Fisac Variations

FISAC VARIATIONS. RETHINKING MIGUEL FISAC BONES SYSTEM

A project by: Will Choi - MArch - Matías Imbern - MDesS - Felix Raspall DDes

GSD 6423 (Re)fabricating Tectonic Prototypes . Instructor: Leire Asensio

INTRODUCTION: MIGUEL FISAC

Biography

Born in Daimiel (Ciudad Real) in 1913. He obtained his degree at the School of Architecture of Madrid in 1942. His first work was completed that same year: the Holy Spirit Church, built upon the remains of the auditorium of the Student Residence in Madrid. During a trip to Sweden he would discover the works of Gunnar Asplund, which would influence his concept on architecture. Always working with newer materials, his style evolved over time: from abstract classicism he moves toward a greater use of brick, which he would later abandon for concrete, especially pre-stressed concrete, his patented invention. Some of his most emblematic works are from this last period, like the Hydrographical Study Centre or the Jorba Laborato-ries. He died in Madrid in 2006.

Awards

Gold Medal for Spanish Architecture (1994)Antonio Camuñas Award (1997)National Architecture Award (2002)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND 1.1 Design Concept 1.2 Geometric Definition and Structural Behavior 1.3 Fabrication and Assembly 1.4 Scaled Prototype Production 1.5 Case Studies 1.6 Conclusions

2. THESIS STATEMENT 2.1 Genealogy

3. PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Interpolation Module 3.2 Beam 3.3 Girders 3.4 Vertical Supports

4. PROLIFERATION 4.1 Quads 4.2 Fields

5. FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUE 5.1 Robotic Tool: Foam Hot Wire Cutter 5.2 Cutting Sequence

6. FABRICATED MODELS 6.1 Cast Piece 6.2 Foam Pieces

7. PROPOSAL 7.1 Optional Models 7.2 Final Prototype 7.3 Full Scale Model 7.4 Analysis

8. OUTLOOK 8.1 Design Speculations

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

5. FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUE

6. FABRICATED MODELS

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

1.1 DESIGN CONCEPT

“The pieces that I have obtained using this architectonic-static means have resulted in sections with forms very like the

bones of vertebrates. It’s not that I wanted to make them like bones, it’s just that they turned out that way. That makes you

think that, naturally, some parallel exists. You could interpret it as proof that this is the right path, it corresponds to concepts

which we see in nature. My collaborators, in many cases, have called these pieces bones, in a pejorative sense, because set-

ting up their production entails numerous difficulties. But without doubt, it could be a way”.

“Hormigón y Acero” Magazine nº 79, pág. 36 a 39. 1966.

MAIN GOALS OF THE SYSTEM:

STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY + SUN LIGHTING + WATER DRAIN

EXPERIMENTATION:

12 PIECES DESIGNED - 9 USED IN FORMED BUILDINGS

-Hollow Core-Thin Concrete Walls-High Inertia-Strong Deformation Resistance

1.2 GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ::: SECTIONS OF THE ‘BONES’

Cedex Piece Sigma Piece Trapecio Piece Cerro del Aire Piece

Dimensions in cm.

1.2 GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ::: CEDEX PIECE

fabrication period1960-1963

employmentCover

maximum span22m

class of reinforcementTwisted Cable

weight of the piece [kg/ml]350

commentsThe calculation of the section was made without the superior parasol, as is shown in the schema section (and yet the dowel properties corre-spond to the totallity of the section) the parabolic trajectories of the cables correspond to the sets of two and three drills while the remainder are straight (of late is has been replaced by a prestressed replica).

VON MISES STRESS ANALYSIS - FEA

SECTION AT SUPPORT

AXONOMETRIC

22m. SPAN

Fixed supports at beam endsSelf-weight

1.2 GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ::: SIGMA PIECE

employmentCover

maximum span17m

class of reinforcementBraided Cable / Wires

commentsthere is a non-constructed version that makes it possible to illuminate the inner part. In forgings, the light varies between 16 and 20 m. Even reaching up to 25 on cover dependending on the calculation overloads. In the upper board the piece has some cross-linked shaped rivets that improve the adherence between the piece and the compression layer.t

VON MISES STRESS ANALYSIS - FEAFixed supports at beam endsSelf-weight

SECTION AT SUPPORT

AXONOMETRIC

17m. SPAN

1.2 GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ::: TRAPECIO PIECE

employmentForging / Cover

maximum span16-20m / 25m

class of reinforcementBraided cable / Wire

commentsthere is a non-constructed version that makes it possible to illuminate the inner part. In forg-ings, the light varies between 16 and 20 m. Even reaching up to 25 on cover depending on the calculation overloads. In the upper board the piece has some cross-linked shaped rivets that improve the adherence between the piece and the compression layer.

