF390664]A/IND/60/2000* [AF390656]
A/IND/104/2000* [AF390592]A/IND/192/2000* [AF390619]
A/IND/24/2001* [AF390624]A/IND/126/2000* [AF390599]A/IND/172/2000* [AF390614]
A/IRN/33/2004A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003
A/IRQ/2/2002A/IRQ/100/2002A/IRQ/99/2002
A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/59/2002A/IRQ/33/2002
A/IRQ/60/2002A/IRQ/107/2002A/IRQ/108/2002
A/IRN/32/2004A/IRN/17/2005
A/IRN/1/96A/TUR/2/2003A/TUR/14/2002
A/TUR/4/2003A/SYR/5/2002A/TUR/17/2001
A/IND/17/77* [AF204108]A22/IRQ/24/64 [AJ251474]
A/IND/68/2001* [AF390659]A/IND/7/82 [1980]
A/WBN 17/82* [A/IND/490/97*] [AF390652]A/IND/17/82* [IndImm]
A/TAI/118/87*A/TAI/2/97
A/IRN/87A/SAU/41/91
A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003
A/IRN/10/2003A/PAK/28/2002
A/PAK/9/2003A/IRN/32/2001
A/IRN/34/2001A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003
A/IRN/41/2003A/IRN/7/2004
A/PAK/5/2006A/SAU/15/2005A/SAU/16/2005
A/IRN/30/2005A/IRN/22/2005A/IRN/27/2005
A/IRN/40/2005A/IRN/50/2005
A/IRN/53/2005A/IRN/36/2005A/IRN/24/2005
A/IRN/34/2005A/IRN/25/2005
A/PAK/1/2006A/PAK/3/2006
A/IRN/44/2005A/IRN/7/2005
A/IRN/4/2005A/IRN/1/2005A/IRN/2/2005
A/IRN/5/2005A/IRN/31/2005A/TUR/2/2006
A/TUR/3/2006A/TUR/1/2006
A/IRN/38/2005A/IRN/39/2005
A/IRN/26/2005A/IRN/33/2005
A/IRN/42/2005A/IRN/43/2005A/IRN/55/2005
A/IRN/29/2005A/IRN/28/2005
A/IRN/51/2005A/IRN/54/2005
A/IRN/13/2005A/IRN/18/2005
A/IRN/10/2005A/IRN/14/2005
A/IRN/16/2005
A Iran 96
A Iran 99
A Iran 05
Asia
Serotype ASerotype A: A: A--IranIran--0505
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� Within Asia topotype 1
� Predominant serotype A lineage circulating
in Middle East
� Turkey 2007 new sub-lineages A/IRN/05ARD-07 and
A/IRN/05EZM-07 predominant in Turkey
� 2 different paths of evolution (S and NS genome regions)
• A22 sub-lineage starting point
• A/IRN/105, A/IRN/96, A/IRN/99as evolutionary intermediate
� Common ancestor with O-PanAsia, Asia1,
O5 isolate from India, and A Iran 105 from Iran
(origin may be a co-infection within Asian Buffalo?)
AA--IranIran--05 isolates (200305 isolates (2003--09)09)
Iran (2003-09)
Afghanistan (2004 & 2007)
Saudi Arabia (2005 & 2008-09)
Turkey (2005-09)
Jordan (2006)
Pakistan (2006)
AA--IranIran--05 isolates (200305 isolates (2003--09)09)
Bahrain (2008-09)
Iraq (2009)
Kuwait (2009)
Libya (2009)
AA--IranIran--05 outbreaks time05 outbreaks time--lineline
Late Late
20052005
20042004
20072007
EarlyEarly
20062006
LateLate
20062006
Late 2008 Late 2008
& 2009& 2009
MarMar
20092009
Late Late
20052005--0909
20032003--0909
JanJan
20092009
20072007
Summer Summer
20072007Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� 117 samples received on 12nd of March 2009 (8 batches)
� A-Iran-05 strain have been sequenced from isolates
(all closely related)
� A/LIB/09 related with
A/IRQ/09 and A/KUW/09 (99.84% of identity)
� Spread due to animal trade/movement?
A/PAK/1/2006 A/PAK/3/2006
A/KRG/2007 A/SAU/15/2005 A/SAU/16/2005
A/IRN/54/2006 A/IRN/24/2005 A/IRN/34/2005
A/IRN/36/2005 A/IRN/53/2005
A/IRN/27/2005 A/IRN/5/2006
A/IRN/22/2005 A/IRN/30/2005
A/TUR/324/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) A/IRN/40/2005
A/IRN/50/2005 A/AFG/130/2004* (EF457980) A/AFG/131/2004* (EF457981)
A/IRN/41/2003 A/IRN/7/2004 (EU414530)
A/PAK/5/2006 A/IRN/38/2007 A/IRN/39/2007
A/IRN/3/2007 A/IRN/15/2007
A/IRN/1/2008 A/IRN/5/2008
A/BAR/2/2009 A/BAR/4/2009
A/IRN/4/2008 A/AFG/6/2007
A/AFG/44/2007 A/BAR/6/2008 A/BAR/7/2008
A/IRQ/22/2009 A/IRQ/23/2009
A/IRQ/17/2009 A/IRQ/11/2009 A/IRQ/21/2009 A/IRQ/19/2009 A/IRQ/10/2009 A/IRQ/15/2009 A/IRQ/12/2009 A/IRQ/9/2009 A/IRQ/24/2009 A/LIB/1/2009 A/LIB/2/2009
A/AFG/7/2007 A/IRN/36/2007 A/IRN/37/2007
A/IRN/2/2002 (EU414527) A/IRN/7/2003 (EU414528)
A/IRN/32/2001 A/IRN/34/2001 (EU414526)
A/IRN/10/2003 (EU414529) A/PAK/28/2002 (EU414534) A/PAK/9/2003 (EU414535)
Iran-87 Iran-99
A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777) A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)
