( )Engineering Information Abstracts Part I476

4. ELECTROMEGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

Ž .Electromagnetic compatibility EMC plays an importantrole in design, implementation as well as use of electrical andelectronic devices and systems including information tech-

Ž .nology IT devices. There exist numbers of standards anddirectives which define the demands for device parameters,recommended test methods and procedures. These standardsare mostly focused on the particular electrical and electronicdevices and their EMC parameters. They perform in thesedevices as in a stand-alone black box which has at most apower supply feeder and some data communication channels.The black boxes are either the source of electromagnetic

Ž .interference EMI , or they are able to work under a certainlevel of external interference, that means they dispose of

Ž .electromagnetic susceptibility EMS . Whereas the EMC ofparticular devices as well as EMC of a power supply network

Ž .are quite well defined in standards from both EMI and EMSsides, the EMC of the data communication channels is notdescribed in adequate details. Another aspect is that currentlyused measurement, control and data acquisition systems aremore often built as distributed systems. The advantages ofdistributed systems are their higher flexibility and modularity,

Ž .their higher reliability when well designed and their lowercosts, especially when they have to be modified or extended.Nevertheless the use of distributed systems in an industrialenvironment also introduces some specific problems. A typicalone is the influence of electromagnetic interference to thesystem. Unexpected and unpredictable influence of externalEMI can cause major technical problems and financial losses.A large number of publications is dedicated to these andadditional problems. Several conferences, workshops and spe-cial meetings are organized around the world. Education iscovering this direction, national, regional and internationalregulations and standardizations are ongoing, and the influ-ences to commerce on one hand and the human environmenton the other is a continuing and controversial discussion. Togive an overview of what is going on, we have selected 78abstracts originating from big conferences organized by IEEEŽ . Ž .about 25 % and by IEE about 35 % , from other confer-ences ca. 10 %, from several journals about 30 %.

4.1. Basics, standards, regulations

Title: BASICS OF ESD - ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE,PART ONE: AN INTRODUCTION TO ESD

( )Author s : AnonSource: Compliance Engineering v 15 n 1 Jan-Feb 1998.Compliance Engineering Andover MA USA. p 47-50, 52-54ISSN: 0898-3577 CODEN: CENGE3Publication Year: 1998Abstract: The intensifying level of competition in the electron-ics industry in the 1990s has prompted a number of companiesto adopt certain standards that will enable them to developnew products that are less sensitive to electrostatic dischargesŽ .ESD . It also encouraged these companies to put larger

investments in research and development projects that willhelp explain the mechanics behind the ESD phenomenon in amore detailed manner. In English EI Order Number:98034111145Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; Electrostatics; Elec-tric discharges; Quality control; Standards; Engineering re-search; Electronics industry

Title: INTRODUCTION TO EU MARKET SURVEILLANCE:THE EMC AND LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVES

( )Author s : Bjorklof, DagSource: Compliance Engineering v 15 n 1 Jan-Feb 1998.Compliance Engineering Andover MA USA. p 145-149 ISSN:0898-3577 CODEN: CENGE3Publication Year: 1998Abstract: To ensure that only safe electronic products will

Ž .enter European markets, the European Union EU has is-sued a directive requiring manufacturers to comply with theCE standard. Under this directive, electronic products will betested for their electrical, mechanical, and chemical propertiesto determine if they meet the criteria set by the CE standard.Companies marketing products that do not have the CEmarking will be subjected to sanctions and penalties. In En-glish EI Order Number: 98034111150Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; Laws and legisla-tion; Public policy; Standards; Electron device testing; Elec-tronics industry

Title: FIND THE RIGHT STANDARD TO COMPLY WITHTHE LVD

( )Author s : O’Shea, PaulSource: EE: Evaluation Engineering v 37 n 2 Feb 1998. A.Vernon Nelson Associates Nokomis FL USA. p 42, 44, 47ISSN: 0149-0370 CODEN: EVENAEPublication Year: 1998

Ž .Abstract: The low-voltage directive LVD is applied to end-user electrical equipment that operates from 50 VAC to 1,000VAC or from 75 VDC to 1,500 VDC. The scope of LVDincludes electrical products intended for incorporation intoother equipment and those electrical products that are enditems in themselves. Depending on how they are integratedinto the final product, some types of electrical componentsmay need a CE marking. The LVD does not stipulate whichstandards are applicable to which product categories. Re-sources in locating the correct standard for an electricalproduct in compliance with the LVD are presented. In En-glish EI Order Number: 98024086339Keywords: Electronic equipment testing; Electromagneticcompatibility; Electric equipment; Standards; Standardization

Title: 10 BASIC STEPS TO SUCCESSFUL EMC DESIGN.PART ONE: STEPS ONE TO FIVE

( )Author s : Violette, MichaelSource: EE: Evaluation Engineering v 36 n 12 Dec 1997. A.Vernon Nelson Associates Nokomis FL USA. 5p ISSN: 0149-0370 CODEN: EVENAEPublication Year: 1997Abstract: Most reasons for equipment failure during electro-

Ž .magnetic compatibility EMC testing trace to common, pre-