SECTION AT SUPPORT

AXONOMETRIC

25m. SPAN

fabrication period1970

employmentCover

maximum span7-10-14m

class of reinforcementSingle line wire

commentsThis is a piece that was patented as pre-stressed and built as post-tensioned, which ex-plains some of its peculiarities. It has a double dowel (2 meters long) and a system of single line post-tensioning of the freyssinet class. The problems of the resting of the pieces over the girder are solved like in the prestressed pieces. The post-tensioning wedges aren’t on sight, rather being hidden with mortar.

1.2 GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ::: CERRO DEL AIRE PIECE

SECTION AT SUPPORT

AXONOMETRIC

14m. SPAN

1.2 GEOMETRIC DEFINITION AND STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ::: CEDEX PIECE DETAILS

STRUCTURE FAMILY 2

POST-TENSION SYSTEM - 22M. SPAN

LOADS BEHAVIOR

STRUCTURE FAMILY 1

1.3 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ::: PRECAST CONCRETE

-Vicente Peiro System-Metalic Formwork

1.3 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ::: 2 STRATEGIES

-Voussoir’s crane, multiple components assembled one by one (scaffolding is used)-Pre-assembly creating a single beam component (no scaffolding)

1.3 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ::: POST-TENSION

-Ricardo Barredo System-The anchorages are exposed

1.3 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ::: SUPPORTS

-Special pieces of the system-Transfer the load from the horizontal beam to the vertical plane

1.4 SCALED PROTOTYPE PRODUCTION ::: CEDEX PIECE

-CNC Milling: Blue Foam 3in. Mold-Rockite Cement

1.5 CASE STUDIES ::: HIDROGRAPHICAL CEDEX CENTER - MADRID, 1960

-Uniform Interior Lighting-Modular (voussoir) Structure

1.5 CASE STUDIES ::: BARREDO HOUSE - MADRID, 1963

-Variable section

1.5 CASE STUDIES ::: TEJADA HOUSE - MADRID, 1967

-Variable plan

ADVANTAGES:

-Structurally efficient: Lightness (hollow pieces) / Long spans.

-Post-tensioned concrete avoid cracks, making it waterproof.

-Hollow pieces act as natural insulation.

-Complex interior forms improve acoustic problems of concrete.

DISADVANTAGES:

-The joints between the acrylic and the concrete, and between the different modules are difficult to seal.

- Water that has penetrated the interior of the modules is really difficult to remove.

-The thermal insulation is not enough for current standards.

LIMITATIONS:

-No flexibility for different light condition requirements. Under Fisac’s system all the interior space has the same an homoge-

neous natural illumination, making the system difficult to accommodate different programmatic functions.

-The system is also too rigid to adapt it to geometries that are not orthogonal. This condition also creates difficulty in using

the system with diverse programmatic functions.

-The maximum size of the voussoirs was driven by the technology at that time, related with the machinery and the concrete

performance.

1.6 CONCLUSIONS

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

FISAC‘S GOALS OF THE BONES SYSTEM:

STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY + SUN LIGHTING + WATER DRAIN

NEW FEATURES USING DIGITAL TOOLS:

FLEXIBILITY + ADAPTABILITY

We propose to expand Miguel Fisac’s Huesos System by using digital design and fabrication tools. The main goal is to develop a mass-customizable system that can deal with wider and more complex range of structural, programmatic and organiza-tional requirements.

FLEXIBILITY: In contemporary architecture where mixed-use buildings are gaining more importance as a way of dealing with programmatic complexity, the system should be able to create different natural light conditions in order to expand the range of functions that can coexist under it.

ADAPTABILITY: The system also needs to be able to adapt itself to complex geometry without losing its structural efficiency. This condition will also increase its applicability.

These new features have the objective of extending the range of possible uses of the system as a way of deal-ing with the problems that caused the obsolescence of the original system.

OPPORTUNITIES:

1. DIGITAL DESIGN: Parametric Models2. FABRICATION TOOL: Robotic Formwork [Hot Wire Cutter]: Ruled Surfaces3. MATERIAL: High-Tension and Self-Compacting Concrete Mixtures.