A/IND/17/77* (AF204108) A22/IRQ/24/64 (AJ251474) A/BHU/41/2002 (EU414525)
A/BHU/7/2003 OS A/MEU/49/03* (EF120401)
A/BHU/27/2003 A/APR/51/05* (EF120400)
A/APS/44/05* (EF120402) A/APS/68/05* (EF120403)
A/SAU/23/86 (EU414536)
Iran-96
ASIA topotype
EURO-SA topotype AFRICA topotype
1 00
73
1 0 0
1 00
1 00
1 0 0
10 0
88
72
10 0
10 0
99
8 0
1 00
92
98
1 0 0
10 0
10 0
9 8
1 00
1 0 0
9 5
1 0 0
9 7
99
9 2
8 8
73
1 00
1 00
99
87
8 1
0.02
A/LIB/09A/LIB/09
IranIran
-- 0505
AS
IA top
otype
AS
IA top
otype
Serotype ASerotype A: A/LIB/09: A/LIB/09
A/PAK/1/2006 A/PAK/3/2006
A/KRG/2007 A/SAU/15/2005 A/SAU/16/2005
A/IRN/54/2006 A/IRN/24/2005 A/IRN/34/2005
A/IRN/36/2005 A/IRN/53/2005
A/IRN/27/2005 A/IRN/5/2006
A/IRN/22/2005 A/IRN/30/2005
A/TUR/324/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) A/IRN/40/2005
A/IRN/50/2005 A/AFG/130/2004* (EF457980) A/AFG/131/2004* (EF457981)
A/IRN/41/2003 A/IRN/7/2004 (EU414530)
A/PAK/5/2006 A/IRN/38/2007 A/IRN/39/2007
A/IRN/3/2007 A/IRN/15/2007
A/IRN/1/2008 A/IRN/5/2008
A/BAR/2/2009 A/BAR/4/2009
A/IRN/4/2008 A/AFG/6/2007
A/AFG/44/2007 A/BAR/6/2008 A/BAR/7/2008
A/IRQ/22/2009 A/IRQ/23/2009
A/IRQ/17/2009 A/IRQ/11/2009 A/IRQ/21/2009 A/IRQ/19/2009 A/IRQ/10/2009 A/IRQ/15/2009 A/IRQ/12/2009 A/IRQ/9/2009 A/IRQ/24/2009 A/LIB/1/2009 A/LIB/2/2009
A/AFG/7/2007 A/IRN/36/2007 A/IRN/37/2007
A/IRN/2/2002 (EU414527) A/IRN/7/2003 (EU414528)
A/IRN/32/2001 A/IRN/34/2001 (EU414526)
A/IRN/10/2003 (EU414529) A/PAK/28/2002 (EU414534) A/PAK/9/2003 (EU414535)
Iran-87 Iran-99
A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777) A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)
A/IND/17/77* (AF204108) A22/IRQ/24/64 (AJ251474) A/BHU/41/2002 (EU414525)
A/BHU/7/2003 OS A/MEU/49/03* (EF120401)
A/BHU/27/2003 A/APR/51/05* (EF120400)
A/APS/44/05* (EF120402) A/APS/68/05* (EF120403)
A/SAU/23/86 (EU414536)
Iran-96
ASIA topotype
EURO-SA topotype AFRICA topotype
1 00
73
1 0 0
1 00
1 00
1 0 0
10 0
88
72
10 0
10 0
99
8 0
1 00
92
98
1 0 0
10 0
10 0
9 8
1 00
1 0 0
9 5
1 0 0
9 7
99
9 2
8 8
73
1 00
1 00
99
87
8 1
0.02
Serotype ASerotype A: A/LIB/09: A/LIB/09
A/LIB/09A/LIB/09
IranIran
-- 0505
AS
IA top
otype
AS
IA top
otype
Serotype ASerotype A: A/IRN/09: A/IRN/09
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� 27 samples received on 26th of February 2009
� A-Iran-05 strain have been sequenced from isolates
� A/IRN/09 related with
A/BAR/09 (98.59-98.9% identity)
A/AFG/07 (98.28-98.59% identity)
A/IRQ/09 (99.84-100% identity)
A/IRN/30/2005 A/TUR/324/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/IRN/40/2005 A/IRN/50/2005
A/AFG/130/2004* (EF457980) A/AFG/131/2004* (EF457981)
A/IRN/41/2003 A/IRN/7/2004 (EU414530)
A/PAK/5/2006 A/IRN/38/2007 A/IRN/39/2007
A/IRN/3/2007 A/IRN/15/2007
A/IRN/1/2008 A/IRN/5/2008
A/IRN/4/2009 A/IRN/17/2009
A/IRN/15/2009 A/IRN/26/2009
A/IRN/1/2009 A/IRN/20/2009
A/IRN/9/2009 A/BAR/2/2009 A/BAR/4/2009
A/IRN/4/2008 A/AFG/6/2007
A/AFG/44/2007 A/IRN/5/2009 A/IRN/25/2009 A/IRN/6/2009 A/IRN/3/2009 A/IRN/27/2009 A/IRN/23/2009 A/IRN/24/2009
A/IRN/8/2009 A/IRN/19/2009 A/IRN/18/2009 A/IRN/10/2009 A/IRN/13/2009
A/KUW/3/2009 A/BAR/6/2008 A/BAR/7/2008
A/IRN/11/2009 A/IRN/12/2009
A/IRQ/22/2009 A/IRQ/23/2009
A/KUW/5/2009 A/IRN/16/2009
A/KUW/4/2009 A/KUW/6/2009 A/IRN/2/2009 A/IRQ/15/2009 A/IRN/29/2009 A/IRQ/11/2009 A/IRQ/17/2009 A/IRQ/9/2009 A/IRN/22/2009 A/IRQ/21/2009 A/IRQ/10/2009 A/IRQ/19/2009 A/KUW/1/2009 A/KUW/2/2009 A/IRQ/12/2009 A/IRN/21/2009
A/IRQ/24/2009 A/IRN/28/2009 A/LIB/1/2009 A/LIB/2/2009
A/AFG/7/2007
ASIA
9 8
99
9 9
9 9
9 9
78
9 8
9 5
9 4
8 1
9 9
9 6
9 9
9 2
9 3
7 3
9 9
8 1
IranIran
-- 0505
AS
IA top
otype
AS
IA top
otype
Serotype ASerotype A: A/IRN/09: A/IRN/09
A/IRN/30/2005 A/TUR/324/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/IRN/40/2005 A/IRN/50/2005
A/AFG/130/2004* (EF457980) A/AFG/131/2004* (EF457981)
A/IRN/41/2003 A/IRN/7/2004 (EU414530)
A/PAK/5/2006 A/IRN/38/2007 A/IRN/39/2007
A/IRN/3/2007 A/IRN/15/2007
A/IRN/1/2008 A/IRN/5/2008
A/IRN/4/2009 A/IRN/17/2009
A/IRN/15/2009 A/IRN/26/2009
A/IRN/1/2009 A/IRN/20/2009
