Post on 21-Nov-2014
description
INBORN KNOWLEDGE
LAD / UG
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
CRITICAL PERIOD
ADULT SPEECH
FEEDBACK
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
Inborn knowledge :
LAD
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
CRITICAL PERIOD
ADULT SPEECH
FEEDBACK
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
nativism : grammatical knowledge – inborn
LAD (Language Acquisition Device)
children are born with prior knowledge of categories, operations, principles common
to all human languages:
UG (Universal Grammar)
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
Principle of word order
UG X’ consists of X & Complement
Principle (UG) : inborn
Parameter : X + complement [head-initial]
Complement + X [head final]
parameters – language-specific/acquired
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
XP
spec X’
x comp Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
language acquisition – autonomous cognitive development
15 year old retardate: general cognitive ability – deficient non-linguistic ability – preschool child linguistic ability –fully developed
cases of people normal IQ – have difficulty in inflections for past tense & plural
The boys eat four apple.
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
normal linguistic development is possible only if children are exposed to language during a particular time frame.
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
phonetic : slow carefully articulated higher pitched
with longer pauses
lexical & semantic : restricted vocabulary;
concrete reference to here & now
syntactic: few incomplete short sentences;
imperative questions
conversational: more repetitions;
few utterances per conversation turn
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
correcting errors: Child: Want other one spoon, Daddy. Father: You mean, you want the other spoon. Child: Yes, I want other one spoon, please Daddy. Father: Can you say “the other spoon”? Child: Other . . . one . . . spoon. Father: Say “other”. Child: Other. Father: Spoon. Child: Spoon. Father: “Other spoon”. Child: Other. . .spoon. Now give me the other one spoon?
(O’Grady & Archibald, 2009; p. 362)
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
recast : repeating the utterance, making adjustment to its form/content
Child: Daddy here Mother: Yes, Daddy is here. Child: Him go. Mother: Yes, he is going. Child: Boy chasing dog. Mother: Yes, the boy is chasing the dog. Child: The dog is barking Mother: Yes, he is barking at the kitty.
(O’Grady & Archibald, 2009; p. 363)
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
important factor in the child’s language acquisition process: actual use of sound and word combination in interaction or in word play.
one, two, tie my shoe; three, four, shut the door; five, six, pick up sticks; seven, eight, lay them straight; nine, ten, a big fat hen.
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
Stage
Typical age
Description
Babbling and Cooing 1 to 8 months Repetitive CV patterns – ba, pa, ma
Hear the difference between [i] and [a] and syllables like [ba] and [pa]
One-word stage 9-18 months Single terms: milk, cat, cup
holophrastic stage Single form functioning as a phrase or sentence
Two-word stage 18-24 months clauses with simple semantic relations – baby eat, dog bad, cat drink
Telegraphic stage or early multiword stage
24-30 months sentence structures of lexical rather than functional or grammatical morphemes- cat drink milk, this baby all wet, daddy go
Later multiword stage 30+ months Grammatical or functional structures emerge
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL
Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.
O’Grady, William and John Archibald. 2009.
Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction, 6th Edition. Canada: Pearson Education.
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico
www.languagelinks.org
Dr. Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, Faculty of Education Universiti Malaya KL