2.1 GENEALOGY

The Huesos Family was systematized by creating a para-metric 6-point system that can reproduce several pieces. This system allows for gradual variation between pieces and specific control of its performance.

6 CONTROL POINTS SYSTEM

WALL THICKNESSAND FILLET RADIUS

COORDINATES OF THE SIX MAIN POINTS AND BENDING CONTROL

2.1 GENEALOGY ::: ASSOCIATIVE MODEL

FINAL SECTION

CERRO DEL AIRE

CERRO DEL AIRE TRAPECIO

FISAC ORIGINAL SYSTEM FISAC VARIATION 01

1. Basic Hueso Piece

2. Linear Array (Beam)

3. Linear Array (Surface)

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

2.1 GENEALOGY ::: TOPOLOGICAL VARIATION

-Connections in two directions-Suppression of linear supports

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

4. Linear Support

2. 2D Array (Beam)

4. Point Support

FISAC ORIGINAL SYSTEM FISAC VARIATION

ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

3.1 INTERPOLATION MODULE

NORMATIVEDEVIATION DEVIATIONOPERATION EFFECT CALIBRATION

Extension

Tilting

Deepening

Fattening

Widening

Modulation ofdirect light

Modulation ofindirect light

Increasedstiffness

Voluminouspresence

1.00 - 2.00

-54 - 54

.65 - 2.10

.05 - .25

0.00 - 1,60

NEW FISAC PIECE

1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

0.50 0.85

1.25 1.60

0.250.200.150.100.05

28° 28°

GENEALOGY FISAC

Section 01Connects to Fis

ac Piece

Connects to Fisac Piece

Section 02

INTERPOLATION MODULE

3.2 BEAMS

ConstantDeepening

ElevationCurvature

PlanSkewing

IncreasedStiffness

Adaptability

IncreasedSpace

1.00 - 2.10

0° - 40°

6.00 - 30.00

VariableDeepening

MaterialOptimization

0.70 - 2.10

Cantilever Extended Space

1.50 - 9.00

30.006.00

1.50 6.00 9.00

1.00 2.00

VAULTBEAM 0°

EXAMPLE BEAM

BEAM ARCHING

SECTION DEFORMATION ALONG SPAN

CONNECTIONTO GIRDER

3.3 GIRDERS ::: SINGLE GIRDER

ConstantDeepening

ElevationCurvature

PlanCurvature

IncreasedStiffness

Adaptability

IncreasedSpace

1.00 - 2.10

0° - 40°

0% - 10%

12.00 - 39.00

GIRDER

VariableDeepening

MaterialOptimization

0.70 - 2.10

Cantilever Extended Space

3.00 - 12,00

30.00 39.0012.00

ARCHBEAM 0°

6.00 3.00 9.0012.00

GENEALOGY GIRDER

Connects to Girder Piece

Section 01

Section 03

Section 02

Section 04

GIRDER PIECE

3.3 GIRDERS ::: DOUBLE GIRDER

Plan Branching

SectionAperture

Plan Aperture

StructuralBifurcation

Skylight

Pocket

0° - 40°

0% - 20%

DOBLE GIRDER

PlanCurvature

Increasedstiffness

0% - 10%

10% 20%

1.00 3.3%

1 branch 2 branches0 branch3.3%

0%3.3%

3.0010%

30° 14°

Extension

Widening

Rotation

Elevation

Quads Delimitation

Increased Stability

Quads Vinculation

Clearance

6.00 - 15.00

1.50 - 6.00

4.00 - 7.00

2.00 - 4,00

BONE PYRAMID

12.006.00 15.00

3.00 5.00

3.4 VERTICAL SUPPORT ::: TETRAPOD

VARIATIONS: BASE DIMENSIONS. HEIGHT, PERFORATIONS’ SHAPE

3.4 VERTICAL SUPPORT ::: COLUMNS

Widening

Skewing

Branching

Extend

OpenedBranches

MaterialEfficiency /

Disequilibrium

Doble Girder Support

IncreasedClearance

0.40 - 1.00

0° - 40°

3.00 - 6.00

BONE COLUMN

Fattening IncreasedStiffness

0.70 - 2.10

Transition IncreasedBranches

20% - 66%

4.50 6.

2.00 3.