A/IRN/9/2009 A/BAR/2/2009 A/BAR/4/2009
A/IRN/4/2008 A/AFG/6/2007
A/AFG/44/2007 A/IRN/5/2009 A/IRN/25/2009 A/IRN/6/2009 A/IRN/3/2009 A/IRN/27/2009 A/IRN/23/2009 A/IRN/24/2009
A/IRN/8/2009 A/IRN/19/2009 A/IRN/18/2009 A/IRN/10/2009 A/IRN/13/2009
A/KUW/3/2009 A/BAR/6/2008 A/BAR/7/2008
A/IRN/11/2009 A/IRN/12/2009
A/IRQ/22/2009 A/IRQ/23/2009
A/KUW/5/2009 A/IRN/16/2009
A/KUW/4/2009 A/KUW/6/2009 A/IRN/2/2009 A/IRQ/15/2009 A/IRN/29/2009 A/IRQ/11/2009 A/IRQ/17/2009 A/IRQ/9/2009 A/IRN/22/2009 A/IRQ/21/2009 A/IRQ/10/2009 A/IRQ/19/2009 A/KUW/1/2009 A/KUW/2/2009 A/IRQ/12/2009 A/IRN/21/2009
A/IRQ/24/2009 A/IRN/28/2009 A/LIB/1/2009 A/LIB/2/2009
A/AFG/7/2007
ASIA
9 8
99
9 9
9 9
9 9
78
9 8
9 5
9 4
8 1
9 9
9 6
9 9
9 2
9 3
7 3
9 9
8 1
A/PAK/5/2006 A/IRN/38/2007 A/IRN/39/2007
A/IRN/3/2007 A/IRN/15/2007
A/IRN/1/2008 A/IRN/5/2008
A/IRN/4/2009 A/IRN/17/2009
A/IRN/15/2009 A/IRN/26/2009
A/IRN/1/2009 A/IRN/20/2009
A/IRN/9/2009 A/BAR/2/2009 A/BAR/4/2009
A/IRN/4/2008 A/AFG/6/2007
A/AFG/44/2007 A/IRN/5/2009
A/IRN/25/2009 A/IRN/6/2009
A/IRN/3/2009 A/IRN/27/2009
A/IRN/23/2009 A/IRN/24/2009
A/IRN/8/2009 A/IRN/19/2009 A/IRN/18/2009
A/IRN/10/2009 A/IRN/13/2009
A/KUW/3/2009 A/BAR/6/2008
A/BAR/7/2008 A/IRN/11/2009 A/IRN/12/2009
A/IRQ/22/2009 A/IRQ/23/2009
A/KUW/5/2009 A/IRN/16/2009
A/KUW/4/2009 A/KUW/6/2009 A/IRN/2/2009 A/IRQ/15/2009 A/IRN/29/2009 A/IRQ/11/2009 A/IRQ/17/2009 A/IRQ/9/2009 A/IRN/22/2009 A/IRQ/21/2009 A/IRQ/10/2009 A/IRQ/19/2009
A/KUW/1/2009 A/KUW/2/2009
A/IRQ/12/2009 A/IRN/21/2009
A/IRQ/24/2009 A/IRN/28/2009 A/LIB/1/2009 A/LIB/2/2009
9 99 9
9 99 2
7 8
9 9
9 5
96
9 3
8 1
9 8
9 4
9 9
IranIran
-- 0505
AS
IA top
otype
AS
IA top
otype
Serotype ASerotype A: A/LEB/09: A/LEB/09
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� 7 samples received on 24th of March 2009
� A-Iran-05 strain have been sequenced from isolates
� A/LEB/09 related with
A/IRN/09 (99.37% identity)
A/IRQ/09 (99.37% identity)
Serotype ASerotype A: A/LEB/09: A/LEB/09 Serotype ASerotype A: A/TUR/09: A/TUR/09
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� 4 samples received on 09th of March 2009
� A-Iran-05 strain have been sequenced from isolates
A/IRN/05ARD-07 sub-lineage (3 samples)
A/IRN/05EZM-07 sub-lineage (1 sample)
� A/TUR/09 related with
A/TUR/08 (98.59% identity)
A/TUR/07 (98.12% identity)
ARD-07
A/TUR/19/2008 A/TUR/5/2007
A/TUR/7/2007 A/TUR/16/2006
A/TUR/25/2007 A/TUR/9/2006 A/TUR/14/2006
A/TUR/8/2006 A/TUR/10/2006
A/TUR/7/2006 A/TUR/17/2006
A/TUR/8/2007 A/TUR/10/2007 A/TUR/18/2006
A/TUR/24/2007 A/JOR/2/2006 A/JOR/3/2006
A/JOR/4/2006 A/TUR/11/2005
A/TUR/4/2006 A/IRN/38/2005 A/IRN/39/2005 A/TUR/6/2006 A/TUR/20/2006
A/TUR/798/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) EZM-07
A/TUR/6/2005 A/TUR/12/2007
A/TUR/7/2005 A/TUR/10/2005 A/TUR/9/2005 A/TUR/12/2005 A/TUR/2/2006 A/TUR/3/2006 A/TUR/1/2006 (EU553878) A/IRN/31/2005
A/TUR/2/2007 A/TUR/241/2006* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/11/2006 A/TUR/19/2006
A/IRN/42/2005 A/IRN/7/2006
A/TUR/12/2006 A/IRN/26/2005
A/IRN/33/2005 A/IRN/16/2005 A/IRN/10/2005 A/IRN/13/2005
A/IRN/14/2005 A/IRN/18/2005
A/IRN/43/2005 A/IRN/29/2005
A/IRN/55/2005 A/IRN/28/2005
A/IRN/54/2005 A/IRN/51/2005 A/IRN/51/2005 (FMDI-Ankara)
A/IRN/5/2005
9 9
9 8
9 8
9 8
99
9 9
7 2
IranIran
-- 0505
AS
IA top
otype
AS
IA top
otype
ARD-07
A/TUR/19/2008 A/TUR/5/2007
A/TUR/7/2007 A/TUR/16/2006
A/TUR/25/2007 A/TUR/9/2006 A/TUR/14/2006
A/TUR/8/2006 A/TUR/10/2006
A/TUR/7/2006 A/TUR/17/2006
A/TUR/8/2007 A/TUR/10/2007 A/TUR/18/2006
A/TUR/24/2007 A/JOR/2/2006 A/JOR/3/2006
A/JOR/4/2006 A/TUR/11/2005
A/TUR/4/2006 A/IRN/38/2005 A/IRN/39/2005 A/TUR/6/2006 A/TUR/20/2006
A/TUR/798/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) EZM-07
A/TUR/6/2005 A/TUR/12/2007
A/TUR/7/2005 A/TUR/10/2005 A/TUR/9/2005 A/TUR/12/2005 A/TUR/2/2006 A/TUR/3/2006 A/TUR/1/2006 (EU553878) A/IRN/31/2005
A/TUR/2/2007 A/TUR/241/2006* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/11/2006 A/TUR/19/2006
A/IRN/42/2005 A/IRN/7/2006
A/TUR/12/2006 A/IRN/26/2005
