FINISHING EQUIPMENT:

GRADER

Lecture 8

TSP-308 MPK Ferdinand Fassa

OUTLINE

1. Introduction

2. Grader Operations

3. Time Estimates

1. INTRODUCTION

Grader are multipurpose machines used for

finishing & shaping

On many projects, graders are used as the

finishing machines

finishing machines include but not limited to:

Graders

Gradall

Trimers

1. INTRODUCTION (2)

Graders are multipurpose

machines used for:

Finishing

Shaping bank

Sloping

Ditching

Grader’s primary purpose is

cutting and moving material with a

blade, known as moldboard

FUNCTION

To provide (shape) of soil surface to the

desired grade

1. INTRODUCTION (3)

1. INTRODUCTION (4)

Comparison with Dozer

• A grader is restricted to making shallow cuts in

medium-hard materials

• A grader should not be used for heavy

excavations

• A grader can move small amounts of material

1. INTRODUCTION (5)

Comparison with Dozer

• A grader are capable of progressively cutting

ditches to a depth of 3 ft.

• So more economical to used other types of

equipment to cut ditches deeper than 3 ft

1. INTRODUCTION (6)

Components of Grader

• Moldboard (blade)

• Scarifier

• Light rear-mounted ripper

1. INTRODUCTION (7)

Moldboard

Blade

Moldboard

Commonly referred to as blade

The moldboard is used to side cast

the material it encounters

The moldboard can be positioned at

almost any angle

13

ARTICULATED

GRADER POSITIONS

BLADE MECHANISM

MOTOR GRADER APPLICATIONS

2. GRADER OPERATIONS

a. Planning Surface, used to plane or smooth off

cut or fill surface

b. Ditch Cuts

c. Haul-road Maintenance

d. Spreading, often used to spread and mix

dumped load

3. TIME ESTIMATES

𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 =𝑷 𝒙 𝑫

𝑺 𝒙 𝑬

P = number of passed required

D = distance traveled in each pass

S = Speed of grader

E = grader efficiency factor

𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 =𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒙 𝑺 𝒙 𝑾 𝒙 𝑬

𝟗

S = Speed of grader

W = Eff. Width per grader pass, in feet

E = Grader eff. factor

3. TIME ESTIMATES (2)

Formula Distance

𝑵𝒐. 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆

𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒙 𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚= 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆

Distance in miles

Speed in miles per hour

Time will be in hours

3. TIME ESTIMATES (3)

Step 1. Number of passes

Ditching 6 passes

Reshaping 9 passes

Final Grading 4 passes

3. TIME ESTIMATES (4)

Step 2. Distance

Grading 4 miles

Step 3. Speed

1st 2.3 mph

2nd 3.1 mph

3rd 4.5 mph

3. TIME ESTIMATES (5)

Step 4. Eff. Factor

50 min per hour Or 0.83 eff. Factor

3. TIME ESTIMATES (6)

Step 5. Eff. Time to Ditch

Step 1 : N = 6

Step 2 : D = 4 miles 𝟔 𝒙 𝟒

𝟐.𝟑 𝒙 𝟎.𝟖𝟑=

𝟐𝟒

𝟏.𝟗𝟏 = 12.6 hr

Step 3 : S = 2.3 mph

Step 4 : Eff. Factor =0.83

3. TIME ESTIMATES (8)

Step 5. Final Grading

Step 1 : N = 4

Step 2 : D = 4 miles 𝟒 𝒙 𝟒

𝟒.𝟓𝒙 𝟎.𝟖𝟑=

𝟏𝟔

𝟑.𝟕𝟒 = 4.3 hr

Step 3 : S = 4.5 mph

Step 4 : Eff. Factor =0.83

3. TIME ESTIMATES (9)

Step 5. Total Time

Time to ditch 12.6 hr

Time to reshape 14.0 hr

Final grading 04.3 hr

Total time 30.9 hr

3. TIME ESTIMATES (10)

Production

Eff. Width per pass is 9 ft,

Speed 3.5

Eff. Factor 0.6

Production = 11.088 sy/hr

𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 =𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒙 𝟑. 𝟓 𝒙𝟗 𝒙 𝟎. 𝟔

𝟗

28

ESTIMATING PRODUCTION

Efficiency

1

mi Section,for Speed Ave.

mi Length,Section Passesof No. h Time,

30

GRADING EXAMPLE

15.0 miles of gravel road requires reshaping &

leveling.

Six passes of a motor grader will be required.

Job efficiency is 0.80

Based on operator skill, machine characteristics

and job characteristics, you estimate two passes at

4 mi/h, two passes at 5 mi/h, and two passes at 6

mi/h for this job.

h 23.10.80

1

mph 6.0

15.02

mph 5.0

m 15.02

mph 4.0

m 15.02 h Time,

GRADALL

The Gradall is a utility machine which combines the operating features of the hoe, dragline and motor grader.

TRIMMERS

Trimmers are specialty machines to fine finishing for special jobs

The result is better accuracy and greater production compared to the fine-grading with a grader

SELF STUDIES

1. Trimmer operation & safety

2. Grader operation & safety

Submit on PPT, today at14.00 in the afternoon

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND METHODS

Next

Lecture 9