001.00

1.501.00 2.00

0.400.25 1.00

1.000.35 0.40

0.400.65

DIFFERENT HEIGHT SAME HEIGHT DIFFERENT HEIGHT

VARIATIONS: BASE GEOMETRY, TRANSITION GEOMETRY, BRANCHES GEOMETRY

3.4 VERTICAL SUPPORT ::: LANDSCAPE

OPERATION EFFECT CALIBRATION

Clearance

Smooth Transition

1.00 - 3.00

5.00 - 15.00

LANDSCAPE CONDITION

9.00 15.003.00

16.50 7.503.00

3.00 21.00 3.00

30° 4.00

1.003.00 21.00 3.00

BIRDSEYE VIEW

INTERIOR VIEW

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

4.1 QUADS

NORMATIVE DEVIATIONOPERATION EFFECT CALIBRATION

ArchingY

ArchingXY

Thinning

Deforming

ArchingX

Longer Span

Decreasedmaterial use

PlanVariation

Longer Span

0 - 10.0

0 - 14.50 - 10.0

0 - 14.5

4.1 QUADS ::: ASSOCIATIVE MODEL

INPUT GEOMETRY PARAMETERS

ATTRACTOR DISTANCE CALCULATION

BEAM SECTION GENERATION

GIRDER SECTION GENERATION

TRANSVERSE GIRDER SECTION GENERATION

FINAL SECTIONS

4.1 QUADS ::: FLAT

VARIATIONSNONE

VARIATIONSBEAM BOTTOM WIDTH

FLANGE EXTENSION

CATENARY ARCH

SMALL APERTURES

APERTURES ENLARGEMENT

WIDER APERTURES

4.1 QUADS ::: CATENARY ARCH

VARIATIONSNONE

FLANGE EXTENSION

CATENARY ARCH

4.1 QUADS ::: CATENARY DOME

FLANGE EXTENSION

FLANGE EXTENSIONFLANGE ROTATION

CATENARY DOME

4.1 QUADS ::: HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

VARIATIONSFLANGE EXTENSION

FLANGE ANGLE

VARIATIONSFLANGE EXTENSION

FLANGE ANGLE

HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

SINGLE QUAD FIELD

PROPAGATING WARPING SLITTING

TWISTING COILING STACKING

4.2 FIELDS ::: VARIATIONS

WARPINGPROPAGATING

SLITTING TWISTING

4.2 FIELDS ::: VARIATIONS

COILING STACKING

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

5.1 ROBOTIC TOOL. FOAM HOT WIRE CUTTER ::: DESIGN

5.1 ROBOTIC TOOL. FOAM HOT WIRE CUTTER ::: FABRICATION

5.2 CUTTING SEQUENCE ::: ASSOCIATIVE MODEL

BOUNDING BOX (STOCK) CALCULATION

CURVES DISCRETIZATION

ALIGNMENT, CORE HOLE AND LATERAL KEYS GEOMETRY

INTERPOLATION PIECE SECTIONS INPUT GIRDER PIECE SECTION INPUT

SIMULATION AND RAPID CODE GENERATION

GIRDER PIECE SECTION INPUT

5.2 CUTTING SEQUENCE

1 - BOTTOM 2 - TOP 4 - LATERALS /KEYS3 - INTERIOR

FINAL PIECE

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

6.1 CAST PIECE ::: ROCKITE

6.2 FOAM PIECES

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

7.1 OPTIONAL MODELS ::: VAULT

7.1 OPTIONAL MODELS ::: DOME

7.1 OPTIONAL MODELS ::: HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

7.2 FINAL PROTOTYPE ::: 14x8 = 112 PIECES

Dimensions in meters

7.2 FINAL PROTOTYPE ::: EXHIBITION

7.3 FULL SCALE MODEL ::: 30x10 = 300 PIECES

Dimensions in meters

7.4 ANALYSIS ::: STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR

SUPPORT

GIRDER POST-TENSION

BEAM POST-TENSION

7.4 ANALYSIS ::: LIGHT CONTROL

INDIRECT LIGHT DIRECT LIGHT

7.4 ANALYSIS ::: WATER DRAIN

LATERAL DRAIN

CENTRAL DRAIN

1. BACKGROUND

2. THESIS STATEMENT

4. PROLIFERATION

7. PROTOTYPE

8. OUTLOOK

8.1 DESIGN SPECULATIONS ::: HOUSE

DOMESTIC SCALE AIRPORT SCALE

8.1 DESIGN SPECULATIONS ::: CANOPY

8.1 DESIGN SPECULATIONS ::: SHOPPING CENTER

8.1 DESIGN SPECULATIONS ::: AIRPORT

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