A/IRN/33/2005 A/IRN/16/2005 A/IRN/10/2005 A/IRN/13/2005
A/IRN/14/2005 A/IRN/18/2005
A/IRN/43/2005 A/IRN/29/2005
A/IRN/55/2005 A/IRN/28/2005
A/IRN/54/2005 A/IRN/51/2005 A/IRN/51/2005 (FMDI-Ankara)
A/IRN/5/2005
9 9
9 8
9 8
9 8
99
9 9
7 2
Serotype ASerotype A: A/TUR/09: A/TUR/09 A/TUR/37/2008
A/Nevsehir/TUR/96/2008* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/28/2008 A/Sivas/TUR/145/2008* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/32/2008 A/Sivas/TUR/130/2008* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/1009/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/3/2008 A/TUR/29/2008
A/TUR/13/2008 A/TUR/17/2008
A/Samsun/TUR/100/2008* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/2/2008
A/TUR/7/2009 A/TUR/925/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/981/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/Samsun/TUR/53/2008* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/1018/2007* (FMDI-Ankara) A/TUR/1/2008
A/TUR/12/2008 A/TUR/14/2008 A/TUR/18/2008
A/TUR/23/2008 A/Istanbul/TUR/36/2008* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/24/2008 A/TUR/22/2008 A/Yozgat/TUR/25/2008* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/39/2008
ARD-07
A/TUR/19/2008
7 4
9 3
9 9
0.005
A/TUR/20/2006
A/TUR/798/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/33/2008
A/TUR/195/2008* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/859/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)
A/TUR/40/2008
A/TUR/6/2009* (FMDI-Ankara)
EZM-07
9 7
9 9
9 8
0.002
IranIran
-- 0505
AS
IA top
otype
AS
IA top
otype
1%
A/ARG/1/2001A/BRA/1/2001
A/URU/1/2001A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 [AJ251476]
A5/Allier/FRA/60 [AY593780]A/EGY/1/2006A/EGY/2/2006
A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]
A/ETH/7/92A/ETH/23/94
A/ETH/1/94A/YEM/2/98
A/UGA/13/66A/SUD/1/82A/K37/84*
A/UGA/20/76A/K35/80*
A/KEN/6/96 [K15/96]A/ERI/3/97
A/ERI/3/98A/K49/84*
A/UGA/1/2002A/GAM/44/98A/SEN/34/97
A/MAI/2/97A/MAU/3/97
A/EGY/1/72A/K5/80*
A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002
A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/78/2000* [AF390664]
A/IND/60/2000* [AF390656]A/IND/104/2000* [AF390592]A/IND/192/2000* [AF390619]
A/IND/53/2000* [AF390654]A/IND/67/2000* [AF390658]
A/IND/24/2001* [AF390624]A/IND/126/2000* [AF390599]A/IND/128/2000* [AF390600]A/IND/172/2000* [AF390614]A/IND/38/2000* [AF390643]
A/IND/84/2000* [AF390668]A/IRN/33/2004
A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003
A/IRQ/2/2002A/IRQ/100/2002A/IRQ/99/2002
A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/59/2002A/IRQ/33/2002
A/IRQ/60/2002A/IRQ/107/2002A/IRQ/108/2002
A/IRN/32/2004A/IRN/17/2005
A/IRN/1/96A/TUR/2/2003
A/TUR/14/2002A/TUR/4/2003
A/SYR/5/2002A/TUR/17/2001
A/IND/17/77* [AF204108]A22/IRQ/24/64 [AJ251474]
A/TAI/118/87* [D]A/MAY/2/2002A/TAI/7/2002
A/TAI/8/2003A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003
A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003
A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003
A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001
A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001A/TAI/2/2002A/IND/68/2001* [AF390659]
A/IND/7/82 [1980]A/WBN 17/82* [A/IND/490/97*] [AF390652]
A/IND/17/82* [IndImm]A/IRN/87
A/SAU/41/91A/IRN/22/99
A/TUR/5/2003A/IRN/10/2003
A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003
A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001
A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003
A/IRN/41/2003A/IRN/7/2004A/IRN/7/2005
A/SAU/15/2005A/SAU/16/2005A/IRN/4/2005
A/IRN/1/2005A/IRN/2/2005
A/IRN/5/2005A/TUR/2/2006
A/TUR/1/2006A/TUR/3/2006
A/IRN/13/2005A/IRN/10/2005
A/IRN/14/2005A/IRN/18/2005
A/IRN/16/2005
Asia
Euro-SA
Africa
Serotype ASerotype A: A/EGY/06: A/EGY/06A/EGY/06A/EGY/06
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� VP1 sequences
� All closely related (max ~ 5% difference)
� >90% identity with
A/KEN/98
A/ETH/92
A/KEN/05
� Spread from East Africa?
• Possible introduction through the trade inlive cattle from Ethiopia (via sea-route)
• Lumpy Skin Disease detected at Egyptian quarantine posts confirms this theory
(2005 LSD outbreak in Ethiopia)
1%
A/ARG/1/2001A/BRA/1/2001
A/URU/1/2001A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 [AJ251476]
A5/Allier/FRA/60 [AY593780]A/EGY/1/2006A/EGY/2/2006
A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]
A/ETH/7/92A/ETH/23/94
A/ETH/1/94A/YEM/2/98
A/UGA/13/66A/SUD/1/82A/K37/84*
A/UGA/20/76A/K35/80*
A/KEN/6/96 [K15/96]A/ERI/3/97
A/ERI/3/98A/K49/84*
A/UGA/1/2002A/GAM/44/98A/SEN/34/97
A/MAI/2/97A/MAU/3/97
A/EGY/1/72A/K5/80*
A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002
A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/78/2000* [AF390664]
A/IND/60/2000* [AF390656]A/IND/104/2000* [AF390592]A/IND/192/2000* [AF390619]
A/IND/53/2000* [AF390654]A/IND/67/2000* [AF390658]
A/IND/24/2001* [AF390624]A/IND/126/2000* [AF390599]A/IND/128/2000* [AF390600]A/IND/172/2000* [AF390614]A/IND/38/2000* [AF390643]
A/IND/84/2000* [AF390668]A/IRN/33/2004
A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003
A/IRQ/2/2002A/IRQ/100/2002A/IRQ/99/2002
A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/59/2002A/IRQ/33/2002
A/IRQ/60/2002A/IRQ/107/2002A/IRQ/108/2002
A/IRN/32/2004A/IRN/17/2005
A/IRN/1/96A/TUR/2/2003
A/TUR/14/2002A/TUR/4/2003
A/SYR/5/2002A/TUR/17/2001
A/IND/17/77* [AF204108]A22/IRQ/24/64 [AJ251474]
A/TAI/118/87* [D]A/MAY/2/2002A/TAI/7/2002
A/TAI/8/2003A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003
A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003
A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003
A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001
A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001A/TAI/2/2002A/IND/68/2001* [AF390659]
A/IND/7/82 [1980]A/WBN 17/82* [A/IND/490/97*] [AF390652]
A/IND/17/82* [IndImm]A/IRN/87
A/SAU/41/91A/IRN/22/99
A/TUR/5/2003A/IRN/10/2003
A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003
A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001
A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003
A/IRN/41/2003A/IRN/7/2004A/IRN/7/2005
A/SAU/15/2005A/SAU/16/2005A/IRN/4/2005
A/IRN/1/2005A/IRN/2/2005
A/IRN/5/2005A/TUR/2/2006
A/TUR/1/2006A/TUR/3/2006
A/IRN/13/2005A/IRN/10/2005
A/IRN/14/2005A/IRN/18/2005
A/IRN/16/2005
Asia
Euro-SA
Africa
Serotype ASerotype A: A/EGY/06: A/EGY/06A/EGY/06A/EGY/06
�� TOT of 34 outbreaks34 outbreaks
�� 96.7%96.7% cases in cattle
�� Mortality rate
3.8%3.8% cattle (425 mainly calves)
3.0%3.0% buffalo (12)
�� No events reported before Jul 06Jul 06
Bivalent vaccine releasedBivalent vaccine released(O1 + A/EGY/06)(O1 + A/EGY/06)
A/EGY/06 outbreaks timeA/EGY/06 outbreaks time--lineline
IsmailiaIsmailia
Jan 2006Jan 2006
AlexandriaAlexandria
Feb 2006Feb 2006
BeheraBehera
Feb 2006Feb 2006
CairoCairo
Feb 2006Feb 2006
DakahilaDakahila
Feb 2006Feb 2006DumyatDumyat
Feb 2006Feb 2006
FayumFayum
Feb 2006Feb 2006
MenofiaMenofia
Feb 2006Feb 2006
KalubiaKalubia
Apr 2006Apr 2006
A/EGY/1/2006 (EF208757) A/EGY/2/2006 (EF208758)
A/EGY/4/2006 (EF208760) A/EGY/3/2006 (EF208759) A/EGY/5/2006 (EF208761)
A/EGY/3/2009 A/EGY/7/2009 A/EGY/9/2009
A/KEN/29/2005 (EF208773) A/ETH/9/2008
A/ETH/4/2007 A/ETH/7/2008 A/ETH/8/2008
A/KEN/15/98 (EF208774) A/KEN/16/98A (EF208775) A/ETH/23/94 (EF208767)
A/ETH/7/92 (EF208765) A/ETH/1/94 (EF208766)
A/KEN/12/2005 (K44/2005) A/KEN/3/2006
A/KEN/7/2008 A/KEN/8/2008
A/EGY/1/72 (EF208756) A21/Lumbwa/KEN/64 (AY593761)
A/CAR/15/2000 (EF208755) A/SUD/1/2006
A/SUD/3/2006 A/GAM/44/98 (EF208768) A/MAI/2/97 (EF208776)
AFRICA
A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 (AY593755) A/ARG/2000 (AY593782)
A/Trenquelauquen/ARG/2001 (AY593786) A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 (AJ251476)
A5/Allier/FRA/60 (AY593780) A10/HOL/42 (M20715)
A12/UK/119/32 (AY593752)
EURO-SA
A23/Kitale/KEN/64 (AY593766) A/IRN/1/96 (EF208771)
A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777) A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)
A/IND/17/77* (AF204108) A22/IRQ/24/64 (AJ251474)
A/IRN/2/87 (EF208770) A/IRN/1/2005 (EF208769)
A/IRN/22/99 (EF208772)
ASIA
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
9 9
1 0 0
9 9
9 5
9 9
7 5
7 2
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
9 8
1 0 0
1 0 0
8 5
9 5
7 5 7 8
9 0
9 5
0.02
Serotype ASerotype A: A/EGY/09: A/EGY/09
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� VP1 sequences
� Close related to A/EGY/06 (95.5% identity)
�� Change in 4 aminoacids
VP1 B-C loop (site 3)
VP1 G-H loop (site 1)
� Persistence of African type A virus
spread in 2006 and evolved until 2009
�� Started on 22/01/09 (O)22/01/09 (O)
26/01/09 (A)26/01/09 (A)
�� 2 serotype2 serotype involved in
2 different location
� 369 cases369 cases reported (3/03)
A/EGY/09 outbreak timeA/EGY/09 outbreak time--lineline
Serotype O
Serotype A
DamanhourDamanhour
Jan 2009Jan 2009
Abo HamadAbo Hamad
Feb 2009Feb 2009
Menea ElkhamMenea Elkham
Jan 2009Jan 2009
ElEl--HarakyHaraky farm cases timefarm cases time--plot analysisplot analysis�� 1529 animals / 363 cases (23.74% 23.74% ARAR)
� 175 cases only in Dairy Cows (12.14% 12.14% II) before 14/03
� 188 cases in all animals (17.72% 17.72% II) after 14/03, but only few new cases in DC
A/EGY/09 outbreak timeA/EGY/09 outbreak time--linelineO/ IRN/60/2006
O/IRN/64/2006O/UAE/1/2007O/UAE/2/2007
O/IRN/59/2006O/IRN/47/2006O/IRN/58/2006
O/ IRN/26/2007O/IRN/44/2006
O/IRN/28/2006O/IRN/42/2006
O/IRN/24/2006O/IRN/30/2006
O/IRN/16/2006O/IRN/27/2006
O/IRN/31/2006O/ IRN/17/2006
O/TUR/731/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/IRN/18/2006O/IRN/21/2006
O/IRN/26/2006O/ IRN/61/2006O/IRN/28/2007O/IRN/29/2007
O/IRN/19/20 06O/IRN/14/2006O/IRN/34/2007
O/IRN/12/2006O/ IRN/13/2006
O/IRN/46/2006O/IRN/10/20 06O/IRN/8/200 6O/IRN/9/200 6
O/ IRN/23/2006O/IRN/34/2006
O/IRN/20/20 06O/TUR/18/2007
O/TUR/30/2007O/IRN/39/2006
O/TUR/14/2007O/ IRN/30/2007
O/ IRN/51/2006O/IRN/38/2006O/TUR/15/2007O/TUR/23/2007
O/TUR/16/2007O/SAU/1/2007O/SAU/4/2007O/JOR/7/2006
O/JOR/5/2006O/ ISR/1/2007
O/ISR/3/2007O/ISR/5/2007
O/ ISR/9/2007O/ ISR/7/2007
O/JOR/6/2006O/TUR/4/2007
O/TUR/1/2007O/ TUR/3/2007
O/ TUR/28/2007O/ TUR/29/2007
O/TUR/285/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/ IRN/32/2006
O/ IRN/35/2006O/IRN/33/2007
O/IRN/48/2006O/ IRN/48/2006-ring trial (FMDI-Ankara)
O/IRN/49/2006O/IRN/15/2006O/IRN/37/2006
O/IRN/55/2006
O/ IRN/60/2006O/IRN/64/2006
O/UAE/1/2007O/UAE/2/2007
O/IRN/59/2006O/IRN/47/2006O/IRN/58/2006
O/ IRN/26/2007O/IRN/44/2006
O/IRN/28/2006O/IRN/42/2006
O/IRN/24/2006O/IRN/30/2006
O/IRN/16/2006O/IRN/27/2006
O/IRN/31/2006O/ IRN/17/2006
O/TUR/731/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/IRN/18/2006O/IRN/21/2006
O/IRN/26/2006O/ IRN/61/2006O/IRN/28/2007O/IRN/29/2007
O/IRN/19/20 06O/IRN/14/2006O/IRN/34/2007
O/IRN/12/2006O/ IRN/13/2006
O/IRN/46/2006O/IRN/10/20 06O/IRN/8/200 6O/IRN/9/200 6
O/ IRN/23/2006O/IRN/34/2006
O/IRN/20/20 06O/TUR/18/2007
O/TUR/30/2007O/IRN/39/2006
O/TUR/14/2007O/ IRN/30/2007
O/ IRN/51/2006O/IRN/38/2006O/TUR/15/2007O/TUR/23/2007
O/TUR/16/2007O/SAU/1/2007O/SAU/4/2007O/JOR/7/2006
O/JOR/5/2006O/ ISR/1/2007
O/ISR/3/2007O/ISR/5/2007
O/ ISR/9/2007O/ ISR/7/2007
O/JOR/6/2006O/TUR/4/2007
O/TUR/1/2007O/ TUR/3/2007
O/ TUR/28/2007O/ TUR/29/2007
O/TUR/285/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)O/ IRN/32/2006
O/ IRN/35/2006O/IRN/33/2007
O/IRN/48/2006O/ IRN/48/2006-ring trial (FMDI-Ankara)
O/IRN/49/2006O/IRN/15/2006O/IRN/37/2006
O/IRN/55/2006O/TUR/27/2007O/TUR/600/2007* (FMDI-Ankara)
O/TUR/6/2007O/IRN/33/2006O/TUR/9/2007O/TUR/20/2007
O/ TUR/11/2007O/TUR/1423/2006* (FMDI-Ankara)
O/TUR/13/ 2007O/ IRN/52/2006
O/IRN/56/2006O/IRN/45/2006
O/IRN/29/2006O/IRN/43/2006O/IRN/11/2006O/ IRN/50/2006O/IRN/53/2006
O/KAZ/2007 (ARRIAH)O/PAK/4/2006O/PAK/8/2006
O/PAK/1 1/2006O/IRN/25/2006
O/AFG/34/2007O/A FG/36/2007
O/IRN/22/2006O/AFG/29/2007
O/AFG/42/2007O/ IRN/27/2007
O/IRN/31/2007O/IRN/32/2007
O/MAY/6/2003 (DQ165058)O/MAY/7/2003
O/MAY/3/20 04O/MAY/2/2004
O/MAY/4/2005O/MAY/7/2005
O/NEP/4/2003 (DQ165059)O/BHU/48/2003
O/BHU/49/2003 (DQ164867)O/NEP/5/2003 (DQ165060)
O/NEP/6/2003 (DQ165061)O/NEP/2/2003
O/IRN/8/200 5O/IRN/21/2005
O/IRN/9/2005O/IRN/23/2005O/ IRN/12/2005
O/PAK/9/2005O/PAK/13/2005O/BHU/33/2004 (DQ165046)
O/BHU/39/2004 (DQ164870)O/BHU/30/2004 (DQ16504 5)O/BHU/26/2004 (DQ165043)
O/BHU/28/2004 (DQ165 044)O/BHU/18/2007O/BHU/11/2007O/BHU/12/2007
O/ IND/151/01* (IVRI)
99
99
99
99
9996
99
97
99
73
78
93
73
93
91
97
99
99
99
75
98
76
89
97
93
84
79
74
90
79
PanAsia IIPanAsia II
PanAsiaPanAsia
Serotype OSerotype O: PanAsia II: PanAsia II
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� First recorded in 2003 in India (Hemadri et al., 2008)
� VP1 sequences
� All closely related to each other (max ~ 5% difference)
� Within ME-SA topotype
� Distinct from earlier PanAsia lineage
� Spread to the East?
2007-08 samples from Bhutan sequenced
PanAsia-2 lineage in 7 isolates
PanAsia II isolates (2006PanAsia II isolates (2006--09)09)
Iran (2006-09)
Israel (2007)
Saudi Arabia (2007-08)
Turkey (2007-09)
UAE (2007-09)
Pakistan (2007-08)
Bahrain (2008)
Kuwait (2008)
Egypt (2007)
Bhutan (2007-08)
Malaysia (since 2003)
PanAsia II outbreaks timePanAsia II outbreaks time--linelineJanJan
20072007--0909
Summer Summer
20072007SummerSummer
2007 & 20082007 & 2008
JanJan
20082008
JanJan
2007 & 20082007 & 2008SummerSummer
2007 & 20082007 & 2008
Late 2006Late 2006
EarlyEarly--mid 2007mid 2007 EarlyEarly--mid 2006mid 2006
& 2007, 2009& 2007, 2009
Jan Jan
20072007
Serotype OSerotype O: O/IRN/09: O/IRN/09
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� 2 samples received on 26th of February 2009
� PanAsia-2 strain have been sequenced from isolates
� O/IRN/09 related with
O/IRN/07 (98.44% identity)
O/PAK/07 (98.44% identity)
O/PAK/06 (98.44% identity)
O/IRN/56/2006 O/IRN/50/2006 O/IRN/53/2006
O/IRN/11/2006 O/IRN/29/2006 O/IRN/43/2006
O/IRN/45/2006
PAK 2007 O/AFG/29/2007
O/AFG/42/2007 O/IRN/22/2006
O/PAK/4/2006 O/PAK/8/2006
O/PAK/11/2006 O/IRN/25/2006
O/AFG/34/2007 O/AFG/36/2007
O/PAK/20/2007 O/PAK/5/2007
O/PAK/31/2007
PAK 2007; IRN 2007; BAR, KUW, SAU 2008
PAK 2007-8 O/PAK/48/2007
MAY 2003-5 IRN 2005
O/IND/136/01* (PD-FMD) PAK 2007-8
BHU 2007 O/PAK/32/2007
O/PAK/34/2007 O/PAK/33/2007
O/PAK/66/2007 (A)(FJ798184) O/IRN/14/2009
O/IRN/7/2009 O/PAK/21/2007 O/PAK/56/2007 (FJ798180) O/PAK/15/2007 O/PAK/7/2007 O/PAK/8/2007 O/PAK/63/2007 (FJ798183) O/PAK/60/2007 (FJ798181) O/PAK/61/2007 (FJ798182)
SAU 2005; KUW 2006
ISR 2005-6; TUR 2005 O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)
O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477)
O/ISR/2/88 (DQ164899) CATHAY EURO-SA
1 0 0
9 9
1 0 0
1 0 0
9 9
7 48 6
9 8
1 0 0
1 0 0
7 8
1 0 0
9 9
9 5
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 0
7 7
8 0
7 4
0.02
Pan
Asia
Pan
Asia
-- 22
Serotype OSerotype O: O/IRN/09: O/IRN/09
O/IRN/56/2006 O/IRN/50/2006 O/IRN/53/2006
O/IRN/11/2006 O/IRN/29/2006 O/IRN/43/2006
O/IRN/45/2006
PAK 2007 O/AFG/29/2007
O/AFG/42/2007 O/IRN/22/2006
O/PAK/4/2006 O/PAK/8/2006
O/PAK/11/2006 O/IRN/25/2006
O/AFG/34/2007 O/AFG/36/2007
O/PAK/20/2007 O/PAK/5/2007
O/PAK/31/2007
PAK 2007; IRN 2007; BAR, KUW, SAU 2008
PAK 2007-8 O/PAK/48/2007
MAY 2003-5 IRN 2005
O/IND/136/01* (PD-FMD) PAK 2007-8
BHU 2007 O/PAK/32/2007
O/PAK/34/2007 O/PAK/33/2007
O/PAK/66/2007 (A)(FJ798184) O/IRN/14/2009
O/IRN/7/2009 O/PAK/21/2007 O/PAK/56/2007 (FJ798180) O/PAK/15/2007 O/PAK/7/2007 O/PAK/8/2007 O/PAK/63/2007 (FJ798183) O/PAK/60/2007 (FJ798181) O/PAK/61/2007 (FJ798182)
SAU 2005; KUW 2006
ISR 2005-6; TUR 2005 O/IND/53/79 (AF292107)
O/IND/R2/75* (AF204276) O1/Manisa/TUR/69 (AJ251477)
O/ISR/2/88 (DQ164899) CATHAY EURO-SA
1 0 0
9 9
1 0 0
1 0 0
9 9
7 48 6
9 8
1 0 0
1 0 0
7 8
1 0 0
9 9
9 5
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 0
7 7
8 0
7 4
0.02
O/PAK/32/2007 O/PAK/34/2007
O/PAK/33/2007 O/PAK/66/2007 (A)(FJ798184)
O/IRN/14/2009 O/IRN/7/2009
O/PAK/21/2007 O/PAK/56/2007 (FJ798180) O/PAK/15/2007
O/PAK/7/2007 O/PAK/8/2007
O/PAK/63/2007 (FJ798183) O/PAK/60/2007 (FJ798181) O/PAK/61/2007 (FJ798182)
1 0 0
7 4
8 6
7 8
0.002
Pan
Asia
Pan
Asia
-- 22
Serotype OSerotype O: O/TUR/09: O/TUR/09
Phylogenetic analysisPhylogenetic analysis
� 8 samples received on 09th of March 2009
� PanAsia-2 strain have been sequenced from isolates
� O/TUR/09 related with
O/PAK 23.1 8 (97.93% identity)
O/IRN/07 (97.81% identity)
O/TUR/30/2008 O/Bursa/TUR/126/2008* (FMDI)
O/IRN/39/2006 O/TUR/14/2007
O/IRN/30/2007 O/KUW/9/2008
O/IRN/51/2006 O/IRN/38/2006 O/TUR/15/2007 O/TUR/23/2007
O/TUR/16/2007 SAU 2007 O/JOR/7/2006 (FJ561318)
O/Balikesir/TUR/1/2008* (FMDI) O/JOR/5/2006
O/ISR/1/2007 (FJ561312) O/ISR/3/2007 (FJ561313)
ISR 2007 JOR 2006; TUR 2007
O/Kirsehir/TUR/1032/2007* (FMDI) O/TUR/16/2008
O/TUR/9/2008 O/TUR/10/2008
O/IRN/32/2006 O/IRN/35/2006
O/TUR/4/2009 O/TUR/5/2009
O/TUR/36/2008 O/TUR/6/2009 O/TUR/35/2008
O/TUR/38/2008 O/TUR/313/2008* (FMDI)
O/TUR/2/2009 O/TUR/3/2009 O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI)
O/IRN/33/2007 O/IRN/48/2006 O/IRN/49/2006
O/IRN/55/2006 O/IRN/37/2006
O/IRN/15/2006 O/TUR/5/2008
O/TUR/9/2007 O/Kutahya/TUR/19/2008* (FMDI)
O/TUR/27/2007 O/TUR/600/2007* (FMDI) O/TUR/6/2007
O/IRN/33/2006 O/TUR/20/2007
O/TUR/11/2007 O/TUR/1423/2006* (FMDI)
O/TUR/13/2007 O/IRN/52/2006
O/IRN/56/2006 O/IRN/50/2006 O/IRN/53/2006
O/IRN/11/2006 O/IRN/29/2006 O/IRN/43/2006
PanAsia-2
8 6
7 5
1 0 0
7 01 0 0
8 7
7 4
9 4
7 5
9 7
9 2
8 4
7 2
8 1
Serotype OSerotype O: O/TUR/09: O/TUR/09
O/TUR/30/2008 O/Bursa/TUR/126/2008* (FMDI)
O/IRN/39/2006 O/TUR/14/2007
O/IRN/30/2007 O/KUW/9/2008
O/IRN/51/2006 O/IRN/38/2006 O/TUR/15/2007 O/TUR/23/2007
O/TUR/16/2007 SAU 2007 O/JOR/7/2006 (FJ561318)
O/Balikesir/TUR/1/2008* (FMDI) O/JOR/5/2006
O/ISR/1/2007 (FJ561312) O/ISR/3/2007 (FJ561313)
ISR 2007 JOR 2006; TUR 2007
O/Kirsehir/TUR/1032/2007* (FMDI) O/TUR/16/2008
O/TUR/9/2008 O/TUR/10/2008
O/IRN/32/2006 O/IRN/35/2006
O/TUR/4/2009 O/TUR/5/2009
O/TUR/36/2008 O/TUR/6/2009 O/TUR/35/2008
O/TUR/38/2008 O/TUR/313/2008* (FMDI)
O/TUR/2/2009 O/TUR/3/2009 O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI)
O/IRN/33/2007 O/IRN/48/2006 O/IRN/49/2006
O/IRN/55/2006 O/IRN/37/2006
O/IRN/15/2006 O/TUR/5/2008
O/TUR/9/2007 O/Kutahya/TUR/19/2008* (FMDI)
O/TUR/27/2007 O/TUR/600/2007* (FMDI) O/TUR/6/2007
O/IRN/33/2006 O/TUR/20/2007
O/TUR/11/2007 O/TUR/1423/2006* (FMDI)
O/TUR/13/2007 O/IRN/52/2006
O/IRN/56/2006 O/IRN/50/2006 O/IRN/53/2006
O/IRN/11/2006 O/IRN/29/2006 O/IRN/43/2006
PanAsia-2
8 6
7 5
1 0 0
7 01 0 0
8 7
7 4
9 4
7 5
9 7
9 2
8 4
7 2
8 1
O/TUR/4/2009 O/TUR/5/2009
O/TUR/36/2008 O/TUR/6/2009 O/TUR/35/2008
O/TUR/38/2008 O/TUR/313/2008* (FMDI)
O/TUR/2/2009 O/TUR/3/2009
O/TUR/257/2008* (FMDI) O/IRN/33/2007
7 5
8 6
1 0 0
0.002
Risk MapsRisk Maps
A/EGY/06 PanAsia IIA/IRN/05
EuropeEurope
Gulf StatesGulf States
continuing...continuing...
NewNew
introductionsintroductions
North North
AfricaAfrica
RussiaRussia
ChinaChina
VietnamVietnam
LaosLaos
Vaccine recommendationsVaccine recommendations
FIELD ISOLATE VACCINE STRAIN
A22 IRQ A TUR 06 A IRN 96 A IRN 99
A/IRN/36/07 0.21 0.39 0.14 0.23
A/IRN/39/07 0.13 0.69 0.14 0.30
A/IRN1/08 0.15 0.74
A/TUR/6/08 >0.83
A/TUR/7/08 0.12 >0.97 0.07 0.14
A/TUR/8/08 >1.0
A/TUR/11/08 0.12 0.91 0.12 0.16
� A/IRN/05 and PanAsia II still present a significant threat for further spread
� Matching tests reveal gaps in cover (especially vs. Serotype A)
• A-Iran-05 from Turkeypoor matches to the A22 IRQ vaccine strain
• A-Iran-05 from Iranpoor matches to the A/IRN/96 and A/IRN/99
� Despite of poor matching, high potency vaccine can get protection
(A22/IRQ24/64, A/IRN/96 and A/IRN/99 with PD50 24 or >32) (Brehm et al., 2008)
Vaccine recommendationsVaccine recommendations
� Ag variability of serotype O viruses is less than other serotypes
� O1 Manisa has been recommended for many years as a suitable vaccine vs.
viruses of ME-SA topotype
� r1 = 0.64 (2005-08 average value for 45 viruses)
� Challenge of cattle by inoculation with O/IRN/34/06
r1 = 0.64
3.5 PD50 (45-220% known variability, 1.6-7.7 PD50 most likely range)
FIELD ISOLATE VACCINE STRAIN
O1 Manisa
O/IRN/34/06 0.64
DiscussionDiscussion� AA--IranIran--0505
• presents in most of the Middle East countries (wide-spread)
• emergence have many parallels to that of the A22 strains
• poor vaccine matching (r1 <0.3 for A22, A/IRN/96, and A/IRN/99)
• A/IRN/05ARD-07 and A/IRN/05EZM-07 sub-lineages predominant in Turkey
Possible threat for European countries?
� PanAsiaPanAsia--22• presents in most of the Middle East countries (wide-spread)
• emergence have many parallels to that of the PanAsia strains
• O1 Manisa is still recommended in controlling FMD outbreaks
• Potential threat for other countries of Europe, Asia?
� A/EGY/06A/EGY/06• as warning that virus circulating in Africa is mostly unrecognised since closely
related viruses had not been received by FAO/OIE reference laboratories
for long time
• 2009 outbreak – virus has persisted and evolved in Egypt
• Posing a threat for out of Africa escape?
What do we need?What do we need?
� More information on
• Outbreaks Outbreaks (incidence/prevalence data)
• Animal movementsAnimal movements
• Wildlife reservoirsWildlife reservoirs
•• Vaccine usage + efficacyVaccine usage + efficacy
� More samples from
• Domestic animalsDomestic animals
• WildlifeWildlife
� A better understanding of FMD epidemiology
� Regional roadmap aimed at disease control and eradication
� Active collaboration!!!
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
• Nick J. Knowles (IAH)Nick J. Knowles (IAH)
•• Don P. King (IAH)Don P. King (IAH)
•• Nigel P. Ferris (IAH)Nigel P. Ferris (IAH)
•• David J. Paton (IAH)David J. Paton (IAH)
•• Jef M. Hammond (IAH)Jef M. Hammond (IAH)
•• Keith Sumption (FAO) Keith Sumption (FAO)
Funding: Funding: FAO and DEFRA, UKFAO and DEFRA, UK